[Effect of renal artery stenting on the clinical and geriatric status of elderly patients with vasorenal hypertension.]

The study consists in determining the effect of renal artery stenting in patients with arterial hypertension in combination with renal artery stenosis on the dynamics of clinical and geriatric status in terms of such indicators as the number of drugs taken, cognitive status, determined by the MMSE scale, prevalence of the frequency of falls, psycho-emotional status by the Beck scale, the quality of sleep on the VAS scale, the index of age discrimination according to the E.Palmore ageism questionnaire, the quality of life according to the SF 36 questionnaire. The study involved 72 elderly patients with arterial hypertension in combination with renal artery stenosis. According to the results of the study, as a result of stenting of the renal arteries, there is a decrease in the number of drugs taken, an improvement in the cognitive status on the MMSE scale, a decrease in the frequency of falls, an improvement in the psycho-emotional status on the Beck scale, an improvement in the quality of sleep on the VAS scale, a decrease in the level of age discrimination, an increase in the quality of life according to questionnaire SF-36 on all scales.

Proton Compton Scattering from Linearly Polarized Gamma Rays.

Differential cross sections for Compton scattering from the proton have been measured at scattering angles of 55°, 90°, and 125° in the laboratory frame using quasimonoenergetic linearly (circularly) polarized photon beams with a weighted mean energy value of 83.4 MeV (81.3 MeV). These measurements were performed at the High Intensity Gamma-Ray Source facility at the Triangle Universities Nuclear Laboratory. The results are compared to previous measurements and are interpreted in the chiral effective field theory framework to extract the electromagnetic dipole polarizabilities of the proton, which gives α_{E1}^{p}=13.8±1.2_{stat}±0.1_{BSR}±0.3_{theo},ß_{M1}^{p}=0.2∓1.2_{stat}±0.1_{BSR}∓0.3_{theo} in units of 10^{-4} fm^{3}.

Antiviral and Antimicrobial Nucleoside Derivatives: Structural Features and Mechanisms of Action.

The emergence of new viruses and resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has become a powerful stimulus in the search for new drugs. Nucleosides are a promising class of natural compounds, and more than a hundred drugs have already been created based on them, including antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor agents. The review considers the structural and functional features and mechanisms of action of known nucleoside analogs with antiviral, antibacterial or antiprotozoal activity. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms that determine the antiviral effect of nucleoside analogs containing hydrophobic fragments. Depending on the structure and position of the hydrophobic substituent, such nucleosides can either block the process of penetration of viruses into cells or inhibit the stage of genome replication. The mechanisms of inhibition of viral enzymes by compounds of nucleoside and non-nucleoside nature have been compared. The stages of creation of antiparasitic drugs, which are based on the peculiarities of metabolic transformations of nucleosides in humans body and parasites, have been considered. A new approach to the creation of drugs is described, based on the use of prodrugs of modified nucleosides, which, as a result of metabolic processes, are converted into an effective drug directly in the target organ or tissue. This strategy makes it possible to reduce the general toxicity of the drug to humans and to increase the effectiveness of its action on cells infected by the virus.

[Antiviral and Antimicrobial Nucleoside Derivatives: Structural Features and Mechanisms of Action].

The emergence of new viruses and resistant strains of pathogenic microorganisms has become a powerful stimulus in the search for new drugs. Nucleosides are a promising class of natural compound, and more than a hundred drugs have already been created based on them, including antiviral, antibacterial and antitumor agents. The review considers the structural and functional features and mechanisms of action of known nucleoside analogs with antiviral, antibacterial, or antiprotozoal activity. Particular attention is paid to the mechanisms that determine the antiviral effect of nucleoside analogs containing hydrophobic fragments. Depending on the structure and position of the hydrophobic substituent, such nucleosides can either block the process of penetration of viruses into cells or inhibit the stage of genome replication. The mechanisms of inhibition of viral enzymes by compounds of nucleoside and non-nucleoside nature have been compared. The stages of creation of antiparasitic drugs, which are based on the peculiarities of metabolic transformations of nucleosides in humans body and parasites, have been considered. A new approach to the creation of drugs is described, based on the use of prodrugs of modified nucleosides, which, as a result of metabolic processes, are converted into an effective drug directly in the target organ or tissue. This strategy makes it possible to reduce the general toxicity of the drug to humans and to increase the effectiveness of its action on cells infected by the virus.

