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1.
Rev. Col. Bras. Cir ; 43(2): 93-101, Mar.-Apr. 2016. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-782920

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the profile of morbidity and mortality and its predictors related to extensive pelvic resections, including pelvic exenteration, to optimize the selection of patients and achieve better surgical results. Methods: we performed 24 major resections for anorectal pelvic malignancy from 2008 to 2015 in the Instituto do Câncer do Ceará. The factors analyzed included age, weight loss, resected organs, total versus posterior exenteration, angiolymphatic and perineural invasion, lymph node metastasis and overall and disease-free survival. Results: the median age was 57 years and the mean follow-up was ten months. Overall morbidity was 45.8%, with five (20.8%) serious complications. There were no deaths in the first 30 postoperative days. The median overall survival was 39.5 months, and disease-free survival, 30.7 months. Concomitant resection of the bladder was an isolated prognostic factor for higher risk of complications (87.5% vs. 26.7%, p = 0.009). Angiolymphatic invasion and lymph node metastasis did not reach significance with respect to disease-free survival. Conclusion: treatment of advanced anorectal tumors is challenging, often requiring combined resections, such as cystectomy and sacrectomy, and complex reconstructions. The magnitude of the operation still carries a high morbidity rate, but is a procedure considered safe and feasible, with a low mortality and adequate locoregional tumor control when performed in referral centers.


RESUMO Objetivos: avaliar o perfil de morbimortalidade e seus fatores preditivos relacionados às ressecções pélvicas extensas, incluindo a exenteração pélvica, com o intuito de otimizar a seleção dos pacientes e obtenção de melhores resultados cirúrgicos. Métodos: foram realizadas 24 grandes ressecções pélvicas por neoplasia maligna anorretal de 2008 a 2015 no Instituto do Câncer do Ceará. Os fatores analisados incluíram idade, perda de peso, órgão ressecados, exenteração total versus posterior, invasão angiolinfática e perineural, metástase linfonodal e sobrevida global e livre de doença. Resultados: a mediana de idade foi 57 anos e o tempo médio de seguimento foi dez meses. A morbidade global foi 45,8%, com cinco (20,8%) complicações graves. Não houve óbito nos primeiros 30 dias de pós-operatório. A sobrevida global média foi 39,5 meses e a sobrevida livre de doença foi 30,7 meses. A ressecção concomitante da bexiga foi fator prognóstico isolado com maior risco para complicações (87,5% vs. 26,7%, p=0.009). Invasão angiolinfática e metástase linfonodal não alcançaram significância com relação à sobrevida livre de doença. Conclusão: o tratamento dos tumores anorretais avançados é desafiador, necessitando frequentemente de ressecções combinadas, como a cistectomia e sacrectomia, além de reconstruções complexas. A magnitude da cirurgia ainda carrega uma elevada taxa de morbidade, porém é um procedimento considerado seguro e factível, com uma baixa mortalidade e adequado controle locorregional tumoral quando realizado em centros de referência.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Aged , Anus Neoplasms/surgery , Pelvic Exenteration/methods , Postoperative Complications/epidemiology , Colorectal Neoplasms/surgery , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/surgery , Anus Neoplasms/mortality , Anus Neoplasms/pathology , Prognosis , Colorectal Neoplasms/mortality , Colorectal Neoplasms/pathology , Retrospective Studies , Cohort Studies , Disease-Free Survival , Middle Aged , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local/mortality
2.
Acta Cir Bras ; 21(6): 430-3, 2006.
Article in Portuguese | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-17160258

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To identify the lymph nodes positioned along the internal mammary vessels in isolated sternum of human cadaver and to standardize the surgical approach to those nodes, in order to establish anatomical landmarks to be used with the current techniques of mammary gland sentinel lymph node detection. METHODS: Ten sternum plates removed from unclaimed cadavers were used in this study. Sternal plates were removed using bilateral incisions of the ribs at the midclavicular lines. The characterization of the internal mammary vessels and the anatomical integrity of the parietal pleura were indispensable requirements during the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 29 lymph nodes were removed from the 2nd (13) and the 3rd (16) intercostals spaces. Almost 50% of all nodes collected were located medially to the vessels. CONCLUSION: The approach used is a reliable surgical technique for removing lymph node from sternal plates. The model is therefore valuable for breast surgeons training in sentinel node biopsy, an important procedure for breast cancer patients.


Subject(s)
Lymph Nodes/anatomy & histology , Mammary Arteries/anatomy & histology , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods , Sternum/surgery , Cadaver , Humans , Mammary Arteries/surgery , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/education , Sternum/anatomy & histology
3.
Acta cir. bras ; 21(6): 430-433, Nov.-Dec. 2006. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-440751

ABSTRACT

PURPOSE: To identify the lymph nodes positioned along the internal mammary vessels in isolated sternum of human cadaver and to standardize the surgical approach to those nodes, in order to establish anatomical landmarks to be used with the current techniques of mammary gland sentinel lymph node detection. METHODS: Ten sternum plates removed from unclaimed cadavers were used in this study. Sternal plates were removed using bilateral incisions of the ribs at the midclavicular lines. The characterization of the internal mammary vessels and the anatomical integrity of the parietal pleura were indispensable requirements during the procedure. RESULTS: A total of 29 lymph nodes were removed from the 2nd (13) and the 3rd (16) intercostals spaces. Almost 50 percent of all nodes collected were located medially to the vessels. CONCLUSION: The approach used is a reliable surgical technique for removing lymph node from sternal plates. The model is therefore valuable for breast surgeons training in sentinel node biopsy, an important procedure for breast cancer patients.


OBJETIVO: Identificar os linfonodos localizados ao longo dos vasos mamários internos em esternos isolados de cadáveres e padronizar a abordagem cirúrgica desses linfonodos, registrando os pontos de reparo a serem utilizados nas técnicas atuais de pesquisa do linfonodo sentinela da mama. MÉTODOS: Estudaram-se dez esternos isolados de cadáveres humanos. Os esternos foram obtidos através de secção bilateral do gradil costal ao nível das linhas hemiclaviculares. A individualização e a integridade anatômica da pleura parietal e dos vasos mamários internos foram requisitos imprescindíveis durante a dessecação das peças. RESULTADOS: Um total de 29 linfonodos foram removidos do 2° e 3° espaços intercostais (13 e 16 linfonodos respectivamente). Quase 50 por cento dos linfonodos removidos se situavam em posição medial aos vasos mamários. CONCLUSÃO: A abordagem cirúrgica usada neste estudo demonstrou ser uma técnica adequada para a exérese de linfonodos esternais. Conclui-se assim que o modelo utilizado se presta ao treinamento para o procedimento de biópsia de linfonodo sentinela, de grande valor na abordagem das pacientes portadoras de câncer da mama.


Subject(s)
Humans , Breast Neoplasms/pathology , Lymph Nodes/pathology , Mammary Arteries/pathology , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/methods , Breast Neoplasms/surgery , Cadaver , Lymph Nodes/surgery , Mammary Arteries/surgery , Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy/standards , Sternum/surgery
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