ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to analyse the bidirectional hypothesis between stress and multiple sclerosis with several measures of stress, impairment and functionality, considering also the interaction role of stress-related psychosocial factors such as anxiety, coping and social support. METHODS: A one-year follow-up was conducted with 26 people with multiple sclerosis. Participants reported i) at baseline, anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), and social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support); ii) daily, Ecological Momentary Assessment through self-reported diaries of stressful events and coping strategies; iii) monthly, the perceived stress (Perceived Stress Scale), iv) trimonthly, the self-reported functionality (Functionality Assessment in multiple sclerosis) and v) at baseline and at the end, neurologist rated impairment (Expanded Disability Status Scale). Mixed-effect regression models were conducted. RESULTS: The bidirectional hypothesis was confirmed with perceived stress and self-reported functionality, which were negatively related in both directions. Coping and anxiety showed an interaction effect: active coping increased functionality only with high levels of stress, and high-trait anxiety showed lower functionality whereas low-trait anxiety showed higher functionality but only with low stress levels. CONCLUSION: People with multiple sclerosis may benefit from different types of psychological therapies, from gold-standard therapies like Cognitive Behavioural Therapy to third-waves therapies like Dialectical Behaviour Therapy or mindfulness, that focus on dealing with stress and affective symptoms, adjusting to the disease, and to improving their overall quality of life. More research is needed in this field under the biopsychosocial model.
Subject(s)
Adaptation, Psychological , Anxiety , Coping Skills , Multiple Sclerosis , Social Support , Stress, Psychological , Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Anxiety/etiology , Anxiety/physiopathology , Anxiety/psychology , Ecological Momentary Assessment , Mindfulness , Multiple Sclerosis/complications , Multiple Sclerosis/physiopathology , Multiple Sclerosis/psychology , Regression Analysis , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Stress, Psychological/physiopathology , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Adaptation, Psychological/physiologyABSTRACT
AIMS: The main aim of the present review was to update the available evidence on the value interest of post-competition recovery strategies in male professional or semi-professional soccer players to determine its effect on post-game performance outcomes, physiological markers, and wellness indicators. METHODS: A structured search was carried out following the PRISMA guidelines using six online databases: Pubmed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, Web of Science, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. The risk of bias was completed following the Cochrane Collaboration Guidelines. Meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were conducted to determine the between and within-group effects of different recovery strategies on performance, physiological markers and wellness data. Final meta-analyses were performed using the random-effects model and pooled standardized mean differences (SMD). RESULTS: Five randomized controlled trials that used Compression Garments (n = 3), Cold Water Immersion (n = 1), and acute Sleep Hygiene Strategy (n = 1) were included. Greater CMJ values at 48h for the intervention group (SMD = 0.70; 95% CI 0.14 to 1.25; p = 0.001; I2 = 10.4%) were found. For the 20-m sprint and MVC, the results showed no difference either at 24h or 48h. For physiological markers (CK and CRP) and wellness data (DOMS), small to large SMD were present in favor of the intervention group both at 24h (-0.12 to -1.86) and 48h (-0.21 to -0.85). No heterogeneity was present, except for MVC at 24h (I2 = 90.4%; p = 0.0012) and CALF DOMS at 48h (I2 = 93.7%; p = 0.013). CONCLUSION: The use of recovery strategies offers significant positive effects only in jumping performance (CMJ), with no effects on the 20-m sprint or MVC. Also, the use of recovery strategies offers greater positive effects on muscle damage (physiological markers and wellness data), highlighting the importance of post-match recovery strategies in soccer.
Subject(s)
Athletic Performance/physiology , Soccer/physiology , Case-Control Studies , Humans , Male , Muscle Contraction/physiology , Publication Bias , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Risk , Time FactorsABSTRACT
Introducción. El objetivo del presente estudio es describir el perfil de las muertes por suicidio en la comarca de Osona (Barcelona) durante el período 2013-2015 y analizar la aplicación de la técnica autopsia psicológica (AP). Material y métodos. El diseño es retrospectivo a partir del registro de suicidios (n=31). La muestra de la AP (n=14) estuvo formada por familiares y personas adultas próximas al fallecido, reclutadas a través del registro del Consorci Hospitalari de Vic. Se utilizó el método de la AP mediante la Semi-Structured Interview for Psychological Autopsy (SSIPA), una entrevista semiestructurada adaptada y validada al español (García-Caballero et al., 2010). Resultados. El perfil mayoritario de las muertes por suicidio corresponde a varones, casados, sin antecedentes psiquiátricos que utilizaron métodos como el ahorcamiento o el arrollamiento por tren. En la submuestra en que se realizó la AP se observa que los factores precipitantes o motivadores están relacionados con problemas a nivel social, familiar y de salud. La prevalencia de psicopatologías diagnosticadas no fue mayoritaria, pero se detectaron rasgos de personalidad vulnerables. En muchos casos hubo preparativos y verbalizaciones previas respecto a sus intenciones, por lo que se deduce que la decisión fue tomada de forma premeditada y no impulsiva. Conclusiones. La AP representa una herramienta eficaz para la obtención de datos relativos al suicidio que pueden ser relevantes y útiles en el diseño y la implementación de programas de prevención, ayudando a detectar la idiosincrasia particular de cada región y permitiendo una mayor adaptación e individualización de dichos programas (AU)
Introduction. The aim of the present study is to describe the pattern of suicide deaths in the region of Osona (Barcelona) during the period 2013-2015, and to analyse the use of the Psychological Autopsy (PA) method. Material and methods. It is a retrospective design using the suicide deaths register (n=31). The PA sample (n=14) was composed of adult relatives and close friends, recruited from the Consorci Hospitalari de Vic. The PA method was performed using the Semi-Structured Interview for Psychological Autopsy (SSIPA), adapted and validated to the Spanish language (García-Caballero et al., 2010). Results. The main profile was of a male, married, with no psychiatric history, and used methods like hanging or being running over by a train. In the sub-sample on which the PA was carried out, it was observed that the main precipitating or motivating factors were those related to social, family, and health problems. The prevalence of diagnosed psychopathologies was not a majority profile, but vulnerable personality traits were found. As most of the cases showed previous preparations and verbalisations regarding their intention, it can be concluded that the decision was not impulsive but deliberate. Conclusions. The PA method is an efficient tool to describe and obtain data about suicide that may be relevant and useful in the design and implementation of prevention programs. Moreover, it may help to perceive the individual characteristics of each region promoting a better adjustment and individualisation of these programs (AU)
