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Streptococcus pneumoniae infection is a common respiratory disease in children. Globally,invasive pneumococcal disease(IPD),which is caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae infection,is one of the leading causes of death in children. The use of Streptococcus pneumoniae vaccine has provided protection for children to some extent,but the prevalence of pathogenic and drug-resistant non-vaccine type(NVT)Streptococcus pneumoniae poses a grave threat to children's health. Due to the different use of vaccines and antibiotics in different regions,there are regional variations in the NVT distribution. This paper reviews the pathogenic process of Streptococcus pneumoniae,the mechanism of NVT production,the geographical distribution and the pathogenic condition of NVT,in order to fully understand the pathogenicity and harm of NVT,to provide data support for the adjustment of health strategy,and to provide reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment and future vaccine development and use.
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Objective:To explore the assessment value of quantitative parameters of dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(DCE-MRI)and tumor markers in assessing the curative effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.Methods:A total of 75 patients with breast cancer who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy combined with surgical intervention in Jining No.1 People's Hospital from May 2019 to May 2022 were selected,and they were divided into effective group(54 cases)and ineffective group(21 cases)according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumour(RECIST).The Ve,Kep and Ktrans of DCE-MRI quantitative parameters and CEA,CA125 and CA15-3 levels of tumor markers between two groups were compared before and after chemotherapy,and the receiver operating characteristics(ROC)curve was adopted to analyze the predictive efficiency of each diagnostic method.Results:After chemotherapy,the differences of the Ve,Kep and Ktrans of quantitative parameters between the two groups were significant(t=7.237,51.695,16.879,P<0.05),respectively.The differences of the CEA,CA125 and CA15-3 of tumor markers between two groups were significant(t=44.201,6.736,6.885,P<0.05),respectively.The AUC value of combined prediction of 6 indicators included Ve,Kep,Ktrans,CEA,CA125 and CA15-3 was 0.979 in predicting the curative effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer,which was significantly higher than the AUC value of each alone indicator,and the differences of them were statistically significant(Z=2.993,2.679,2.510,2.731,3.215,3.071,P<0.05),respectively.Conclusion:The combination of tumor markers and DCE-MRI quantitative parameters can better predict the curative effect of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer,which can indirectly assess the prognosis.
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ObjectiveTo explore the clinical effect of Tiaoxin formula in the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease and anxiety/depression and its impact on serum levels of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), β- thromboglobulin (β-TG) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). MethodA total of 66 patients with coronary heart disease and anxiety/depression were randomly divided into the Tiaoxin formula group and Deanxit group, 33 cases in each group. Both groups were given fundamental western treatment for coronary heart disease. Additionally, the Deanxit group was treated with flupentixol and melitracen tablets and the Tiaoxin formula group was treated with Tiaoxin Formula. The treatment lasted 8 weeks. Before and after treatment, the changes of clinical efficacy, Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7) scale, Seattle Angina Questionnaire (SAQ), heart rate variability, and serum 5-HT, β-TG and MPO levels, and incidence of adverse reactions in the two groups were observed. ResultThere was no significant difference in the baseline indexes of patients in the two groups, and thus the two groups were comparable. After treatment for 8 weeks, the total effective rate for traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndromes in the Tiaoxin Formula group was 87.88% (29/33) higher than 63.64% (21/33) in the Deanxit group (Z=-2.653, P<0.05). Compared with those before treatment, the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores of the two groups were decreased at week 4 and 8 of treatment (P<0.05), and there was no statistical difference between two groups. And the SAQ dimension scores of the two groups were increased at week 4 and 8 of treatment (P<0.05). Compared with the Deanxit group, the Tiaoxin Formula group had elevation in two dimension scores: Physical limitation and angina stability (P<0.05). Compared with the conditions before treatment, the serum 5-HT level in the two groups were increased, while the β-TG and MPO levels were lowered (P<0.05), and there was no distinct difference between two groups. In addition, the standard deviation of normal-to-normal intervals (SDNN) and standard deviation of average normal-to-normal intervals (SDANN) of the heart rate variability in the Tiaoxin formula group were elevated after treatment (P<0.05), which were more significant than those of the Deanxit group (P<0.05). During the treatment period, the incidence of adverse drug reactions in the Tiaoxin formula group was lower than that in the Deanxit group (P<0.05), and no adverse events were observed in the two groups. ConclusionTiaoxin formula was effective for the treatment of patients with coronary heart disease accompanied by anxiety and depression, which improved the clinical symptoms, increased serum 5-HT levels, and decreased serum β-TG and MPO levels, and had few adverse reactions and high safety for patients, showing a high clinical value.
