Surgical treatment of sacral pressure injury in ambulating patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: A prospective cohort with complications analysis and elaboration of a surgical treatment protocol.

BACKGROUND: The sudden increase of intensive care unit patients during the coronavirus pandemic led to an increase in the incidence of sacral pressure lesions. Despite being ambulating patients, in many cases the lesions were deep (Grade III and IV), mainly due to the long-term intubation and being bedridden during the pandemic. Most of these wounds necessitated surgical repair. OBJECTIVES: To measure the success and the rate of complications in reconstructions of grade III and IV hospital acquired sacral pressure lesions in ambulating patients after hospitalization for COVID-19. Developing a well-established protocol for surgical treatment of hospital acquired sacral pressure lesions during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: Prospective cohort involving ambulating patients with grades III and IV sacral pressure lesions developed after hospitalization for COVID-19 from May 2020 to August 2020 (4 months). All of them were submitted to reconstruction with fasciocutaneous flaps. Demographics, comorbidities, and preoperative laboratory tests were compared and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression was made in order to identify risk factors for complications. RESULTS: Thirty-eight patients were submitted to fasciocutaneous flaps to repair sacral pressure lesions with a total complication rate of 36.0%. Hemoglobin levels lower than 9.0 mg/dl (p = 0,01), leukocyte levels higher than 11.000/mm3 (p = 0,1), and C Reactive protein levels higher than 142 mg/dl (p = 0,06) at the time of reconstruction and bilateral flaps were independent factors for complications. CONCLUSION: Specific preoperative laboratory tests and surgical techniques were associated with a statistically significant increased complication risk. It was established a protocol for surgical treatment of hospital-acquired sacral pressure lesions to diminish these risks, focusing on ambulating patients during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Surgical treatment of sacral pressure wounds in patients with COVID-19: A case series.

INTRODUCTION: The COVID 19 pandemic has resulted in an increased number of patients requiring intubation and intensive care. This has led to an increased incidence of sacral pressure ulcers requiring surgical management. We report our experience of COVID 19 related sacral pressure ulcers requiring surgical reconstruction. METHODS: A case series study was performed with 12 patients who presented grade IV sacral pressure ulcers after hospitalization for COVID-19 in a single institution. The mean age was 49.8 years and the most frequent comorbidities were arterial hypertension, diabetes and obesity, each present in 6 patients. All of them were submitted to surgical reconstruction with fasciocutaneous flaps after improvement of their clinical status. Follow up time was of at least 30 days after reconstruction. Preoperative laboratory tests and surgical outcomes were compared to data available in the literature. RESULTS: No major dehiscence was observed and minor dehiscence happened in 2 cases (16.7%). Out of the 12 patients, 8 (66.7%) had hemoglobin levels less than 10.0 and 5 (41.7%) had albumin levels less than 3.0, though this did not lead to a higher rate of complications. CONCLUSION: This study showed that ambulating patients with grade IV pressure ulcer after COVID- 19 infection may undergo debridement, negative-pressure wound therapy and closure with local flaps with adequate results and minimal complication rate.

REVERSE SURAL FLAP FOR LOWER LIMB RECONSTRUCTION.

Introduction: Reconstruction of distal wounds in lower extremities can be challenging due to the lack of tissue to perform local flaps. Fasciocutaneous and muscular flaps are some options for coverage, such as the reverse-flow fasciocutaneous sural flap. Objective: To present an 18-month experience on ankle, calcaneus, and foot reconstruction using the reverse-flow sural flap, performed by the Complex Wounds Group of the Plastic Surgery Department of the University of São Paulo Medical School. Methods: An observational, retrospective and descriptive study was performed through data survey on medical records of all patients treated between November 2018 and June 2020. Results: Nine reverse-flow fasciocutaneous sural flaps were performed. All patients were men. The mean age was 38 years old. Five patients had acute wounds for traffic collision, one electrical trauma and three chronic post-traumatic injuries. The ankle was the most common injury site (6), followed by foot (2) and calcaneus (1). Four patients had complications, three of which were partial necrosis and one distal epitheliosis. No case of total necrosis was recorded. The average hospital stay was 30.1 days. Conclusion: The reverse-flow fasciocutaneous sural flap proved to be a viable, reproducible, and reliable option for distal lower limb reconstruction. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

Introdução: Reconstrução de lesões distais de extremidades inferiores podem ser desafiadoras devido à limitação de tecido para retalhos locais. Retalhos fasciocutâneos e musculares são opções, como o retalho fasciocutâneo sural reverso. Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência de 18 meses do Grupo de Feridas Complexas do Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no uso do retalho sural reverso para reconstruções de defeitos em tornozelo, calcâneo e pé. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo e descritivo, com dados de prontuário de todos os casos operados no serviço entre novembro de 2018 e junho de 2020. Resultados: Foram realizados nove retalhos fasciocutâneos sural reverso. Todos os pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 38 anos. Cinco foram vítimas de acidente automobilístico, um de trauma elétrico e três apresentavam sequelas pós-traumáticas. Seis lesões localizadas em tornozelo, dois em pé e um em calcâneo. Quatro pacientes apresentaram complicações, sendo três necroses parciais e uma epiteliólise distal. Não houve perda total de retalho. O tempo médio de hospitalização foi de 30,1 dias. Conclusão: O retalho fasciocutâneo sural reverso mostrou-se uma opção viável, reprodutível e segura para reconstrução de lesões complexas em terço distal de perna e pé. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