[Determination of cytokines and adhesion molecules in elderly and senile patients with aortic valve calcification.]

A laboratory study of the cytokine profile and the content of the intercellular adhesion molecules was performed in 38 patients with initial signs of aortic hemilunus calcification. It has been determined that the content of IL-6 and IL-8 had significantly higher values compared with the control group, which indicates the direct role of nonspecific chronic inflammation in the development of calcifying aortic valve damage. A significantly lower content of sE-selectin was also identified, which may indicate the absence of activation of adhesion molecules at the initial stage of aortic valve calcification. Further study of the dynamics of sE- and sP-selectins content in the process of development of acceleration of blood flow in the aortic valve and the formation of stenosis is needed.

Comparative Analysis of the Biosynthesis of Isoprenoid and Aromatic Cytokinins.

To compare the biosynthesis pathways of aromatic and isoprenoid cytokinins, a series of nucleoside derivatives of natural cytokinins was synthesized and their cytokinin activity was determined in a test system based on the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. Cytokinin nucleosides are known to lack the hormonal activity until cleaving the ribose moiety at the position 9. Our experiments have shown that both ribo- and 5'-deoxyribo derivatives of N6-isopentenyladenine were able to turn into active cytokinins in planta exhibiting cytokinin activity. By contrast, 5'-deoxy nucleosides of aromatic cytokinins did not show similar activity. Since 5'-deoxy nucleosides cannot phosphorylate in vivo, the direct pathway of active cytokinin formation by cleavage of nucleotides is blocked here. The detected activity in 5'-deoxy nucleosides of isoprenoid cytokinins and the lack of the activity in 5'-deoxy nucleosides of aromatic cytokinins indicates the difference in the biosynthesis of these compounds.

[Hybrid vascular interventions on the peripheral arteries in the treatment of critical ischemia in elderly patients.]

Peripheral arterial disease has a huge contribution to the overall mortality rate of the population, especially in the group of patients of old and old age. The likelihood of an adverse outcome is increased against a background with other possible nosological forms. In particular, the combination of peripheral atherosclerosis with diabetes mellitus very often manifests itself in the form of a multilevel lesion of the lower limb arteries. The treatment of such patients is very difficult, since the use of only open or endovascular approaches has its own contraindications and limitations, and cannot be used throughout the course of the lesion. The way out of this situation is the use of a hybrid approach, which consists in the combination of an open surgical reconstruction on the upper floors of the lesion and balloon angioplasty on the arteries of the lower leg. This approach allows you to use the advantages of both methods and achieve good results of treatment. The article presents the experience of treatment using a hybrid approach in elderly and senile patients with multilevel lesion of the lower limb arteries on the background of diabetes mellitus.

[Modern look at endovascular treatment bleeding the gastrointestinal tract in elderly patients.]

A literature review of the publications of foreign authors on the treatment of non-varicose bleeding from the upper gastrointestinal tract of elderly and senile patients is presented. The authors showed a modern view of the possibilities of endovascular hemostasis in comparison with a surgical operation with inefficiency of endoscopic hemostasis and characterized patients in whom it is possible this will be most effective.

Third harmonic generation from graphene lying on different substrates: optical-phonon resonances and interference effects.

Graphene is a nonlinear material which can be used as a saturable absorber, frequency mixer and frequency multiplier. We theoretically study the third harmonic generation from graphene lying on different dielectric (dispersionless or polar) substrates, metalized or non-metalized on the back side. We show that the third harmonic intensity emitted from graphene lying on a substrate, can be increased by orders of magnitude as compared to the isolated graphene, due the LO-phonon resonances in a polar dielectric or due to the interference effects in the substrates metalized on the back side. In some frequency intervals, the presence of the polar dielectric substrate compensates the strongly decreasing with ω frequency dependence of the third-order conductivity of graphene making the response almost frequency independent. Our results can be used for the development of graphene based frequency multipliers operating in microwave through infrared frequencies.

Substrate specificity of E. coli uridine phosphorylase. Further evidences of high-syn conformation of the substrate in uridine phosphorolysis.