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Objective: To investigate the expression of programmed death protein-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in liver cancer stem-like cells (LCSLC) and its effect on the characteristics of tumor stem cells and tumor biological function, to explore the upstream signaling pathway regulating PD-L1 expression in LCSLC and the downstream molecular mechanism of PD-L1 regulating stem cell characteristics, also tumor biological functions. Methods: HepG2 was cultured by sphere-formating method to obtain LCSLC. The expressions of CD133 and other stemness markers were detected by flow cytometry, western blot and real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to detect the expressions of stemness markers and PD-L1. The biological functions of the LCSLC were tested by cell function assays, to confirm that the LCSLC has the characteristics of tumor stem cells. LCSLC was treated with cell signaling pathway inhibitors to identify relevant upstream signaling pathways mediating PD-L1 expression changes. The expression of PD-L1 in LCSLC was down regulated by small interfering RNA (siRNA), the expression of stem cell markers, tumor biological functions of LCSLC, and the changes of cell signaling pathways were detected. Results: Compared with HepG2 cells, the expression rate of CD133 in LCSLC was upregulated [(92.78±6.91)% and (1.40±1.77)%, P<0.001], the expressions of CD133, Nanog, Oct4A and Snail in LCSLC were also higher than those in HepG2 cells (P<0.05), the number of sphere-formating cells increased on day 7 [(395.30±54.05) and (124.70±19.30), P=0.001], cell migration rate increased [(35.41±6.78)% and (10.89±4.34)%, P=0.006], the number of transmembrane cells increased [(75.77±10.85) and (20.00±7.94), P=0.002], the number of cloned cells increased [(120.00±29.51) and (62.67±16.77), P=0.043]. Cell cycle experiments showed that LCSLC had significantly more cells in the G(0)/G(1) phase than those in HepG2 [(54.89±3.27) and (32.36±1.50), P<0.001]. The tumor formation experiment of mice showed that the weight of transplanted tumor in LCSLC group was (1.32±0.17)g, the volume is (1 779.0±200.2) mm(3), were higher than those of HepG2 cell [(0.31±0.06)g and (645.6±154.9)mm(3), P<0.001]. The expression level of PD-L1 protein in LCSLC was 1.88±0.52 and mRNA expression level was 2.53±0.62, both of which were higher than those of HepG2 cells (P<0.05). The expression levels of phosphorylation signal transduction and transcription activation factor 3 (p-STAT3) and p-Akt in LCSLC were higher than those in HepG2 cells (P<0.05). After the expression of p-STAT3 and p-Akt was down-regulated by inhibitor treatment, the expression of PD-L1 was also down-regulated (P<0.05). In contrast, the expression level of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase 1/2 (p-ERK1/2) in LCSLC was lower than that in HepG2 cells (P<0.01), there was no significant change in PD-L1 expression after down-regulated by inhibitor treatment (P>0.05). After the expression of PD-L1 was knockdown by siRNA, the expressions of CD133, Nanog, Oct4A and Snail in LCSLC were decreased compared with those of siRNA-negative control (NC) group (P<0.05). The number of sphere-formating cells decreased [(45.33±12.01) and (282.00±29.21), P<0.001], the cell migration rate was lower than that in siRNA-NC group [(20.86±2.74)% and (46.73±15.43)%, P=0.046], the number of transmembrane cells decreased [(39.67±1.53) and (102.70±11.59), P=0.001], the number of cloned cells decreased [(57.67±14.57) and (120.70±15.04), P=0.007], the number of cells in G(0)/G(1) phase decreased [(37.68±2.51) and (57.27±0.92), P<0.001], the number of cells in S phase was more than that in siRNA-NC group [(30.78±0.52) and (15.52±0.83), P<0.001]. Tumor formation in mice showed that the tumor weight of shRNA-PD-L1 group was (0.47±0.12)g, the volume is (761.3±221.4)mm(3), were lower than those of shRNA-NC group [(1.57±0.45)g and (1 829.0±218.3)mm(3), P<0.001]. Meanwhile, the expression levels of p-STAT3 and p-Akt in siRNA-PD-L1 group were decreased (P<0.05), while the expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and β-catenin did not change significantly (P>0.05). Conclusion: Elevated PD-L1 expression in CD133(+) LCSLC is crucial to maintain stemness and promotes the tumor biological function of LCSLC.