Retalho sural reverso como alternativa à reconstrução microcirúrgica de ferimento extenso em pé após queimadura elétrica: relato de caso / Reverse sural flap as an alternative to microsurgical reconstruction of extensive foot wound after electrical burn: case report

Introdução: Apresentar um relato de caso de confecção de retalho sural reverso como alternativa ao retalho microcirúrgico na reconstrução de pé após trauma elétrico. O relato apresentado é de um paciente atendido pelos grupos de Queimaduras e Feridas Complexas do Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, no ano de 2020. Relato de Caso: Paciente masculino, 35 anos, sem comorbidades, vítima de trauma elétrico de alta voltagem (1300V) em domicílio, acometendo membros superiores e inferiores bilateralmente. Devido à gravidade das lesões, foi submetido a amputação transtibial à esquerda e desbridamentos seriados no membro contralateral, resultando em defeito em face medial, hálux e todo dorso do pé direito, com exposição óssea. Devido ao insucesso de reconstrução com retalho microcirúrgico de músculo vasto lateral, optou-se por reconstrução com retalho sural reverso. Evoluiu com necrose distal, sendo necessário novo desbridamento e reavanço do retalho. No seguimento, apresentou evolução favorável, e está em processo de reabilitação. Conclusão: O retalho sural reverso mostrou-se adequado para o tratamento de resgate de lesão extensa em pé após falha da terapia microcirúrgica, oferecendo cobertura estável e ótimo contorno, permitindo, assim, reabilitação satisfatória do paciente.

Introduction: To present a reverse sural flap case report as an alternative to microsurgical flap in foot reconstruction after electrical trauma. The report presented is of a patient treated by the Burns and Complex Wounds groups of the Plastic Surgery Service of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo in 2020. Case Report: Male patient, 35 years old, without comorbidities, victim of high voltage electrical trauma (1300V) at home, affecting upper and lower limbs bilaterally. Due to the severity of the injuries, he underwent left transtibial amputation and serial debridement in the contralateral limb, resulting in a defect in the medial face, hallux and entire dorsum of the right foot, with bone exposure. Due to the failure of reconstruction with a microsurgical flap of the vastus lateralis muscle, reconstruction with a reverse sural flap was chosen. It evolved with distal necrosis, requiring new debridement and re-advancement of the flap. In the follow-up, he presented a favorable evolution and is in the process of rehabilitation. Conclusion: The reverse sural flap proved to be suitable for the salvage treatment of extensive foot injuries after the failure of microsurgical therapy, offering stable coverage and excellent contour, thus allowing satisfactory patient rehabilitation.

Reverse sural flap for lower limb reconstruction / Retalho sural reverso na reconstrução de membros inferiores

ABSTRACT Introduction: Reconstruction of distal wounds in lower extremities can be challenging due to the lack of tissue to perform local flaps. Fasciocutaneous and muscular flaps are some options for coverage, such as the reverse-flow fasciocutaneous sural flap. Objective: To present an 18-month experience on ankle, calcaneus, and foot reconstruction using the reverse-flow sural flap, performed by the Complex Wounds Group of the Plastic Surgery Department of the University of São Paulo Medical School. Methods: An observational, retrospective and descriptive study was performed through data survey on medical records of all patients treated between November 2018 and June 2020. Results: Nine reverse-flow fasciocutaneous sural flaps were performed. All patients were men. The mean age was 38 years old. Five patients had acute wounds for traffic collision, one electrical trauma and three chronic post-traumatic injuries. The ankle was the most common injury site (6), followed by foot (2) and calcaneus (1). Four patients had complications, three of which were partial necrosis and one distal epitheliosis. No case of total necrosis was recorded. The average hospital stay was 30.1 days. Conclusion: The reverse-flow fasciocutaneous sural flap proved to be a viable, reproducible, and reliable option for distal lower limb reconstruction. Level of Evidence IV, Case Series.

RESUMO Introdução: Reconstrução de lesões distais de extremidades inferiores podem ser desafiadoras devido à limitação de tecido para retalhos locais. Retalhos fasciocutâneos e musculares são opções, como o retalho fasciocutâneo sural reverso. Objetivo: Apresentar a experiência de 18 meses do Grupo de Feridas Complexas do Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no uso do retalho sural reverso para reconstruções de defeitos em tornozelo, calcâneo e pé. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo e descritivo, com dados de prontuário de todos os casos operados no serviço entre novembro de 2018 e junho de 2020. Resultados: Foram realizados nove retalhos fasciocutâneos sural reverso. Todos os pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com idade média de 38 anos. Cinco foram vítimas de acidente automobilístico, um de trauma elétrico e três apresentavam sequelas pós-traumáticas. Seis lesões localizadas em tornozelo, dois em pé e um em calcâneo. Quatro pacientes apresentaram complicações, sendo três necroses parciais e uma epiteliólise distal. Não houve perda total de retalho. O tempo médio de hospitalização foi de 30,1 dias. Conclusão: O retalho fasciocutâneo sural reverso mostrou-se uma opção viável, reprodutível e segura para reconstrução de lesões complexas em terço distal de perna e pé. Nível de Evidência IV, Série de Casos.

