ABSTRACT
Introduction: Although the United States and other countries have implemented comprehensive legislation, regulations, and policies to support biosafety and biosecurity of high- and maximum-containment laboratories, Brazil's legislation has notable gaps and inconsistencies. Objective: To evaluate the Brazilian approach to ensuring nationwide biosafety and biosecurity oversight and governance of high- and maximum-containment laboratories. Methods: A systematic gap analysis was conducted to compare Brazilian biosafety and biosecurity legislation, regulations, and policies with their international counterparts, with a particular focus on the oversight and governance of high- and maximum-containment laboratories. Results: We found that Brazilian biosafety and biosecurity legislation, regulations, and policies have relevant gaps. Governance and regulatory oversight of Brazil's high- and maximum-containment laboratories are decentralized with variable levels of adherence to commonly accepted global biosafety and biosecurity compliance standards. These findings represent a limitation not only to governance but also to the preparedness to face current and future challenges related to emergent infectious diseases in Brazil. Enhancing the Brazilian legal framework on laboratory biosafety and biosecurity is necessary and urgent. Reviewing the lessons learned and regulations applied in the United States and other international frameworks helped identify potential areas for improving Brazil's ability to inventory and manage its diverse biocontainment laboratory capabilities and assure these valuable resources align with national needs and priorities. Conclusion: The Brazilian government has an opportunity to revise and improve upon a national set of legislation, regulations, and policies for its high- and maximum-containment laboratories, taking advantage of legislation and guidelines published by other countries.
ABSTRACT
Investigou-se, soroepidemiologicamente, a leptospirose em 775 cães do município de Botucatu - SP, em amostras de sangue, obtidas durante a campanha anual de vacinação anti-rábica, coletadas de 14 postos de vacinação, distribuídos geograficamente, representando o total de 45 postos de cinco regiões do Município, com uma área territorial urbana de 31km². Do total de amostras, 449 eram de machos, e 326, de fêmeas; 564 eram de animais sem raça definida, e 211, puros. As idades variavam de três meses a 20 anos. Para o diagnóstico, foi realizada a soroaglutinação microscópica, utilizando-se 12 sorovares de Leptospira spp. A comparação entre o resultado do exame sorológico e as variáveis epidemiológicas foi realizada pelos testes de Goodman e do Qui-quadrado, comα= 0,05. Obtiveram-se 119 (15,3%) amostras positivas, com reação para 11 sorovares, com maior importância para o canicola, em 48 (40,3%) amostras, e pyrogenes, em 41 (34,5%). Pela análise estatística, encontrou-se diferença significativa em relação à raça positividade em 17,7% dos animais sem raça definida e em 9,0% dos demais e sexo positividade em 18,4% de machos e 11,0% de fêmeas. Quanto à idade, não houve diferença significativa, com distribuição uniforme entre as faixas etárias estabelecidas.
Leptospirosis was seroepidemiologically investigated in 775 dogs from Botucatu, state of Sao Paulo, in blood samples collected during the annual anti-rabies vaccination campaign. The samples were collected from 14 out of the 45 vaccination stations geographically distributed in five different municipal districts, with a territorial urban area of 31km². Samples were taken from 449 males and 326 females; 564 were of undetermined breed, and 211 were pedigree animals; ages ranged from 3 months to 20 years. Diagnosis included the microscopic serum agglutination tests using 12 Leptospira spp serovars. Serological results and epidemiological variables were compared using Goodman and chi-square tests, withα=0.05. There were 119 (15.3%) positive samples for 11 serovars; the most important was canicola with 48 (40.3%), followed by pyrogenes 41 (34.5%). Statistical analysis showed significant difference for: breed, 17.7% positive in undetermined breeds and 9.0% in pedigrees; and sex, 18.4% positive in males and 11.0% in females. There was no statistically significant difference in relation to age with uniform distribution of positives.
Subject(s)
Dogs , Leptospira interrogans/isolation & purification , Leptospirosis/epidemiology , Leptospirosis/immunologyABSTRACT
Con el objeto de estudiar la importancia de la longaniza de cerdo en la epidemiología de la toxoplasmosis, se investigó la presencia de Toxoplasma gondii en 70 muestras comercia-lizadas en Botucatu-SP. Las muestras fueron procesadas por las pruebas de aislamiento en ratones y por la amplificación del ADN por la Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa (PCR). Aún que el T. gondii no ha sido aislado de ninguna muestra por la prueba de aislamiento in ratones, 33 (47,14 por ciento) muestras han sido positivas por la PCR. Estos resultados indican que la longaniza de cerdo probablemente tiene poca importancia cómo fuente de infección para la toxoplasmosis humana en la región estudiada. Mientras tanto, el gran número de muestras positivas por la PCR indica que el protozoario puede estar presente, pero es inactivado por la sal usada en el aderezo de las longanizas.