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Humans , Animals , Mice , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism , B7-H1 Antigen/metabolism , Ligands , Liver Neoplasms/pathology , RNA, Small Interfering/metabolism , Neoplastic Stem Cells/physiology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell ProliferationABSTRACT
Objective:To investigate the relationship between vaccination doses and the duration of positive nucleic acid or antigen tests in Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients during omicron epidemic.Methods:A cross-sectional study was conducted from December 26 to December 31, 2022 among COVID-19 patients from all community health service centers in 16 districts of Beijing municipality selected by multi-stage stratified cluster quota sampling method. A questionnaire was used to collect the basic information, vaccination doses, results of nucleic acid or antigen tests of all subjects. The subjects were divided into 5 groups according to the doses of COVID-19 vaccination: the non-vaccination group, the 1, 2, 3 and 4 doses vaccination group. The relationship between vaccination doses and the duration of positive nucleic acid or antigen tests was analyzed by univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Results:A total of 10 506 COVID-19 cases were included in the study with the age of (43.3±13.7) years. The duration of positive nucleic acid or antigen tests was longer than 7 days in 59.4%(276/465), 51.5%(67/130), 50.6%(355/701), 46.1% (3 464/7 520) and 39.2%(662/1 690) of non-vaccination, and 1, 2, 3, 4 dose vaccination groups, respectively ( P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with non-vaccination patients, the vaccination dose was an independent protective factor for duration of positive nucleic acid or antigen tests>7 days, and the OR values were 0.7 (95% CI 0.5-0.9, P=0.015), 0.6 (95% CI 0.5-0.8, P<0.001) and 0.5 (95% CI 0.4-0.6, P<0.001) for 2, 3 and 4 doses of vaccination, respectively. Conclusion:The vaccination doses are independently related to the duration of positive nucleic acid or antigen tests in COVID-19 patients and the risk is gradually decreases with the increasing vaccination doses.
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Objective:To observe the multimodal imaging features of retinal diseases associated with COVID-19.Methods:A retrospective case study. Sixteen patients (30 eyes) of retinal diseases associated with COVID-19 admitted to the Ophthalmology Department of the Second People's Hospital of Zhengzhou in December 2022 were included in the study. There were 5 males and 11 females, with the mean age of (26.69±9.88) years; 14 patients were bilateral and 2 patients were unilateral. The time of ocular symptoms after the diagnosis of COVID-19 was (2.63±0.89) days. All patients underwent the examinations of best corrtected visual acuity (BCVA), fundus color photography (FP), infrared fundus photography (IR), optical coherence tomography (OCT). Fluorescein fundus angiography (FFA) was performed in 2 patients (4 eyes). There were 20 eyes with acute macular neuroretinopathy (AMN), including 6 eyes with cotton wool spots; 10 eyes with Purtscher-like retinopathy (PLR). The BCVA of the patients was 0.1-1.0. No obvious abnormality was found in anterior segment examination. The features of FP, IR and OCT were analyzed retrospectively.Results:In 20 eyes of AMN, irregular reddish brown lesions in the central or paracentral area of the macula in 14 eyes; FP showed no obvious abnormality in 6 eyes; IR showed irregular map like low reflection in the central or paracentral area of macular in all eyes; OCT showed hyperreflectivity in outer plexiform layer and outer nuclear layer, hyporeflectivity in the ellipsoid zone and photoreceptor layers in all eyes; no abnormal fluorecence was observed in 2 eyes examined by FFA. In 10 eyes with PLR, cotton wool spots and retinal hemorrhage were observed in the posterior pole and/or peripapillary area, and the peripheral retina was generally normal, Purtscher spot was found in 5 eyes and macular edema in 4 eyes; OCT showed strong reflex signal in neuroepithelial layers, edema in neuroepithelial layers in 6 eyes; in the 2 eyes examined by FFA, fluorescein leakage from the retinal vein wall was observed, the posterior pole and peripapillary area retinal arteriole occlusions showed patchy hypofluorescence, the fluorescence was obscured by retinal hemorrhage below at inferior retina.Conclusions:For AMN associated with COVID-19, IR can show the lesion contour, OCT shows lesions in the outer retina. PLR associated with COVID-19 are usually at the posterior pole and/or peripapillary area in FP, OCT shows neurocortical edema.
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Objective@#To investigate whether the cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) / exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (Epac) / ras-related protein 1 ( Rap1 ) signalling pathway is involved in the intervening mechanisms of interleukin-1 β (IL-1 β) ,tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) ,brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and Jujuboside A(JuA) secretion by NG2 cells. @*Methods@#NG2 cells were cultured in vitro and the experiment was divided into control group ,pertussis toxin ( PTX) group ,ESI-09 group,JuA group and positive drug group.The effect of different concentrations of JuA on the survival rate of NG2 cells was detected by CCK-8 method,and the expression of IL-1 β , TNF-α , BDNF,cAMP,Epac,Rap1 mRNA and protein in each group was detected by RT-PCR and Western blot. @*Results@#Compared with the control group,the PTX group decreased the expression of IL-1 β and TNF-α mRNA and protein (P<0. 01) and increased the expression of cAMP and BDNF mRNA and protein (P<0. 01) ; the ESI-09 group increased the expression of IL-1 β and TNF-α mRNA and protein (P < 0. 05) and decreased the expression of BDNF,Epac and Rap1 mRNA and protein expression (P<0. 01) ; the JuA group and positive drug group increased IL-1 β , TNF-α , BDNF,cAMP,Epac,Rap1 mRNA and protein expression (P<0. 01) .@*Conclusion @#The cAMP / Epac / Rap1 signaling pathway is involved in the secretion of IL-1 β , TNF- α , and BDNF by NG2 cells.JuA may act on cAMP / Epac / Rap1 signaling pathway to affect the secretion of BDNF by NG2 cells.