Avaliação do impacto no atendimento de pacientes com ferimentos descolantes durante a pandemia de COVID-19 em serviço especializado / Assessment of the impact on the care of patients with detaching wounds during the COVID-19 pandemic in a specialized service

■ RESUMO Introdução: A pandemia da COVID-19 foi responsável pelo aumento dos índices de isolamento social, resultando na diminuição de acidentes de trânsito. Traumas em geral estão entre os problemas de saúde pública mais importantes em todo o mundo. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar o impacto do isolamento social na cidade de São Paulo durante a pandemia da COVID-19 nos atendimentos de pacientes com ferimentos descolantes. Métodos: Estudo observacional, retrospectivo e descritivo. Foram revisados todos os prontuários de pacientes atendidos no Pronto Socorro do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP), pelo Grupo de Feridas Complexas do Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica, admitidos por ferimentos descolantes e submetidos a procedimento cirúrgico, no período de abril a junho dos anos de 2019 e 2020. Resultados: Foram incluídos 20 pacientes com ferimentos descolantes em membros inferiores. Em 2019, foram atendidos 14 pacientes, com idade média de 47 anos, sendo 7 vítimas de acidente de trânsito, 5 de atropelamento, 1 de esmagamento e 1 de queda da própria altura. Em 2020, durante a pandemia, foram atendidos 6 pacientes com ferimento descolante, com idade média de 36,16 anos, sendo que 5 foram vítimas de acidentes com motocicletas e 1 de atropelamento. Nenhum paciente apresentou COVID-19. Conclusão: Durante o isolamento social houve redução numérica nos atendimentos de traumas descolantes no período de quarentena.

■ ABSTRACT Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic was responsible for increasing social isolation rates, resulting in a reduction in traffic accidents. Trauma, in general, is among the most important public health problems worldwide. This study aims to evaluate the impact of social isolation in the city of São Paulo during the COVID-19 pandemic on the care of patients with detaching wounds. Methods: Observational, retrospective and descriptive study. All medical records of patients treated at the Emergency Room of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Faculty of Medicine of the University of São Paulo (HCFMUSP), by the Complex Wounds Group of the Plastic Surgery Service, admitted for detaching wounds and undergoing surgical procedures, were reviewed, from April to June of the years 2019 and 2020. Results: Twenty patients with detaching injuries on the lower limbs were included. In 2019, 14 patients were seen, with a mean age of 47 years, 7 of which were victims of traffic accidents, 5 of being run over, 1 of crushing and 1 of falling from standing height. In 2020, 6 patients were treated with detaching wounds during the pandemic, with a mean age of 36.16 years, 5 of which were victims of motorcycle accidents and 1 of being run over. No patient had COVID-19. Conclusion: During social isolation, there was a numerical reduction in care for detaching trauma during the quarantine period.

Complicação grave do uso irregular de silicone industrial em paciente transexual: relato de caso / Severe complication by irregular use of industrial silicone in a transsexual patient: a case report

O uso do silicone líquido industrial como material para modificação estética no contorno corporal é uma prática realizada de forma clandestina há cerca de 60 anos. Atualmente, a maioria dos relatos provém de países da Ásia e América do Sul e as vítimas são principalmente mulheres e transexuais. Devido ao grande número de casos com complicações, o uso do silicone industrial para fins estéticos nunca foi aprovado. Entretanto, continua a ser aplicado isoladamente ou associado a outros produtos, determinando graves complicações locais e sistêmicas. Relata-se um caso de óbito de paciente transexual após injeção de silicone industrial em coxas e glúteos.

The use of industrial liquid silicone as a material for aesthetic modification of body contour is a practice that has been carried out clandestine for about 60 years. Currently, most reports come from countries in Asia and South America, and the victims are mainly women and transsexuals. Due to the large number of cases with complications, the use of industrial silicone for aesthetic purposes has never been approved. However, it continues to be applied alone or associated with other products, determining severe local and systemic complications. We report a case of death of a transsexual patient after injecting industrial silicone in the thighs and buttocks.

Retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço para o tratamento cirúrgico do trauma elétrico da mão: relato de caso / Reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm for the surgical treatment of electric hand trauma: Case report

Introdução: Lesões que acometem as mãos com importante perda cutânea frequentemente requerem retalhos para cobertura precoce, visto que permitem melhor reabilitação. Dentre as opções, o retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço é o mais utilizado para defeitos no dorso da mão e punho, com baixas taxas de complicações. Normalmente, esse retalho não é utilizado para a reconstrução de defeitos em região palmar, já que geralmente não alcança esse local. Relato de caso: Apresentamos o caso de um paciente com queimadura elétrica de terceiro grau, em palma da mão direita, cuja reconstrução foi realizada com o uso do retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço, após debridamentos conservadores, no 14o dia após a queimadura. O paciente apresentou boa evolução pós-operatória, sem complicações ou sequelas funcionais a longo prazo. Conclusão: O retalho interósseo posterior reverso do antebraço permite cobertura adequada de lesões em palma da mão, preservando sua funcionalidade.

