ABSTRACT
Type III effectors (T3Es) are major determinants of Xanthomonas virulence and targets for resistance breeding. XopJ2 (syn. AvrBsT) is a highly conserved YopJ-family T3E acquired by X. perforans, the pathogen responsible for bacterial spot disease of tomato. In this study, we characterized a new variant (XopJ2b) of XopJ2, which is predicted to have a similar 3D structure as the canonical XopJ2 (XopJ2a) despite sharing only 70% sequence identity. XopJ2b carries an acetyltransferase domain and the critical residues required for its activity, and the positions of these residues are predicted to be conserved in 3D structure of the proteins. We demonstrated that XopJ2b is a functional T3E and triggers hypersensitive response when translocated into pepper cells. Like XopJ2a, XopJ2b triggers HR in Arabidopsis that is suppressed by the deacetylase, SOBER1. We found xopJ2b in genome sequences of X. euvesicatoria, X. campestris, X. citri, X. guizotiae, and X. vasicola strains, suggesting widespread horizontal transfer. In X. perforans, xopJ2b was present in strains collected in North and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and Europe, whereas xopJ2a had a more narrow geographic distribution. This study expands the Xanthomonas T3E repertoire, demonstrates functional conservation in T3E evolution, and further supports the importance of XopJ2 in X. perforans fitness on tomato.
ABSTRACT
Many phytopathogenic bacteria require a type three secretion system (TTSS) to activate effector triggered immunity (ETI). We identified a calcium binding protein, EfhXXfa, in the citrus pathogen, X. citri subsp. aurantifolii, that does not require a TTSS to activate reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elicit a hypersensitive reaction (HR) in tomato leaves following infection. Purified, recombinant EfhXXfa was shown to bind two moles of calcium per mole of protein, whereas mutation of the first of two EF-hands did not bind calcium . EfhXXfa expression was determined to be inducible in hrp-inducing medium. Additionally, growth of X. perforans transconjugants with and without the efhXXfa gene in hrp-inducing medium differed in intracellular calcium concentration; the transconjugant without efhXXfa yielded higher cell pellet masses and higher increased intracellular calcium concentrations relative to cells expressing EfhXXfa. An EfhXXfa homolog, EfhXXe, present in the pepper pathogen, X. euvesicatoria, when expressed in the tomato pathogen, X. perforans, triggered ROS production and an HR in tomato leaves and is a host-limiting factor. Interestingly, all tested X. perforans and X. euvesicatoria strains pathogenic on tomato contain a stop codon immediately upstream of the first EF-hand domain in the efhXXe gene, whereas most X. euvesicatoria strains pathogenic on pepper do not.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Bacterial spot of pepper (BSP), caused by four different Xanthomonas species, primarily X. euvesicatoria (Xe), poses a significant challenge in pepper cultivation. Host resistance is considered the most important approach for BSP control, offering long-term protection and sustainability. While breeding for resistance to BSP for many years focused on dominant R genes, introgression of recessive resistance has been a more recent focus of breeding programs. The molecular interactions underlying recessive resistance remain poorly understood. RESULTS: In this study, transcriptomic analyses were performed to elucidate defense responses triggered by Xe race P6 infection by two distinct pepper lines: the Xe-resistant line ECW50R containing bs5, a recessive resistance gene that confers resistance to all pepper Xe races, and the Xe-susceptible line ECW. The results revealed a total of 3357 upregulated and 4091 downregulated genes at 0, 1, 2, and 4 days post-inoculation (dpi), with the highest number of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) observed at 2 dpi. Pathway analysis highlighted DEGs in key pathways such as plant-pathogen interaction, MAPK signaling pathway, plant hormone signal transduction, and photosynthesis - antenna proteins, along with cysteine and methionine metabolism. Notably, upregulation of genes associated with PAMP-Triggered Immunity (PTI) was observed, including components like FLS2, Ca-dependent pathways, Rboh, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. In support of these results, infiltration of ECW50R leaves with bacterial suspension of Xe led to observable hydrogen peroxide accumulation without a rapid increase in electrolyte leakage, suggestive of the absence of Effector-Triggered Immunity (ETI). Furthermore, the study confirmed that bs5 does not disrupt the effector delivery system, as evidenced by incompatible interactions between avirulence genes and their corresponding dominant resistant genes in the bs5 background. CONCLUSION: Overall, these findings provide insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying bs5-mediated resistance in pepper against Xe and suggest a robust defense mechanism in ECW50R, primarily mediated through PTI. Given that bs5 provides early strong response for resistance, combining this resistance with other dominant resistance genes will enhance the durability of resistance to BSP.
Subject(s)
Capsicum , Disease Resistance , Gene Expression Profiling , Plant Diseases , Xanthomonas , Capsicum/genetics , Capsicum/microbiology , Capsicum/immunology , Disease Resistance/genetics , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Plant Diseases/genetics , Gene Expression Regulation, Plant , TranscriptomeABSTRACT
The emergence of plant pathogens is often associated with waves of unique evolutionary and epidemiological events. Xanthomonas hortorum pv. gardneri is one of the major pathogens causing bacterial spot disease of tomatoes. After its first report in the 1950s, there were no formal reports on this pathogen until the 1990s, despite active global research on the pathogens that cause tomato and pepper bacterial spot disease. Given the recently documented global distribution of X. hortorum pv. gardneri, our objective was to examine genomic diversification associated with its emergence. We sequenced the genomes of X. hortorum pv. gardneri strains collected in eight countries to examine global population structure and pathways of emergence using phylodynamic analysis. We found that strains isolated post-1990 group by region of collection and show minimal impact of recombination on genetic variation. A period of rapid geographic expansion in X. hortorum pv. gardneri is associated with acquisition of a large plasmid conferring copper tolerance by horizontal transfer and coincides with the burgeoning hybrid tomato seed industry through the 1980s. The ancestry of X. hortorum pv. gardneri is consistent with introduction to hybrid tomato seed production and dissemination during the rapid increase in trade of hybrid seeds.