Twenty five uridine analogues have been tested and compared with uridine with respect to their potency to bind to E. coli uridine phosphorylase. The kinetic constants of the phosphorolysis reaction of uridine derivatives modified at 2'-, 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety and 2-, 4-, 5- and 6-positions of the heterocyclic base were determined. The absence of the 2'- or 5'-hydroxyl group is not crucial for the successful binding and phosphorolysis. On the other hand, the absence of both the 2'- and 5'-hydroxyl groups leads to the loss of substrate binding to the enzyme. The same effect was observed when the 3'-hydroxyl group is absent, thus underlining the key role of this group. Our data shed some light on the mechanism of ribo- and 2'-deoxyribonucleoside discrimination by E. coli uridine phosphorylase and E. coli thymidine phosphorylase. A comparison of the kinetic results obtained in the present study with the available X-ray structures and analysis of hydrogen bonding in the enzyme-substrate complex demonstrates that uridine adopts an unusual high-syn conformation in the active site of uridine phosphorylase.

Inhibition of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase by Nucleic Acid Metabolite 7-Methylguanine.

The ability of 7-methylguanine, a nucleic acid metabolite, to inhibit poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 (PARP-1) and poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-2 (PARP-2) has been identified in silico and studied experimentally. The amino group at position 2 and the methyl group at position 7 were shown to be important substituents for the efficient binding of purine derivatives to PARPs. The activity of both tested enzymes, PARP-1 and PARP-2, was suppressed by 7-methylguanine with IC50 values of 150 and 50 µM, respectively. At the PARP inhibitory concentration, 7-methylguanine itself was not cytotoxic, but it was able to accelerate apoptotic death of BRCA1-deficient breast cancer cells induced by cisplatin and doxorubicin, the widely used DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic agents. 7-Methylguanine possesses attractive predictable pharmacokinetics and an adverse-effect profile and may be considered as a new additive to chemotherapeutic treatment.

[Biodegradablescaffolds based on chitosan: Preparation, properties, and use for the cultivation of animal cells].

The influence of the conditions of the formation of chitosan hydrogels crosslinked with glutaraldehyde (GA) or genipin (the polysaccharide molecular weight, pH level, and concentration of the chitosan solution) on the gel time and the properties of biopolymer scaffolds for tissue engineering obtained by the freeze-drying of hydrogels was studied. The resulting scaffolds had different structures (morphology, degree of anisotropy, average pore size) and moisture-retaining capacities. The cytotoxicity of biodegradable scaffolds based on chitosan with a low content of genipin and GA was studied for the first time. Using the L929 mouse fibroblasts model line, we demonstrated that scaffolds based on chitosan with a molecular weight of 320 and 190 kDa crosslinked with genipin and GA (0.005 and 0.01 mol/mol of chitosan amino groups) are biocompatible. Using confocal laser microscopy, we demonstrated that the cells are uniformly distributed in all scaffold samples and they successfully grew and proliferated when cultured in vitro for 4 days.

Widely Tunable Two-Color Free-Electron Laser on a Storage Ring.

With a wide wavelength tuning range, free-electron lasers (FELs) are well suited for producing simultaneous lasing at multiple wavelengths. We present the first experimental results of a novel two-color storage ring FEL. With three undulators and a pair of dual-band mirrors, the two-color FEL can lase simultaneously in infrared (IR) around 720 nm and in ultraviolet (UV) around 360 nm. We have demonstrated independent wavelength tuning in a wide range (60 nm in IR and 24 nm in UV). We have also realized two-color harmonic operation with the UV lasing tuned to the second harmonic of the IR lasing. Furthermore, we have demonstrated good power stability with two-color lasing, and good control of the power sharing between the two colors.

[HYBRID REVASCULIZATION AS METHOD OF SURGICAL TREATMENT OF ISCHEMIC CORONARY DISEASE IN NUMEROUS LESIONS OF CORONARY BED].

Hybrid revasculization of myocardium combined the advantages of mammary-coronary bypass surgery and coronary arteries stenting. It presented itself as a perspective direction in treatment of ischemic coronary disease. The article provides the results of comparison of usage of hybrid revasculization of myocardium and aortocoronary bypass in 71 patients with multivessel coronary artery disease. The data obtained indicated, that hybrid approach allowed complete revasculization of the myocardium (as in case of aortocoronary bypass), fast recovery of the patient, shortening a hospital stay due to decrease of intra- and postoperative complications.