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Aim To explore the effect of tanshinone II A (Tan II A) on reverse cholesterol transport in atherosclerosis model mice and RAW264. 7 cells and the underlying mechanism. Methods Thirty-two male LDLR -/- mice were randomly divided into four groups. These mice were fed with normal diet or high fat diet for 12 weeks. The control group and model group were given normal saline. Tan II A group and atorvastatin group were given Tan II A solution and atorvastatin solution for 12 weeks. RAW264. 7 cells were induced with oxidized low-density lipoprotein (ox-LDL) 100 mg • L-
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Microorganisms mainly exist in the form of biofilm in nature. Biofilm can contaminate food and drinking water system, as well as cause chronic wound infections, thereby posing a potential threat to public health safety. In the last two decades, researchers have made efforts to investigate the genetic contributors control different stages of biofilm development (adherence, initiation, maturation, and dispersal). As an opportunistic pathogen, C. albicans causes severe superficial or systemic infections with high morbidity and mortality under conditions of immune dysfunction. It has been reported that 80% of C. albicans infections are directly or indirectly associated with biofilm formation on host or abiotic surfaces including indwelling medical devices, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Significantly, the outcome of C. albicans biofilm development includes enhanced invasion, exacerbated inflammatory responses and intrinsic resistance to antimicrobial chemotherapy. Thus, this review aimed at providing a comprehensive overview of the regulatory network controls microbial biofilm development, with C. albicans as a representative, served as reference for therapeutic targets.
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Antifungal Agents/therapeutic use , Biofilms , Candida albicans/physiology , Candidiasis , Biofilms/drug effects , Biofilms/growth & development , Candidiasis/drug therapy , Candidiasis/metabolism , Candidiasis/mortality , Fungal Proteins/metabolism , HumansABSTRACT
The abnormality of ubiquitin proteasome pathway is an important factor leading to the imbalance of protein homeostasis. In this process, the deubiquitinase responsible for removing the ubiquitin chain of protein substrate is very important. Its abnormal activity or expression can cause the functional changes of key oncogenic/tumor suppressor proteins, which directly or indirectly lead to the occurrence, development and malignant evolution of tumors. Based on this, the discovery and research of small molecule inhibitors targeting deubiquitinases have become a hot field of anti-tumor candidate drugs. This review will focus on the regulatory effect and mechanism of ubiquitin proteasome pathway, especially deubiquitinase on tumor, introduce the application of deubiquitinase small molecule inhibitors in tumor treatment, and discuss the research status and latest progress of small molecule inhibitors, so as to provide ideas for the research of new anti-tumor strategies based on deubiquitinase.
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Through consulting the ancient herbs, medical books and modern literature, this paper made textual research on the name, origin, producing area, quality evaluation, collection and processing of medicinal materials of Sang (Mori Folium, Mori Cortex, Mori Ramulus, Mori Fructus) in famous classical formulas, in order to provide a basis for the development of famous classical formulas containing medicinal materials of Sang. According to the research, Mori Folium and Mori Cortex were first used as medicines in Shengnong Bencaojing , Mori Ramulus was first used as medicine in Jinxiaofang, and Mori Fructus was first used as medicine in Xinxiu Bencao. Before the Tang dynasty, there were Nyusang and Shansang. Since Tang dynasty, there were many sources of medicinal materials of Sang, including Baisang (Morus alba), Jisang (M. australis), Shansang (M. mongolica), etc. According to textual research, the mainstream varieties were M. australis, M. alba and their cultivated varieties. In modern times, according to the relevant information and the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, M. alba is the original base. In ancient times, the origin of mulberry changed with the development of sericulture, mulberry has been widely planted since the Song dynasty. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, mulberry has been planted most in Jiangsu and Zhejiang. In modern times, they are mainly produced in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Hunan and other places. In recent years, due to the related policies and strategies such as "moving silkworms from east to west", the center of silkworm breeding has gradually transferred to the west. As for the quality evaluation and harvesting and processing of mulberry medicinal materials, Most of the ancient and modern records of Mori Folium are the same. They are harvested after frost, and dried after removing impurities. The quality is better when the leaves are large and thick, yellowish green, holding prickly hands and undergoing frost. The harvesting period of Mori Cortex is slightly different in ancient and modern records. Ancient books record that it can be harvested all the year round, but in modern times, it is mostly harvested from late autumn to the next spring. The processing methods include removing soil and fibrous roots, scraping off yellow-brown rough skin, peeling off white skin and drying in the sun. The quality is better when they are white, thick, flexible, free of rough skin and full of powder. There are few records about the collection, processing and quality evaluation of Mori Ramulus and Mori Fructus in ancient Chinese herbal books. According to modern literature, Mori Ramulus is usually collected in late spring and early summer, with leaves removed, slightly dried, sliced while fresh, and dried in the sun. The best quality of Mori Ramulus is fine and tender with the yellow and white section. Mori Fructus is harvested from April to June when the fruit turns red, and dried in the sun, or slightly steamed and dried in the sun, and it is better to be big, dark purple, oily and thick. There are many processing methods of mulberry medicinal materials. Ancient books record stir frying, baking, burning and steaming of Mori Folium, in modern times, there is honey-roasted method, but most of them are used as raw products. In ancient materia medica, Mori Cortex has firing method, baking method, stir-frying method, honey-fried method, etc. In modern times, there are stir-fried and honey-fried methods, and most of them are used as raw products. Ancient books record that Mori Ramulus has cutting and frying methods, while modern ones have cutting, frying, wine-processed and bran-processed methods. Processing methods of Mori Fructus are consistent in ancient and modern times, and they are mostly dried after being cleaned or steamed. Based on the research results, it is suggested that M. alba should be selected as mulberry medicinal materials in the famous classical formulas, and appropriate medicinal parts and processing methods can be selected according to the indications of the famous classical formulas.
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In this paper, the name, origin, producing area and other aspects of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba in the famous classical formulas were carried out by consulting herbal literature, medical books, prescription books in the past dynasties and related modern documents. Through the textual research, it can be seen that the name of Bohe was used as the correct name in the mainstream of the past dynasties, and there were still multiple synonyms, most of which originated from the false transmission of dialectal accent, producing area and efficacy. There are many varieties recorded in the literature of the past dynasties such as Bohe, Longnao Bohe, Hubohe and Shibohe. According to the textual research, Bohe, Longnao Bohe and Yebohe are consistent with Mentha haplocalyx, whcih is the mainstream variety. Longnao Bohe is named for its form of producing area, Shibohe is Mosla chinensis, Daye Bohe is Agastache rugosa, and Nanbohe is M. crispata. Menthae Haplocalycis Herba has been widely planted since Tang dynasty. It was mainly grown in Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Jiangxi and Sichuan in Ming and Qing dynasties, and Jiangsu is the genuine production area. Its quality is best if it has dry body, no roots, many leaves, green color and strong smell. In ancient times, the stems and leaves of Menthae Haplocalycis Herba were often picked and dried in summer and autumn, which is basically the same as the records of modern times when the stems and leaves are luxuriant in summer and autumn, or when the flowers bloom to three rounds, they are picked in sunny days and cut in different times, and then dried in the sun or in the shade, and the raw products was often used as medicine in ancient and modern times. Before the Song dynasty, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba was recorded as pungent and warm. Until the Song dynasty, it was written as “extremely cool” in Lyuchanyan Bencao. It may have been thought in the early stage that it was similar to several warm herbs, such as Perilla frutescens, Stachys japonica, Elsholtzia ciliata and M. chinensis in appearance, all of which have the function of Xinsan, so it was recorded as warm. Since the Qing dynasty, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba has been recorded as cool property in the mainstream materia medica, Menthae Haplocalycis Herba recorded as pungent and cool in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and its effect is to dissipate wind heat, clear the head, relieve the pharynx and so on, the records of efficacy in ancient and modern times are basically the same. Based on the research results, it is suggested that raw products of M. haplocalyx should be selected when developing the famous classical formulas containing Menthae Haplocalycis Herba.