Introduction: Lesions affecting the hands with significant skin loss often require flaps for early coverage, as these permit faster healing. Among the various options, the reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm is most commonly used for defects involving the back of the hand and wrist due to low complication rates. Normally, this flap is not used for the reconstruction of defects in the palmar region since its distal reach is insufficient. Case report: We present the case of a male patient with third-degree electrical burns on his right palm, whose reconstruction was performed on the 14th day postinjury using the reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm after conservative debridement. The patient presented good postoperative evolution, without long-term complications or functional sequelae. Conclusion: The reverse posterior interosseous flap of the forearm permits adequate coverage of palm injuries, preserving its functionality.

Complicação grave do uso irregular do PMMA: relato de caso e a situação brasileira atual / Severe complication due to inappropriate use of polymethylmethacrylate: a case report and current status in Brazil

Introdução: Os preenchedores permanentes, apesar de resultados duradouros, são verdadeiros problemas quando causam complicações. No Brasil, o PMMA é um produto aprovado pela Anvisa, mas seu uso extrapola suas indicações, levando a complicações graves. Há mais de uma década, existem recomendações sobre sua restrição, mas casos com consequências graves do seu uso irresponsável são atuais. Objetivo: Relatar complicação grave do uso irregular do PMMA e discutir a realidade brasileira atual baseado em determinações das entidades médicas, assim como dos órgãos reguladores. Métodos: É relatado um caso de necrose extensa da região glútea após a injeção de PMMA por profissional não qualificado e discutida a situação brasileira atual do produto com base nas entidades médicas e revisão da literatura do Brasil. Discussão: Apesar do esforço das entidades médicas, são inúmeros os casos de complicações agudas e crônicas relatados na literatura brasileira. No ano de 2016, foram registradas mais de 17 mil complicações relacionadas ao PMMA, mesmo assim, é difícil estabelecer dados epidemiológicos confiáveis, pois não há controle do número de aplicações, da qualidade do produto utilizado e da capacitação dos profissionais que o utilizam. Conclusão: No Brasil, há um número expressivo de procedimentos reparadores para correção de complicações decorrentes do uso do PMMA. A gravidade do caso relatado traz à tona a necessidade de combate à má prática por profissionais não capacitados, assim como um controle mais rigoroso da comercialização do produto por entidades reguladoras.(AU)

Introduction: Use of permanent fillers can lead to significant complications. In Brazil, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) is a product approved by the Agência Nacional de Vigilância Sanitária (ANVISA), but its use exceeds its indications, leading to serious complications. Recommendations for restricted use have been in place for more than a decade, but cases with serious consequences due to inappropriate use are still seen. Objective: To report a serious complication due to inappropriate use of PMMA and discuss the current status of PMMA use in Brazil based on recommendations of medical societies and regulatory agencies. Methods: This report describes a case of extensive necrosis of the gluteal region after injection of PMMA by a non-qualified practitioner; the report also reviews the literature on the current status of PMMA use in Brazil. Discussion: Despite the efforts of medical societies, acute and chronic complications are still reported in the Brazilian literature. In 2016, more than 17,000 PMMArelated complications were reported; nevertheless, reliable epidemiological data remain unavailable because the number of treatments, the quality of the product, and the training of practitioners remain unregulated. Conclusion: A significant number of repair procedures are performed in Brazil to correct complications resulting from the use of PMMA. The severity of the reported case highlights the need to combat bad practice by untrained professionals, as well as the need for greater control of PMMA marketing by regulatory agencies.(AU)

Surgical treatment of extravasation injuries: experience of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo. / Opções de tratamento cirúrgico em lesões cutâneas por extravasamento acidental de drogas: experiência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP.

OBJECTIVE: to report the experience of the Division of Plastic Surgery of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Medical School of the University of São Paulo in the treatment of cutaneous lesions due to accidental extravasation of drugs. METHODS: we included patients with lesions due to extravasation of drugs over a period of 18 months. We retrospectively evaluated the following parameters: age, diagnoses during hospitalization and comorbidities, serum levels of albumin and hemoglobin, place of hospitalization, drug involved, anatomic segment affected, therapeutic management and death during hospitalization. RESULTS: we followed-up 14 patients. The main drug involved was noradrenaline (21%). All patients underwent debridement of tissue necrosis. Three patients were submitted to flaps after preparation of the wound bed with negative pressure therapy, with good results. Seven patients had no definitive treatment of their lesions due to lack of clinical conditions. CONCLUSION: in patients with favorable clinical conditions, the definitive treatment with flaps was adequate for cases of wounds due to extravasation of drugs in the subcutaneous tissue when there was exposure of noble structures.

