ABSTRACT
Two new and six known steroidal glucosides were isolated from the tuber of Ophiopogon japonicus. The new steroidal glucosides were established as (20R,25R)-26-O-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-3ß,26-dihydroxycholest-5-en-16,22-dioxo-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 â 2)-ß-d-glucopyranoside (1) and 26-O-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-(25R)-furost-5-en-3ß,14α,17α,22α,26-pentaol-3-O-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1 â 2)-ß-d-glucopyranoside (3) on the basis of spectroscopic data as well as chemical evidence.
Subject(s)
Cholestenes/isolation & purification , Cholestenones/isolation & purification , Glucosides/isolation & purification , Glycosides/isolation & purification , Ophiopogon/chemistry , Steroids/isolation & purification , Cholestenes/chemistry , Cholestenones/chemistry , Glucosides/chemistry , Glycosides/chemistry , Molecular Structure , Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular , Plant Tubers/chemistry , Stereoisomerism , Steroids/chemistryABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: To describe the clinical features, treatments and prognosis of very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) requring mechanical ventilation, to assess the risk factors associated with the mortality of VLBWIs, and to evaluate the significance of the scoring system based on clinical risk index for babies (CRIB) and the score for neonatal acute physiology-perinatal extension II (SNAPPE-II) for predicting mortality risk for premature infants in China. METHODS: Perinatal data were collected from 127 VLBWIs requring mechanical ventilation who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) from January 2010 to October 2011. RESULTS: The enrolled infants had a mean gestational age of 31±2 weeks, a mean birth weight of 1290±170 g, a male/female ratio of 1.23â¶1, and extremely low birth weight infant accounting for 6.3%. Of the 127 cases, 48.0% were administered with pulmonary surfactant (PS), and 49.6% received endotracheal intubation ventilation. The overall in-hospital mortality was 41.7%. Multivariate logistic regression revealed the following independent risk factors for mortality: low birth weight, multiple birth, cesarean section, and low PaO2/FiO2 ratio (OR = 1.611, 7.572, 4.062, and 0.133 respectively; P<0.05). SNAPPE-II and CRIB showed good performance in predicting prognosis, with areas under the ROC curve of 0.806 and 0.777 respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The overall mortality rate of VLBWIs is still relatively high. The high-risk factors for VLBWI mortality include low birth weight, multiple birth, cesarean section, and low PaO2/FiO2 ratio. The neonatal illness severity scoring system (using SNAPPE-II and CRIB) can be used to quantify illness severity in premature infants.
Subject(s)
Hospital Mortality , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight , Respiration, Artificial , Adult , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Logistic Models , Male , Prospective Studies , ROC Curve , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Two-armed neutral anion receptors (4,5), were prepared and examined for their anion-binding ability using UV-vis, fluorescence and 1H NMR spectra in DMSO. The results of non-linear curve fitting indicate that 4 or 5 form 1 : 1 stoichiometric complexes with dicarboxylate anions by multiple hydrogen bonding interactions and the sensitivity for recognition of dicarboxylate depends on the chain length of these dicarboxylate anions. Receptors 4 and 5 have no binding ability with acetate, dihydrogen phosphate and the halogen (Cl-, Br-, I-) anions. This demonstrates that receptors 4 or 5 could be used as chemical sensors for some special dicarboxylate anions.
