American College of Lifestyle Medicine Expert Consensus Statement: Lifestyle Medicine for Optimal Outcomes in Primary Care.

OBJECTIVE: Identify areas of consensus on integrating lifestyle medicine (LM) into primary care to achieve optimal outcomes. METHODS: Experts in both LM and primary care followed an a priori protocol for developing consensus statements. Using an iterative, online process, panel members expressed levels of agreement with statements, resulting in classification as consensus, near consensus, or no consensus. RESULTS: The panel identified 124 candidate statements addressing: (1) Integration into Primary Care, (2) Delivery Models, (3) Provider Education, (4) Evidence-base for LM, (5) Vital Signs, (6) Treatment, (7) Resource Referral and Reimbursement, (8) Patient, Family, and Community Involvement; Shared Decision-Making, (9) Social Determinants of Health and Health Equity, and (10) Barriers to LM. After three iterations of an online Delphi survey, statement revisions, and removal of duplicative statements, 65 statements met criteria for consensus, 24 for near consensus, and 35 for no consensus. Consensus was reached on key topics that included LM being recognized as an essential component of primary care in patients of all ages, including LM as a foundational element of health professional education. CONCLUSION: The practice of LM in primary care can be strengthened by applying these statements to improve quality of care, inform policy, and identify areas for future research.

Clinical Biopsychosocial Reflection on Coping With Chronic Illness and Reliance Upon Nutrition Support: An Integrated Healthcare Approach.

Nutrition deficits are common in patients with chronic illnesses reliant upon nutrition support and can contribute to an increase in cognitive deficits that impact treatment adherence and challenge patients' abilities to cope and successfully implement appropriate psychological and psychosocial interventions. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach addresses biological, psychological, and social barriers that help patients, families, and caregivers develop and maintain proper nutrition behaviors that can enhance patients' quality of life and reduce frustration and misunderstandings with medical providers. This article is a review of the literature, and it advances the importance of encompassing a biopsychosocial approach when addressing the needs of individuals with nutrition support needs.

Acceptance of split-dose bowel preparation regimen for colonoscopy by patients and providers.

BACKGROUND: Split-dose bowel preparation (split prep) for colonoscopy has been shown to be superior to conventional dosing (entire dose taken on the evening preceding colonoscopy) and has been endorsed by recent guidelines. A potential limitation is the requirement for patients to wake up early to drink the second half. METHODS: A group of colonoscopy patients, scheduled for morning procedures were surveyed regarding their opinion about a split prep regimen. The survey specifically asked if they would be willing to wake up at 4:00 AM to drink the second half of the preparation. Primary care providers (PCPs) were given a similar survey asking for their opinion about the willingness of their patients to take a split prep regimen. RESULTS: Among the 149 patients surveyed, 95 patients (64%) were willing to wake up early to complete a split prep, whereas 54 (36%) were not. The majority, 65 of 95 (68%) patients, preferred an early morning appointment. Only 3 of 95 (3%) patients preferred an afternoon one. There were no statistically significant differences between patients in favor of a split or conventional preparation, in respect to demographics, family history of colorectal cancer, or prior experience with colonoscopy. A total of 25 of 34 PCPs (74%) answered the survey. Only 14 PCPs (56%) thought their patients would be willing to wake up at 4:00 AM to complete the preparation. CONCLUSIONS: Despite a high level of apprehension among PCPs, the majority of colonoscopy patients seem willing to comply with a split prep. Therefore, split prep should be used whenever possible for colonoscopy.

Pain as a Comorbidity of Pediatric Obesity.

The purpose of this study was to document the prevalence and characteristics of physical pain in a sample of severely obese children and adolescents. In this retrospective chart review, primary measures included current and past pain, pain intensity, and pain characteristics during a 5-minute walk test. Pain assessments for 74 patients (mean age 11.7 years; 53% female; 41% African American) were conducted by a physical therapist. Past pain was reported by 73% of the sample, with 47% reporting pain on the day of program enrollment. Although average pain intensity was moderate (M = 5.5/10), alarmingly, 42% of those with current pain reported severe pain (6/10 to 10/10). Overall, pain occurred primarily in the lower extremities and with physical activity. Patients reporting current pain had a significantly higher body mass index than those reporting no pain. These findings suggest that pain is common in severely obese youth, and furthermore, that pain should be recognized as a comorbidity of pediatric obesity. Routinely screening severely obese children and adolescents for pain presence and intensity is recommended.