OBJETIVO: relatar a experiência da Divisão de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no tratamento de lesões cutâneas por extravasamento acidental de drogas. MÉTODOS: foram incluídos os pacientes com lesões por extravasamento de drogas num período de 18 meses. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados retrospectivamente: idade, diagnósticos durante internação e comorbidades, níveis séricos de albumina e hemoglobina, local de internação, droga envolvida, segmento anatômico acometido, conduta terapêutica e óbito durante internação. RESULTADOS: foram acompanhados 14 pacientes. A principal droga envolvida foi a noradrenalina (21%). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a desbridamento da necrose tecidual. Três pacientes foram submetidos a retalhos após preparo do leito com terapia por pressão negativa, com bons resultados. Sete pacientes não tiveram tratamento definitivo de suas lesões por falta de condições clínicas. CONCLUSÃO: o tratamento definitivo por meio de retalhos se mostrou adequado para os casos de feridas por extravasamento de drogas em tecido subcutâneo, quando há exposição de estruturas nobres, em pacientes com condições clínicas favoráveis.

Opções de tratamento cirúrgico em lesões cutâneas por extravasamento acidental de drogas: experiência do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da USP / Surgical treatment of extravasation injuries: experience of the Hospital das Clínicas, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência da Divisão de Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo no tratamento de lesões cutâneas por extravasamento acidental de drogas. Métodos: foram incluídos os pacientes com lesões por extravasamento de drogas num período de 18 meses. Os seguintes parâmetros foram avaliados retrospectivamente: idade, diagnósticos durante internação e comorbidades, níveis séricos de albumina e hemoglobina, local de internação, droga envolvida, segmento anatômico acometido, conduta terapêutica e óbito durante internação. Resultados: foram acompanhados 14 pacientes. A principal droga envolvida foi a noradrenalina (21%). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a desbridamento da necrose tecidual. Três pacientes foram submetidos a retalhos após preparo do leito com terapia por pressão negativa, com bons resultados. Sete pacientes não tiveram tratamento definitivo de suas lesões por falta de condições clínicas. Conclusão: o tratamento definitivo por meio de retalhos se mostrou adequado para os casos de feridas por extravasamento de drogas em tecido subcutâneo, quando há exposição de estruturas nobres, em pacientes com condições clínicas favoráveis.

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the experience of the Division of Plastic Surgery of the Hospital das Clínicas of the Medical School of the University of São Paulo in the treatment of cutaneous lesions due to accidental extravasation of drugs. Methods: we included patients with lesions due to extravasation of drugs over a period of 18 months. We retrospectively evaluated the following parameters: age, diagnoses during hospitalization and comorbidities, serum levels of albumin and hemoglobin, place of hospitalization, drug involved, anatomic segment affected, therapeutic management and death during hospitalization. Results: we followed-up 14 patients. The main drug involved was noradrenaline (21%). All patients underwent debridement of tissue necrosis. Three patients were submitted to flaps after preparation of the wound bed with negative pressure therapy, with good results. Seven patients had no definitive treatment of their lesions due to lack of clinical conditions. Conclusion: in patients with favorable clinical conditions, the definitive treatment with flaps was adequate for cases of wounds due to extravasation of drugs in the subcutaneous tissue when there was exposure of noble structures.

Brief hospitalization protocol for pressure ulcer surgical treatment: outpatient care and one-stage reconstruction.

OBJECTIVE: to evaluate a brief hospitalization protocol for the treatment of pressure ulcers, proposed by the Complex Wound Group of Clinical Hospital of University of Sao Paulo Medical School, particularly in regard to selection of patients, hospitalization time, cutaneous covering, complications and sore recurrence. METHODS: retrospective cohort of 20 consecutive patients with 25 pressure lesions Grade IV. All patients were ambulatorily prepared and were hospitalized for surgical one time procedure for pressure lesion closing. RESULTS: in total, 27 flaps were performed to close 25 wounds. Three patients showed minor dehiscence (11.1%). There was no recurrence during the post-surgical follow-up period. No patient suffered a new surgery and no flap showed partial or total necrosis. Median time of hospitalization was 3.6 days (2-6 days) and median follow-up was 91 months (2-28 months). All patients maintained their lesions closed, and there was no recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION: the brief hospitalization protocol was considered adequate for the resolution of pressure wounds, showing an average time of hospitalization of 3.6 days and rate of minor surgical wound dehiscence of 11.1%.

Brief hospitalization protocol for pressure ulcer surgical treatment: outpatient care and one-stage reconstruction / Protocolo de internação breve para tratamento cirúrgico de lesões por pressão: preparo ambulatorial e cobertura em tempo único