[Treatment of elderly patients with combination of coronary artery disease and aortic valve pathology].

Increasingly, there are patients with concomitant coronary artery disease and aortic valve, especially in elderly patients, who often have severe comorbidities and high surgical risk, which is undoubtedly a certain effect on the choice of method and tactics of treatment. Today, there are several approaches to the treatment of patients in this category, and all of them have certain advantages and disadvantages.

[Plastic reconstruction of soft tissue defects of extremities resulted from gunshot with the help of triangular flap].

Plastic reconstruction of soft tissue defects of extremities' resulted from gunshot with the help of triangular flap. The authors suggested an original technique of plastic surgery of round and oval-shaped gunshot wounds of soft tissues with the use. of triangular flap. The core of technique is to move triangular skin flap in the form of the letter <> and <>. By moving this flap, as well as stretching and displacement of surrounding tissue. It is possible to close the occured defect. The authors describe 32 surgical interventions on the upper and lower limbs in 21 wounded, defect size ranged from 2x2 cm to 12x18 cm. Closure of defects was performed during the period from 5 to 22 days after injury. As a result of the treatment the primary wound healing was observed in 87,5% of cases. In 12,5% of the wounded was observed marginal necrosis that healed after the second intervention. and didn't require repeated plastic reconstruction. Patients didn't get rough tightening scars affecting joint movement after the ·plastic reconstruction. All patients achieved good cosmetic and functional results. The proposed method-has several advantages over dermatomal plastic reconstruction, and before transplanting islet skin-facial flap in free and non-free versions. It is technically easier and does not require special software and tools.

Nonlinear electromagnetic response of a uniform electron gas.

The linear electromagnetic response of a uniform electron gas to a longitudinal electric field is determined, within the self-consistent-field theory, by the linear polarizability and the Lindhard dielectric function. Using the same approach, we derive analytical expressions for the second- and third-order nonlinear polarizabilities of the three-, two-, and one-dimensional homogeneous electron gases with the parabolic electron energy dispersion. The results are valid both for degenerate (Fermi) and nondegenerate (Boltzmann) electron gases. A resonant enhancement of the second- and third-harmonics generation due to a combination of the single-particle and collective (plasma) resonances is predicted.

[Mistakes and complications in internal osteosynthesis in patients with fractures of long bones].

Authors analyzed unsatisfied anatomical and functional treatment results of 118 patients after the internal osteosynthesis for fractures of long bones of extremities, which required ion performed revision surgery. Patients were examined clinically and instrumental before revision osteosynthesis, in short-term and long-term period after the operation. Authors systemized revealed mistakes into 4 groups and found out that the most frequent were tactical and technical (84.7%) mistakes, much less--diagnostic and organizational. Developed algorithm of preoperative evaluation, planning, technology, revision reconstructive operations allowed shortening recover time of anatomy and function to the average in 92.6% of patients.

[Endovascular treatment of bifurcation lesions of the coronary arteries in elderly patients: a literature review N-2].

Intervention in bifurcation coronary arteries disease is complicated kind of endovascular treatment of coronary heart disease, especially in patients of elderly and senile age. Recently, in the practice of the operating surgeon there is a large choice of bifurcation coronary artery stents. This report contains the views, features and shortcomings of the presented bifurcation structures. Despite the fact that in the Russian Federation bifurcation stents are rarely implanted, their use can greatly simplify and accelerate interventional procedures, along with the decrease of peri- and postoperative complications.

[Endovascular treatment of bifurcation lesions of the coronary arteries in patients of elderly age: a review of the literature No 1].

Stenting of coronary artery bifurcation lesions is one of the most difficult types of interventional procedures for coronary heart disease. The frequency of coronary artery bifurcation lesion occurs up to 20%. The article reflects a wide variety of types of classifications of coronary bifurcations compared with the basic classification for A. Medina. Having considered the arts of bifurcations stenting, from a provisional Tstenting to complex procedures culote and crush stenting, we advocate the use of bifurcation structures, especially in elderly and senile.