ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Probiotics are live microorganisms that, when consumed in appropriate amount, can provide health benefits. Although many studies have shown positive results with the use of probiotics in bone loss control, as in periodontal disease, the effect of probiotics on a mechanical force-induced alveolar bone resorption is still unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the impact of the specific probiotic Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis on bone remodeling induced by orthodontic tooth movement. METHODS: For this study, thirty C57BL6/J male mice were used and divided into two groups: 1- Mice were orally treated with the probiotic; 2- Mice were treated with vehicle. All mice were submitted to the experimental model of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Bone parameters and OTM was evaluated by MicroCT. OTM and TRAP positive cells were analyzed by histomorphometric analysis. Osteoclasts markers were evaluated by qPCR and short chain fatty acids were measured in feces. RESULTS: Micro-CT analysis showed that probiotic treatment did not modify the alveolar bone parameters. However, supplementation with probiotics restrained the tooth movement, as demonstrated by the reduced distance of OTM. Probiotic-treated mice presented down-regulation of Trap expression and reduced osteoclast numbers compared to the control. Accordingly, probiotics supplemented mice exhibited a higher concentration of short-chain fatty acid in their feces. CONCLUSIONS: The supplementation with Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis impaired tooth movement without altering the alveolar bone microarchitecture. The effect on bone remodeling induced by Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis may be associated with the short-chain fatty acids' production.
Subject(s)
Alveolar Bone Loss , Bifidobacterium animalis , Probiotics , Animals , Male , Mice , Mice, Inbred C57BL , Tooth Movement TechniquesABSTRACT
O crescimento facial é mais acentuado nos primeiros anos de vida, mas pode sofrer alterações extrínsecas de forma e/ou tamanho durante seu crescimento e desenvolvimento, que vão até a puberdade. O método alimentar utilizado nos primeiros anos de vida mostra-se um fator influenciador do crescimento e desenvolvimento das estruturas orofaciais, atuando por meio do exercício muscular como um direcionador do crescimento dos ossos anexos e também de funções como a respiração e deglutição. O mecanismo de sucção, realizado por músculos que podem interferir no processo de crescimento e desenvolvimento da face e nas funções de respiração e deglutição, difere em cada método de alimentação. Neste artigo são apresentados os efeitos musculares nas estruturas da face, considerando três métodos diferentes de alimentação infantil: aleitamento materno, copinho e mamadeira. As informações e dados sobre esses três métodos de alimentação dos recém-nascidos foram separados em tópicos para facilitar a comparação e compreensão de seus efeitos: reflexos, vedamento, postura da língua, movimento muscular, respiração e alterações anatômicas. (AU)
Facial growth is more pronounced in the first years of life, but there may be extrinsic alterations in form and /or size during growth and development up to puberty. The feeding method used in the first years of life proves to be an influencing factor in the orofacial structures growth and development, by means of the muscular exercises as a directing factor of the annex bones growth and also of functions such as breathing and swallowing. The suction mechanism carried out by muscles that may interfere in the growth process and development of the face and in the breathing and swallowing functions is different in each feeding method. This article shows the muscular effects in the face structures, taking into consideration three different methods of baby feeding: breastfeeding, cup and bottle. The information and data concerning these three feeding methods in newborn babies were divided into topics in order to make easier the comparison and understanding of their effects: reflection, occlusion, tongue posture, muscle movement, breathing and anatomical changes. (AU)