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate a brief hospitalization protocol for the treatment of pressure ulcers, proposed by the Complex Wound Group of Clinical Hospital of University of Sao Paulo Medical School, particularly in regard to selection of patients, hospitalization time, cutaneous covering, complications and sore recurrence. Methods: retrospective cohort of 20 consecutive patients with 25 pressure lesions Grade IV. All patients were ambulatorily prepared and were hospitalized for surgical one time procedure for pressure lesion closing. Results: in total, 27 flaps were performed to close 25 wounds. Three patients showed minor dehiscence (11.1%). There was no recurrence during the post-surgical follow-up period. No patient suffered a new surgery and no flap showed partial or total necrosis. Median time of hospitalization was 3.6 days (2-6 days) and median follow-up was 91 months (2-28 months). All patients maintained their lesions closed, and there was no recurrence during follow-up. Conclusion: the brief hospitalization protocol was considered adequate for the resolution of pressure wounds, showing an average time of hospitalization of 3.6 days and rate of minor surgical wound dehiscence of 11.1%.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar o protocolo de internação breve para tratamento de lesões por pressão, em vigência no Grupo de Feridas Complexas do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, com ênfase na seleção do paciente, no tempo de internação, na cobertura cutânea realizada, nas complicações e nas recidivas das lesões. Métodos: coorte retrospectiva de 20 pacientes consecutivos com 25 lesões por pressão Grau IV. Todos os pacientes foram preparados em ambulatório e foram internados para fechamento cirúrgico da lesão por pressão em cirurgia única. Resultados: no total foram confeccionados 27 retalhos para cobertura de 25 feridas abordadas. Foram verificados três casos (11,1%) de deiscências menores. Não foi observada recidiva no período de seguimento pós-operatório. Nenhum paciente foi reoperado e nenhum retalho sofreu necrose parcial ou total. O tempo de internação médio foi de 3,6 dias (dois a seis dias) e o seguimento foi de 9,1 meses, em média, oscilando entre dois e 18 meses. Todos os pacientes permaneceram com a lesão fechada e nenhum deles apresentou recidiva da lesão durante o seguimento. Conclusão: o protocolo de internação breve para resolução de lesões por pressão foi considerado adequado, com curto tempo de internação e baixos índices de deiscência de ferida cirúrgica.

Initial experience with negative-pressure wound therapy with instillation in complex wounds. / Experiência inicial com terapia por pressão negativa por instilação em feridas complexas.

OBJECTIVE: to report the initial experience with Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy with instillation in infected or contaminated complex wounds. METHODS: the negative-pressure wound therapy with instillation used was V.A.C. Ulta with Veraflo instillation (Kinetic Concepts, Inc). The mode of operation was continuous with negative pressure set at 125 mmHg for two hours and instillation between the pauses. The instillation time was 20 minutes (contact time of the topical agent with the wound) and the instilled substance was 0.9% normal saline. After adequate preparation of the wound, it was covered with graft or flap. RESULTS: ten patients with complex or contaminated wounds were operated on. The mean number of NPWTi changes was 1.4, the mean number of surgeries was 2.4, the interval until complete wound coverage was 6.3 days, and the interval up to the time of discharge was 11.4 days. CONCLUSION: the comparison of the negative-pressure wound therapy with instillation with two previous studies (historical control) evidenced a shorter hospitalization time, favoring TPNi. This study had an initial character, making it necessary to conduct a randomized and controlled trial to confirm the efficacy of this therapy and verify its cost-effectiveness.

OBJETIVO: relatar a experiência inicial com a terapia por pressão negativa por instilação em feridas complexas infectadas ou contaminadas. MÉTODOS: a terapia por pressão negativa por instilação utilizada foi o V.A.C. Ulta com instilação Veraflo (Kinetic Concepts, Inc). O modo de operação foi contínuo com pressão sub-atmosférica ajustada em 125 mmHg por duas horas e instilação entre as pausas. O tempo de instilação foi de 20 minutos (tempo de contato do agente tópico com a ferida) e a substância instilada foi solução salina padrão a 0,9%. Após obtenção de preparo adequado da ferida, ela foi coberta com enxerto ou retalho. RESULTADOS: foram operados dez pacientes com feridas complexas contaminadas ou infectadas. O número médio de trocas da TPNi foi 1,4, o número médio total de cirurgias foi de 2,4, o intervalo até a cobertura da ferida foi de 6,3 dias e o intervalo até a alta foi de 11,4 dias. CONCLUSÃO: a comparação da terapia por pressão negativa por instilação com dois estudos prévios (controle histórico) evidenciou um tempo de internação menor, favorecendo a TPNi. Este estudo teve um caráter inicial, fazendo-se necessário conduzir um trabalho randomizado e controlado para confirmar a eficácia desta terapia e verificar a sua custo-efetividade.

Experiência inicial com terapia por pressão negativa por instilação em feridas complexas / Initial experience with negative-pressure wound therapy with instillation in complex wounds

RESUMO Objetivo: relatar a experiência inicial com a terapia por pressão negativa por instilação em feridas complexas infectadas ou contaminadas. Métodos: a terapia por pressão negativa por instilação utilizada foi o V.A.C. Ulta com instilação Veraflo (Kinetic Concepts, Inc). O modo de operação foi contínuo com pressão sub-atmosférica ajustada em 125 mmHg por duas horas e instilação entre as pausas. O tempo de instilação foi de 20 minutos (tempo de contato do agente tópico com a ferida) e a substância instilada foi solução salina padrão a 0,9%. Após obtenção de preparo adequado da ferida, ela foi coberta com enxerto ou retalho. Resultados: foram operados dez pacientes com feridas complexas contaminadas ou infectadas. O número médio de trocas da TPNi foi 1,4, o número médio total de cirurgias foi de 2,4, o intervalo até a cobertura da ferida foi de 6,3 dias e o intervalo até a alta foi de 11,4 dias. Conclusão: a comparação da terapia por pressão negativa por instilação com dois estudos prévios (controle histórico) evidenciou um tempo de internação menor, favorecendo a TPNi. Este estudo teve um caráter inicial, fazendo-se necessário conduzir um trabalho randomizado e controlado para confirmar a eficácia desta terapia e verificar a sua custo-efetividade.

