UPDATE ON THE USE OF METHOTREXATE IN THE MANAGEMENT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an auto-immune disorder described by permanent inflammation of the articular synovial membrane. Non-treated RA can cause gradual joint damage, ending in complaint, poor lifestyle, and an upright ratio of death. Approximately one percent of the people are involved, and the disorder begins, in general, appears during the third and fifth decades of age, with more occurrences in females. The treatment is complicated as well as involves various stages of medications with variable methods of application as well as non-pharmacologic methods. The extra prevalent are disease person's culture, then, sports and mechanical and behavioral therapy. Due to more chance of ischemic heart disease, trials should be increased to lessen the assisting behaviors such as cigarette smoking, high lipid profile, elevation of blood pressure, and high body mass index.

ACUTE TOXICITY OF COUMACINES: AN IN VIVO STUDY.

The design and synthesis of new drugs are increasingly challenging in chemistry settings. The synthesis is itself lured by the properties of the product after synthesis, including solubility, hygroscopicity, intensive adverse effects, and biological inefficacy; hence, the creation of a new drug should be considered in light of the avoidance of these downside features, if any. The present study is designed to investigate the acute toxicity of newly discovered heterocyclic frameworks derived from the coumarin backbone, namely coumacine I and coumacine II. To do so, a mouse model of 25 mice was subclassified into 5 groups (5 mice control, 5 mice coumacine I 1000 mg/kg, 5 mice coumacine II 1000 mg/kg, 5 mice coumacine I 2000 mg/kg, and 5 mice coumacine II 2000 mg/kg), a single dose was given, and mice were sacrificed after 4 hours post-dose. The blood sample and tissue were collected for biochemical and histopathological studies. Serums were analyzed for the measurement of renal function and liver enzyme activity using classical biochemical methods. A high dose of either compound caused deleterious changes, as evidenced by a significant (p<0.05) increase in creatinine, urea, GOT, and GPT, as well as disrupting tissue quasi-equilibrium at the cellular level in both kidney and liver. To sum up, coumacine I and coumacine II are relatively safe unless otherwise used in high doses, knowing that either dose in the present study is remarkably higher than the therapeutic dose of coumarins currently in use in clinical settings.