ABSTRACT
Gene expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells was systematically evaluated following smallpox and yellow fever vaccination, and naturally occurring upper respiratory infection (URI). All three infections were characterized by the induction of many interferon stimulated genes, as well as enhanced expression of genes involved in proteolysis and antigen presentation. Vaccinia infection was also characterized by a distinct expression signature composed of up-regulation of monocyte response genes, with repression of genes expressed by B and T-cells. In contrast, the yellow fever host response was characterized by a suppression of ribosomal and translation factors, distinguishing this infection from vaccinia and URI. No significant URI-specific signature was observed, perhaps reflecting greater heterogeneity in the study population and etiological agents. Taken together, these data suggest that specific host gene expression signatures may be identified that distinguish one or a small number of virus agents.
Subject(s)
Gene Expression Profiling , Monocytes/metabolism , Monocytes/virology , Respiratory Tract Infections/genetics , Vaccination , Vaccinia/genetics , Viral Vaccines/immunology , Yellow Fever/genetics , Adolescent , Adult , DNA, Complementary/biosynthesis , DNA, Complementary/genetics , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Female , Humans , Male , Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis , RNA, Viral/biosynthesis , RNA, Viral/genetics , Regression Analysis , Respiratory Tract Infections/virology , Smallpox Vaccine/immunology , Vaccinia/virology , Vaccinia virus/immunology , Yellow Fever/virology , Yellow Fever Vaccine/immunology , Yellow fever virus/immunologyABSTRACT
We report the initial sequencing and comparative analysis of the Macaca mulatta transcriptome. Cloned sequences from 11 tissues, nine animals, and three species (M. mulatta, M. fascicularis, and M. nemestrina) were sampled, resulting in the generation of 48,642 sequence reads. These data represent an initial sampling of the putative rhesus orthologs for 6,216 human genes. Mean nucleotide diversity within M. mulatta and sequence divergence among M. fascicularis, M. nemestrina, and M. mulatta are also reported.