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ObjectiveTo observe the effects of Suanzaoren Tang on the behavior, growth-associated protein-43 (GAP-43), postsynaptic density protein-95 (PSD-95), and synaptophysin Ⅰ (SynⅠ) of insomniac rats induced by p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), and to investigate the mechanism of Suanzaoren Tang in improving the behavior of the insomniac rats. MethodSeventy-two SD rats were randomly assigned into 6 groups (12 rats in each group): control group (normal saline), PCPA (0.35 g·kg-1·d-1) group, estazolam (2.7×10-4 g·kg-1·d-1) group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose (3.25, 7.5, 15 g·kg-1·d-1, respectively) Suanzaoren Tang groups. The rat model of insomnia was established by intraperitoneal injection of PCPA and then the rats were administrated with corresponding drugs for 7 continuous days. The Morris water maze and Y-maze were used to test the learning and memory functions, and the open field to test anxiety. Histopathological changes in the hippocampus were observed via hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. The mRNA and protein levels of GAP-43, PSD-95, and SynⅠ in hippocampus were determined by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry (IHC). ResultCompared with the control group, the PCPA group showcased long escape latency, shortened time in the quadrants, and decreased times of crossing the platform in Morris water maze, decreased alternation correct rate was significantly Y-maze, and increased distance, mean velocity, and time in center of the open field test (P<0.01). Furthermore, the PCPA-treated rats showed obvious pathological damage in the hippocampus and down-regulated mRNA and protein levels of GAP-43, PSD-95, and SynⅠ in hippocampus (P<0.01). Compared with the PCPA group, the treatments with estazolam and different doses of Suanzaoren Tang improved the rat performance in Morris water maze, Y-maze, and open field test (P<0.05, P<0.01), alleviated the hippocampal damage, and up-regulated the mRNA and protein levels of GAP-43, PSD-95, and SynⅠ (P<0.05, P<0.01). ConclusionSuanzaoren Tang may alleviate the learning and memory disorders and anxiety in PCPA-induced insomnia rat model by up-regulating the mRNA and protein levels of hippocampal synaptic plasticity-associated proteins GAP-43, PSD-95, and SynⅠ.
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AIM: To provide guidance for more accurate measurement of axial length(AL)of difficult measuring eyes by comparing the differences in the AL of the patient's difficult measuring eye with three methods of the sitting position, supine position A-scan and Lenstar 900(Lenstar, LS900). METHODS: Clinical case-control study. We selected 102 cases(102 eyes)including cataract patients with combined silicone oil filled, vitreous hemorrhage or retinal detachment and patients with dislocation of the lens or IOL in Zhengzhou Second Hospital from May 2019 to September 2020. AL were measured using LS900 and A-scan on sitting position and supine position respectively, and the results of the three methods were statistically analyzed.RESULTS: The detection rates of LS900 and A-scan axial measurement were 83% and 100% respectively. Three methods of A scan in sitting position, supine position and LS900 to measure the overall AL, silicone oil group, lens dislocation group and vitreous hemorrhage group, the differences were statistically significant(P<0.001), The mean values of AL measured by overall A-scan, supine positions of silicone oil group, supine position of lens dislocation group and vitreous hemorrhage group were statistically significant differences with LS900 measurement(all P<0.05), while there was no statistical difference between the results of the overall sitting position and the difficult measuring eye groups' sitting position compared with the LS900 measurement of AL. The three measurements showed good consistency within the 95% consistency range, but the result of A-scan on sitting position was closer to LS900.CONCLUSION: Changing the conventional decubitus position to the sitting position can improve the accuracy of the measurement results and provide clinicians with more reliable guidance for the treatment of patients with difficult measuring eyes of A-scan axial measurement, especially in diseases with altered ocular structure.
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Objective:To investigate the mechanism of crossed cerebellar diaschisis(CCD) induced by supratentorial tumors and the characteristics of 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging. Methods:Eighty-six patients with supratentorial tumors who underwent 18F-FDG PET/CT whole-body imaging from January 2017 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed.Placement, number, size, SUVmax, CT values, relationship with basal ganglia, edema, and cerebellar asymmetry index (AI) were observed and recorded.The imaging differences between patients with CCD and patients without CCD were compared, and the correlations between SUVmax, maximum diameter and cerebellar AI were analyzed.SPSS 21.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Chi-square test, independent sample t-test and Pearson correlation analysis were used for data statistics. Results:Among the 86 patients, 14 were patients with CCD and 72 were patients without CCD.The incidence of CCD was 16.3%.There were statistically significant differences in whether the primary lesions involved the basal ganglia region between patients with CCD and patients without CCD ( χ2=7.637, P=0.006). The cerebellar AI ((0.27±0.09), (0.05±0.02), t=6.847, P=0.003)and maximum diameter of primary lesions((3.98±1.09)cm, (2.36±1.61)cm, t=2.011, P=0.040) in patients with CCD were both larger than those in patients without CCD.There was a significant positive correlation between cerebellar AI and the maximum diameter of primary lesions in patients with CCD ( r=0.375 P=0.028). Conclusion:18F-FDG PET/CT imaging can assist in the diagnosis of crossed cerebellar diaschisis.The primary lesion of supratentorial tumor involving the basal ganglia is more likely to cause crossed cerebellar diaschisis, and the size of the primary lesion is correlated with cerebellar AI.