ABSTRACT Objective: to report the initial experience with Negative-Pressure Wound Therapy with instillation in infected or contaminated complex wounds. Methods: the negative-pressure wound therapy with instillation used was V.A.C. Ulta with Veraflo instillation (Kinetic Concepts, Inc). The mode of operation was continuous with negative pressure set at 125 mmHg for two hours and instillation between the pauses. The instillation time was 20 minutes (contact time of the topical agent with the wound) and the instilled substance was 0.9% normal saline. After adequate preparation of the wound, it was covered with graft or flap. Results: ten patients with complex or contaminated wounds were operated on. The mean number of NPWTi changes was 1.4, the mean number of surgeries was 2.4, the interval until complete wound coverage was 6.3 days, and the interval up to the time of discharge was 11.4 days. Conclusion: the comparison of the negative-pressure wound therapy with instillation with two previous studies (historical control) evidenced a shorter hospitalization time, favoring TPNi. This study had an initial character, making it necessary to conduct a randomized and controlled trial to confirm the efficacy of this therapy and verify its cost-effectiveness.

Coverage of Deep Cutaneous Wounds Using Dermal Template in Combination with Negative-pressure Therapy and Subsequent Skin Graft.

BACKGROUND: We consider the use of dermal matrix associated with a skin graft to cover deep wounds in the extremities when tendon and bone are exposed. The objective of this article was to evaluate the efficacy of covering acute deep wounds through the use of a dermal regeneration template (Integra) associated with vacuum therapy and subsequent skin grafting. METHODS: Twenty patients were evaluated prospectively. All of them had acute (up to 3 weeks) deep wounds in the limbs. We consider a deep wound to be that with exposure of bone, tendon, or joint. RESULTS: The average area of integration of the dermal regeneration template was 86.5%. There was complete integration of the skin graft over the dermal matrix in 14 patients (70%), partial integration in 5 patients (25%), and total loss in 1 case (5%). The wound has completely closed in 95% of patients. CONCLUSIONS: The use of Integra dermal template associated with negative-pressure therapy and skin grafting showed an adequate rate of resolution of deep wounds with low morbidity.

Sensory testing in patients with hemodialysis-associated carpal tunnel syndrome submitted to surgical decompression.

BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common compression neuropathy of the upper limb. Close to 5% of patients with chronic renal failure who need hemodialysis present CTS. Clinical history and physical examination remain the most adequate tools for diagnosis, and there is still controversy regarding the most reliable test to complement it. Evaluation of sensory thresholds using Pressure-Specified Sensory Device (PSSD) has become an important instrumental test. METHOD: This study aimed to determine the values of pressure sensory thresholds using the PSSD before and after treatment of CTS in a special group of patients who underwent chronic hemodialysis. The PSSD incorporates a pressure transducer linked to a computer capable of measuring the cutaneous pressure thresholds referred by the patient. Two groups were compared as follows: group 1, patients with hemodialysis-related CTS; and group 2, CTS in non-hemodialysis patients. The following measurements were assessed: static one point, moving one point, static two points, and moving two points. RESULTS: There was improvement (lower thresholds) in the postoperative measurements in all parameters assessed in group 1, and improvements in all parameters except the moving one point test in group 2. CONCLUSIONS: Nerve decompression, as expected, can be considered a good treatment of CTS even in more severe cases as in those patients under hemodialysis. The PSSD tests were reliable to confirm the diagnosis and thus to indicate the decompression. It is even more beneficial to provide a comparison between preoperative and postoperative data and different causes of CTS.

Negative pressure wound therapy in complex trauma of perineum.

OBJECTIVE: To review the experience (2011 and 2012) of Wound Center of Plastic Surgery Service, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, with treatment of complex traumatic wounds in the perineal region with the association of negative pressure wound therapy followed by a surgical skin coverage procedure. METHODS: This was retrospective analysis of ten patients with complex wound in the perineum resulting from trauma assisted by the Department of Plastic Surgery in HC-USP. Negative pressure was used as an alternative for improving local conditions, seeking definitive treatment with skin grafts or flaps. RESULTS: Negative pressure was used to prepare the wound bed. In patients, the mean time of use of negative pressure system was 25.9 days, with dressing changes every 4.6 days. After negative pressure therapy, 11 local flaps were performed in nine patients, with fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap used in four of these. Mean hospital stay was 58.2 days and accompaniment in Plastic Surgery was 40.5 days. CONCLUSION: The use of negative pressure therapy led to improvement of local wound conditions faster than traditional dressings, without significant complications, proving to be the current best alternative as an adjunct for the treatment of this type of injury, always followed by surgical reconstruction with grafts and flaps.

