ABSTRACT
Mexico is a center of diversification for the Cactaceae family, with 69% of the species recorded as endemic. Certain members of the Cactaceae family have been chemically analyzed to relate their medicinal use with their phytochemistry. Here, the phytochemistry and bioactivity of ethanol extracts of Ferocactus echidne, F. latispinus, and Mammillaria geminispina were evaluated. A preliminary phytochemical analysis was performed, detecting the presence of saponins, tannins, cardiotonic glycosides, and sesquiterpene lactones. The presence of nicotinic acid in F. echidne and F. latispinus was identified by GC-MS. Other compounds found in the extracts of these three species were gentisic acid, diosmetin, chlorogenic acid, N-methyltyramide, and hordenine. The antioxidant activity was estimated with the DPPH free radical scavenging test. To determine the toxicity of the extracts, the in vivo model of Artemia spp. was used. In addition, the cytotoxicity of the extract was tested on C6, HaCaT, THP-1, and U937 cell lines, while the inflammatory activity was tested by measuring the secretion of cytokines using macrophage cells. The three species showed different bioactivities, including antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and anti-inflammatory activities. To the best of our knowledge, the results presented here are the first described for these species.
ABSTRACT
La dermatomiositis es una enfermedad sistémica que se caracteriza fundamentalmente por la presencia de alteraciones inflamatorias de piel y músculo estriado. En ciertos casos constituye un síndrome paraneoplásico, por lo que su diagnóstico obliga a una exhaustiva búsqueda de la probable asociación con un cáncer. Presentamos tres casos de dermatomiositis asociados a neoplasias, dos mujeres con cáncer ginecológico y un varón con cáncer de estómago. Una de las mujeres también presentaba un síndrome mielodisplásico. En dos casos la dermatomiositis fue posterior al diagnóstico del cáncer y en uno los hallazgos fueron simultáneos.
Dermatomyositis is a systemic disease characterized primarily by the presence of inflammatory skin disorders and striated muscle. In some cases it constitutes a paraneoplastic syndrome, so diagnosis requires a thorough search of the likely association with cancer. We present three cases of dermatomyositis associated with malignancies, two women with gynecologic cancer and a man with stomach cancer. One of the women also had a myelodysplastic syndrome. In two cases dermatomyositis was after the diagnosis of cancer and in one, the findings were simultaneous.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Stomach Neoplasms/complications , Stomach Neoplasms/diagnosis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/complications , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/diagnosis , Dermatomyositis/complications , Dermatomyositis/diagnosis , Paraneoplastic Syndromes/diagnosis , Dermatomyositis/pathologyABSTRACT
La dermatitis herpetiforme, también denominada enfermedad de Duhring-Brocq, es una enfermedad caracterizada por una erupción papulovesiculosa crónica, simétrica, localizada principalmente en superficies de extensión, recidivante, con prurito intenso. Se asocia a enteropatía sensible al gluten. Su diagnóstico se basa en la clínica, la anatomía patológica e inmunofluorescencia directa, además de pruebas serológicas. Se presenta el caso de un joven con lesiones cutáneas pruriginosas cuyos estudios confirmaron el diagnóstico de dermatitis herpetiforme y en la investigación gastrointestinal por endoscopía e histología se confirma una enfermedad celiaca que no presentaba síntomas.
Dermatitis herpetiformis, also called Duhring-Brocq disease, is a recurrent disease characterized by symmetric chronic papulo-vesicular eruption, mainly located in extension surfaces, and intense pruritus. It is associated with a gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Its diagnosis is based on clinics, pathological anatomy and direct immunofluorescence apart from serological tests. We report the case of a youth with pruritic cutaneous lesions, whose studies confirmed the diagnosis of dermatitis herpetiformis. In the gastrointestinal investigation, using endoscopy and histology, a celiac disease, which did not present symptoms, was confirmed.
ABSTRACT
Tropical forests undergo continuous transformation to other land uses, resulting in landscapes typified by forest fragments surrounded by anthropogenic habitats. Small forest fragments, specifically strip-shaped remnants flanking streams (referred to as riparian remnants), can be particularly important for the maintenance and conservation of biodiversity within highly fragmented forests. We compared frog species diversity between riparian remnants, other forest fragments and cattle pastures in a tropical landscape in Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. We found similar species richness in the three habitats studied and a similar assemblage structure between riparian remnants and forest fragments, although species composition differed by 50 per cent. Frog abundance was halved in riparian remnants compared with forest fragments, but was twice that found in pastures. Our results suggest that riparian remnants play an important role in maintaining a portion of frog species diversity in a highly fragmented forest, particularly during environmentally stressful (hot and dry) periods. In this regard, however, the role of riparian remnants is complementary, rather than substitutive, with respect to the function of other forest fragments within the fragmented forest.
Subject(s)
Anura , Ecosystem , Animals , Biodiversity , Cattle , Conservation of Natural Resources , Mexico , Species Specificity , Trees , Tropical ClimateABSTRACT
La ingestion de ciertos medicamentos es causa frecuente de trombocitopenia por supresion de megacariocitos en la medula osea, este estudio pretende evaluar el poder mielotoxico del acetaminofeno, carbamacepina, fenitoina, acido valproio, furosemida, ranitidina, rifampicina-isoniacida, metotrexate y doxorubicina, drogas de uso frecuente en el Hospital del Niño "Dr. Ovidio Aliaga Uria" de la ciudad de La Paz. De un universo de 286 niños, 52 fueron seleccionados para la evaluacion del recuente plaquetario. Los metodos utilizados fueron: directo (Unopette) e indirecto (Fonio). El intervalo de tiempo entre los recuentos antes y durante el tratamiento fue como minimo 5 dias y como maximo 90 dias. Este intervalo fue definido en funcion al criterio medico y al tiempo de internacion de cada paciente. Los resultados muestran que todas las drogas evaluadas induce trombocitopenia en diferente grado. En algunos casos este daño esta relacionado con el tiempo de uso del farmaco. La edad y el sexo de los pacientes no tienen influencia sobre los recuentos plaquetarios. Ambas tecnicas de recuento permiten obtener resultados fiables. La informacion brindada tiene el interes de promover conocimientos sobre la accion trombocitopenica de estas drogas y asegurar un control plaquetario periodico especialmente en pacientes con terapia prolongada