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This paper presents an OSA patient interactive monitoring system based on the Beidou system. This system allows OSA patients to get timely rescue when they become sleepy outside. Because the Beidou position marker has an interactive function, it can reduce the anxiety of the patient while waiting for the rescue. At the same time, if a friend helps the OSA patients to call the doctor, the friend can also report the patient's condition in time. This system uses the popular IoT framework. At the bottom is the data acquisition layer, which uses wearable sensors to collect vital signs from patients, with a focus on ECG and SpO2 signals. The middle layer is the network layer that transmits the collected physiological signals to the Beidou indicator using the Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) protocol. The top layer is the application layer, and the application layer uses the mature rescue interactive platform of Beidou. The Beidou system was developed by China itself, the main coverage of the satellite is in Asia, and is equipped with a high-density ground-based augmentation system. Therefore, the Beidou model improves the positioning accuracy and is equipped with a special communication satellite, which increases the short message interaction function. Therefore, patients can report disease progression in time while waiting for a rescue. After our simulation test, the effectiveness of the OSA patient rescue monitoring system based on the Beidou system and the positioning accuracy of OSA patients have been greatly improved. Especially when OSA patients work outdoors, the cell phone base station signal coverage is relatively weak. The satellite signal is well-covered, plus the SMS function of the Beidou indicator. Therefore, the system can be used to provide timely patient progress and provide data support for the medical rescue team to provide a more accurate rescue plan. After a comparative trial, the rescue rate of OSA patients using the detection device of this system was increased by 15 percentage points compared with the rescue rate using only GPS satellite phones.
Subject(s)
Cell Phone , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive , China , Humans , Monitoring, Physiologic , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosisABSTRACT
Reactive astrogliosis is an early event in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain and plays a key role in synaptic degeneration in AD development. Zinc accumulates in extracellular fraction and synaptosomes in AD human brains with its effect on reactive astrocytes remaining unknown. Through Western blotting, Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), and immunofluorescence detection on primary astrocytes treated by zinc and/or zinc chelator, we revealed that zinc induced harmful A1-type reactive astrogliosis in cultured primary astrocytes; the latter, promoted synaptic degeneration in primary neurons. The mechanism investigation showed that zinc induced activation of extracellular regulated protein kinase (ERK) and Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), which phosphorylated signal transduction and transcription activator 3 (Stat3) at serine 727 (S727-Stat3) and tyrosine 705 (Y705-Stat3), respectively, resulting in activation of Stat3. Stat3 phosphorylation at S727 by ERK plays a key role in zinc-induced astrogliosis. These data imply a new molecular mechanism of reactive astrogliosis in AD, in which excessive zinc activates Stat3 through up-regulating ERK signaling pathway.
Subject(s)
Gliosis/metabolism , MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology , Nerve Degeneration/metabolism , STAT3 Transcription Factor/metabolism , Synapses/metabolism , Zinc/toxicity , Animals , Animals, Newborn , Cells, Cultured , Female , Gliosis/chemically induced , Gliosis/pathology , MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects , Male , Nerve Degeneration/chemically induced , Nerve Degeneration/pathology , Pregnancy , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Synapses/drug effects , Synapses/pathologyABSTRACT
Objective To fit and predict the monthly discharge number of a specialist hospital using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average model (ARIMA) and Long Short-Term Memory Neural Network model (LSTM), and compare the prediction effects of the two models. Methods ARIMA and LSTM models were constructed based on the monthly discharge number of a specialist hospital from 2013 to 2018. The resulting models were then used to predict the monthly discharge numbers in 2019, which were compared with actual data. The mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) was used to evaluate the prediction effect of these two models. Results The MAPE values of ARIMA and LSTM compared to actual data in 2019 were 7.90% and 14.26%, respectively. Conclusion The prediction effect of ARIMA was better than that of LSTM. The prediction results of ARIMA showed that the number of patients discharged from the specialist hospital in 2019 was increasing, which fit well with the actual data.
ABSTRACT
SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant has the characteristics of stronger infectivity, higher viral load, and shorter incubation period, posing new challenges to the prevention and control of COVID-19 pandemic. SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant was first discovered in India, then quickly spread in many countries and has gradually become one of the main epidemic strains worldwide. Local epidemics caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant also occurred in several provinces in China. This article summarizes the progress in research of etiological characteristics, transmission characteristics or possible mechanism and epidemiological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, and the protective effects of vaccines and control measures against SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in order to provide references for the effective prevention and control of COVID-19 epidemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant.