Uso da terapia por pressão subatmosférica em feridas traumáticas agudas / Subatmospheric pressure therapy in the treatment of traumatic soft tissue injuries

OBJETIVO: avaliar a experiência com o emprego de terapia por pressão subatmosférica no tratamento das lesões traumáticas agudas das partes moles, em especial nos membros. MÉTODOS: cento e setenta e oito pacientes com feridas traumáticas foram tratados pelo Centro de Feridas Complexas no período de janeiro de 2010 a dezembro de 2011 e, submetidos à terapia por pressão subatmosférica. RESULTADOS: dos 178 pacientes submetidos à terapia por pressão subatmosférica, 129 (72,5%) eram do sexo masculino e 49 (27,5%) apresentavam idade entre 18 e 40 anos. Os ferimentos descolantes nos membros foram o tipo de ferida traumática mais comum, sendo responsáveis pela internação de 83 (46,6%) pacientes. O tempo médio de internação hospitalar foi 17,5 dias. Foram realizados 509 procedimentos cirúrgicos (média de 2,9 por paciente). A terapia por pressão subatmosférica foi utilizada em 287 procedimentos, sendo 209 (72,8%) sobre feridas traumáticas e 78 (27,2%) sobre enxertos de pele. O número de trocas de terapia por pressão negativa por paciente foi 1,6 e o tempo médio de utilização foi 8,5 dias por paciente. CONCLUSÃO: os resultados foram considerados satisfatórios, diminuindo consideravelmente a morbidade e o tempo de cicatrização dessas lesões em comparação com tratamentos anteriormente executados como curativos. A terapia por pressão subatmosférica é um método útil no tratamento de feridas agudas traumáticas, atuando como ponte entre o tratamento de urgência e a cobertura cutânea definitiva destas lesões, em comparação com métodos mais tradicionais da cirurgia plástica.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of subatmospheric pressure therapy in the treatment of acute traumatic injuries of the soft tissues, especially in the limbs. METHODS: One hundred and seventy-eight patients with traumatic wounds were treated by the Center for Complex Wounds in the period from January 2010 to December 2011, and submitted to subatmospheric pressure therapy (SPT). RESULTS: Of the 178 patients who underwent SPT, 129 (72.5%) were male and 49 (27.5%) were aged between 18 and 40 years. Degloving injuries to the limbs were the most common type of traumatic wounds, being responsible for the hospitalization of 83 (46.6%) patients. Mean hospital stay was 17.5 days. A total of 509 procedures were performed (average 2.9 per patient). SPT was used in 287procedures, 209 (72.8%) on traumatic wounds and 78 (27.2%) of skin grafts. The number of exchanges of the SPT apparel per patient was 1.6 and the mean time of use, 8.5 days. CONCLUSION: SPT significantly reduced morbidity and healing time of injuries when compared with previously performed dressing treatments. The subatmospheric pressure therapy is a useful method in treating acute traumatic wounds, acting as a bridge between the emergency treatment and the final coverage of the skin lesions, being better when compared with more traditional methods of plastic surgery.

Terapia por pressão negativa na ferida traumática complexa do períneo / Negative pressure wound therapy in complex trauma of perineum

OBJETIVO: rever a experiência (2011 e 2012) do Centro de Feridas da Cirurgia Plástica do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo com tratamento de feridas traumáticas complexas na região perineal, pela associação da terapia com pressão negativa seguida de procedimento cirúrgico para cobertura cutânea. MÉTODOS: análise retrospectiva de dez pacientes com ferida complexa no períneo consequente a traumatismo atendidas pelo Serviço de Cirurgia Plástica no HC-FMUSP. A terapia por pressão negativa foi utilizada como alternativa para melhoria das condições locais visando o tratamento definitivo com enxertos de pele ou retalhos. RESULTADOS: a terapia por pressão negativa foi empregada para o preparo do leito da ferida. Nos pacientes atendidos, o tempo médio de utilização do sistema de pressão negativa foi 25,9 dias, com trocas de curativos a cada 4,6 dias. Após a terapia por pressão negativa, foram realizados 11 retalhos locais em nove pacientes, com o retalho fáscio-cutâneo antero-lateral da coxa utilizado em quatro destes pacientes. O tempo médio de internação hospitalar foi 58,2 dias e de acompanhamento no Serviço da Cirurgia Plástica foi 40,5 dias. CONCLUSÃO: a utilização da terapia por pressão negativa levou à melhoria das condições locais da ferida mais rapidamente do que curativos tradicionais, sem complicações significativas, demonstrando ser a melhor alternativa adjuvante atualmente para o tratamento deste tipo de lesão, seguida sempre por reconstrução cirúrgica com enxertos e retalhos.

OBJECTIVE: To review the experience (2011 and 2012) of Wound Center of Plastic Surgery Service, Clinics Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, with treatment of complex traumatic wounds in the perineal region with the association of negative pressure wound therapy followed by a surgical skin coverage procedure. METHODS: This was retrospective analysis of ten patients with complex wound in the perineum resulting from trauma assisted by the Department of Plastic Surgery in HC-USP. Negative pressure was used as an alternative for improving local conditions, seeking definitive treatment with skin grafts or flaps. RESULTS: Negative pressure was used to prepare the wound bed. In patients, the mean time of use of negative pressure system was 25.9 days, with dressing changes every 4.6 days. After negative pressure therapy, 11 local flaps were performed in nine patients, with fasciocutaneous anterolateral thigh flap used in four of these. Mean hospital stay was 58.2 days and accompaniment in Plastic Surgery was 40.5 days. CONCLUSION: The use of negative pressure therapy led to improvement of local wound conditions faster than traditional dressings, without significant complications, proving to be the current best alternative as an adjunct for the treatment of this type of injury, always followed by surgical reconstruction with grafts and flaps.