ABSTRACT
While children have experienced less severe coronavirus disease (COVID-19) after SARS-CoV-2 infection than adults, the cause of this remains unclear. The objective of this study was to describe the humoral immune response to COVID-19 in child vs. adult household contacts, and to identify predictors of the response over time. In this prospective cohort study, children with a positive SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test (index case) were recruited along with their adult household contacts. Serum IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 S1/S2 spike proteins were compared between children and adults at 6 and 12 months after infection. A total of 91 participants (37 adults and 54 children) from 36 families were enrolled. Overall, 78 (85.7%) participants were seropositive for anti-S1/S2 IgG antibody at 6 months following infection; this was higher in children than in adults (92.6% vs. 75.7%) (p = 0.05). Significant predictors of a lack of SARS-CoV-2 seropositivity were age ≥ 25 vs. < 12 years (odds ratio [OR] = 0.23, p = 0.04), presence of comorbidities (vs. none, adjusted OR = 0.23, p = 0.03), and immunosuppression (vs. immunocompetent, adjusted OR = 0.17, p = 0.02).
Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral , COVID-19 , Comorbidity , Immunoglobulin G , SARS-CoV-2 , Humans , COVID-19/epidemiology , COVID-19/immunology , Child , Male , Female , SARS-CoV-2/immunology , Adult , Antibodies, Viral/blood , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Prospective Studies , Age Factors , Adolescent , Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus/immunology , Young Adult , Child, Preschool , Middle Aged , Immunity, HumoralABSTRACT
PURPOSE: Our objective was to provide regionally appropriate, resource-conscious recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia. METHODS: A multinational panel of Central American and Caribbean clinicians who deliver pediatric oncology care prioritized clinically important questions and then used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to provide recommendations on the selected topics. RESULTS: Twenty-two questions and 2 definitions were included in the guideline, which was intended to establish minimum care standards for pediatric patients treated in regional centers. Of all the included studies, 6.9% were conducted in low- and middle-income countries, and no studies were performed in countries represented on the panel. CONCLUSION: The panel made recommendations on the basis of existing evidence but identified important gaps in knowledge from the region and from resource-limited settings that may affect the clinical applicability of these recommendations. These deficiencies suggest a research agenda that will enable future guidelines to be more responsive to the local context.