Subject(s)
Humans , COVID-19/virology , China/epidemiology , Pandemics/prevention & control , SARS-CoV-2ABSTRACT
Objective:To analyze risk factors for the occurrence and progression of isolated distal deep vein thrombosis (IDDVT) of lower limbs, and to explore the predictive value of dynamic changes of coagulation index D-dimer on the occurrence and progression of IDDVT in acute brain injury (ABI) patients during perioperative period.Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted. Perioperative ABI patients admitted to department of neurocritical care unit (NCCU) of the First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China from September 2019 to May 2020 were enrolled. Patients' baseline characteristics, disease characteristics, treatment approaches, outcomes and coagulation function index at 1, 2-4, 5-7 and > 7 days post operation were analyzed between patients with IDDVT and patients with progressive IDDVT. Risk factors for IDDVT occurrence and progression were identified by multivariate Logistic regression. Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve) were drawn to assess the predictive value of coagulation indexes for IDDVT occurrence and progression.Results:A total of 164 ABI patients were enrolled. Most of the patients were elderly [age was 60 (51, 69) years], male [99 cases (60.4%)], and severe cases [Glasgow coma score (GCS) at admission was 6 (5, 8)]. The rates of IDDVT occurrence and progression were 61.6% (101 cases) and 16.8% (17 cases), respectively, the rate of proximal deep venous thrombosis (DVT) was 12.8% (21 cases). Compared with the IDDVT group (101 patients), patients without IDDVT group were younger (years: 55±13 vs. 62±13), length of intensive care unit (ICU) stay were shorter (days: 12±6 vs. 15±7), body mass index (BMI) and GCS at admission were higher [59 patients, BMI (kg/m 2): 23±5 vs. 19±8, GCS scores: 7±2 vs. 6±2], the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). Compared with patients with IDDVT progression group, male patients were fewer [61.9% (52/84) vs. 88.2% (15/17)], the proportion of transfusion of red blood cell and anticoagulant therapy were lower [8.3% (7/84) vs. 29.4% (5/17) and 47.6% (40/84) vs. 94.1% (16/17)], the proportion of cerebral herniation was higher [42.9% (38/84) vs. 11.8% (2/17)] in patients without IDDVT progressive group. All of the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). D-dimer were increased in two groups of whether IDDVT occurrence or not over time. D-dimer peaked on 5-7 days after surgery in IDDVT occurrence group, and then decreased. D-dimer peaked at > 7 days after surgery in patients without IDDVT. With time, D-dimer were increased in groups of whether IDDVT progression or not, both peaked at 5-7 days postoperation, and then decreased. Compared with non-IDDVTgroup, D-dimer was significantly increased in IDDVT group from 2-4 days after surgery [mg/L: 4.1 (2.3, 8.0) vs. 2.4 (1.7, 3.4), P < 0.05], and lasted until 5-7 days [mg/L: 5.5 (3.3, 11.4) vs. 3.9 (2.6, 5.8), P < 0.05]. Compared with IDDVT group, D-dimer was significantly increased in IDDVT progressive group from 2-4 days [mg/L: 11.2 (4.7, 20.0) vs. 3.7 (2.1, 6.8), P < 0.05], and lasted until 7 days [mg/L: 11.0 (3.0, 18.9) vs. 4.1 (2.6, 6.5), P < 0.05]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that age > 60 years [odds ratio ( OR) = 3.43, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) was 1.69-6.96, P = 0.001], GCS score at admission > 8 ( OR = 0.35, 95% CI was 0.17-0.76, P = 0.008), length of ICU stay > 13 days ( OR = 2.25, 95% CI was 1.08-4.70, P = 0.031) were risk factors for IDDVT. Gender ( OR = 0.19, 95% CI was 0.02-0.71, P = 0.019), transfusion of red blood cell ( OR = 6.50, 95% CI was 1.33-31.94, P = 0.021), cerebral herniation ( OR = 0.18, 95% CI was 0.37-0.90, P = 0.036) were risk factors for IDDVT profression. ROC curve analysis showed that age and D-dimer at 5-7 days were predicators of IDDVT [the area under curve ROC (AUC) were 0.68 and 0.72, 95% CI were 0.60-0.75 and 0.64-0.80, both P value were 0.000 1]. When the cut-off value of age was 60 years old and the D-dimer was 5.4 mg/L, the sensitivity were 60.6% and 54.4%, specificity were 71.2% and 80.9%, respectively, positive predictive value were 78.7%, 84.5%, negative predictive value were 51.2%, 48.1%, respectively. The elevation of D-dimer to 3.9 times at days 5-7 compared with day 1 of NCCU stay was a predicator of IDDVT progression (AUC = 0.81, 95% CI was 0.71-0.88, P = 0.000 1). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 76.5%, 74.6%, 41.9% and 93.0%, respectively. Conclusions:IDDVT occurrence and progressiveare common in severe ABI patients during perioperative period. The dynamic change of D-dimer, especially at days 5-7, is a valuable predictor of IDDVT progressionin ABI patients, which is helpful for guiding implementation of deep vein ultrasound of lower limb.