ABSTRACT
Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas spp. is an economically important disease of pepper causing significant yield losses in Taiwan. Monitoring the pathogen population on a continuous basis is necessary for developing disease management strategies. We analyzed a collection of xanthomonad strains isolated from pepper in Taiwan between 1989 and 2019. Among the sequenced genomes, sixty-five were identified as Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and ten were X. perforans. Thirty-five X. euvesicatoria and ten X. perforans strains were copper tolerant, whereas only five X. euvesicatoria and none of the X. perforans strains were tolerant to streptomycin. Nine X. euvesicatoria strains were amylolytic, which is considered an unusual characteristic for X. euvesicatoria. Bayesian analysis of the population structure based on core gene SNPs clustered the strains into five clusters for X. euvesicatoria and three clusters for X. perforans. One X. perforans cluster, designated as TP-2019, appears to be a novel genetic cluster based on core genes, accessory gene content, and effector profile. This knowledge of pathogen diversity with whole genomic information will be useful in future comparative studies and in improving breeding programs to develop disease-resistant cultivars and other disease management options.
ABSTRACT
Xanthomonas euvesicatoria the primary causal agent of bacterial spot of pepper (BSP), poses a significant global challenge, resulting in severe defoliation and yield losses for pepper growers. We present the whole genome sequences of eight X. euvesicatoria strains associated with BSP in Vietnam. These genomes contribute to representation of pepper production regions in the global sample of X. euvesicatoria genomes, enabling the development of precise global disease management strategies.
ABSTRACT
The widespread presence of tolerance to copper in Xanthomonas species has resulted in the need to develop alternative approaches to control plant diseases caused by xanthomonads. In recent years, nanotechnological approaches have resulted in the identification of novel materials to control plant pathogens. With many metal-based nanomaterials having shown promise for disease control, an important question relates to the mode of action of these new materials. In this study, we used several approaches, such as scanning electron microscopy, propidium monoazide quantitative polymerase chain reaction, epifluorescence microscopy, and RNA sequencing to elucidate the mode of action of a Cu/Zn hybrid nanoparticle against copper-tolerant strains of Xanthomonas euvesicatoria. We demonstrate that Cu/Zn did not activate copper resistance genes (i.e., copA and copB) in the copper-tolerant bacterium but functioned by disrupting the bacterial cell structure and perturbing important biological processes such as cell respiration and chemical homeostasis.
Subject(s)
Copper , Plant Diseases , Xanthomonas , Zinc , Xanthomonas/drug effects , Xanthomonas/genetics , Copper/pharmacology , Zinc/pharmacology , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Metal Nanoparticles/chemistry , Nanoparticles/chemistryABSTRACT
Xanthomonas perforans-the dominant causal agent of bacterial leaf spot of tomato-is an emerging pathogen of pepper, indicative of a potential host expansion across the southeastern United States. However, studies of the genetic diversity and evolution of X. perforans from pepper remain limited. In this study, the whole-genome sequences of 35 X. perforans strains isolated from pepper from four fields and two transplant facilities across southwest Florida between 2019 and 2021 were used to compare genomic divergence, evolution, and variation in type III secreted effectors. Phylogenetic analysis based on core genes revealed that all 35 X. perforans strains formed one genetic cluster with pepper and tomato strains from Alabama and Turkey and were closely related to strains isolated from tomato in Indiana, Mexico, and Louisiana. The in planta population growth of tomato strains isolated from Indiana, Mexico, Louisiana, and Turkey in pepper leaf mesophyll was on par with pepper X. perforans and X. euvesicatoria strains. Molecular clock analysis of the 35 Florida strains dated their emergence to approximately 2017. While strains varied in copper tolerance, all sequenced strains harbored the avrHah1 transcription activation-like effector located on a conjugative plasmid, not previously reported in Florida. Our findings suggest that there is a geographically distributed lineage of X. perforans strains on tomato that has the genetic background to cause disease on pepper. Moreover, this study clarifies potential adaptive variants of X. perforans on pepper that could help forecast the emergence of such strains and enable immediate or preemptive intervention.
Subject(s)
Metagenomics , Xanthomonas , Phylogeny , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Genomics , Xanthomonas/geneticsABSTRACT
Bacterial leaf spot of cucurbits (BLS) is an emerging disease in the southeastern United States that is capable of causing widespread outbreaks under conducive conditions. Historically attributed solely to the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. lachrymans, recent studies have identified additional P. syringae pathovars as causal agents of the disease. To further investigate the identity and diversity of P. syringae strains associated with BLS in the southeastern United States, 47 bacterial isolates were recovered from symptomatic cucurbits from Florida, Alabama, and Georgia. Strains were characterized using the LOPAT testing scheme, fluorescence, and pathogenicity to watermelon and squash seedlings. Thirty-eight fluorescent isolates underwent whole-genome sequencing and were further characterized with 16S rRNA, four gene multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) phylogeny, and average nucleotide identity analysis. Thirty-four isolates were identified as members of the P. syringae species complex, including P. syringae sensu stricto (12), P. alliivorans (12), P. capsici (nine), and P. viridiflava (one). An additional four isolates were found to belong to the Pseudomonas genus outside of the syringae species complex, though they did not share 95% or greater average nucleotide identity to any validly published species and are believed to belong to three novel Pseudomonas species. These results reveal an unpredicted level of diversity of Pseudomonas strains associated with BLS in the region and show the benefits of whole-genome sequencing for strain identification. Identification of P. capsici, which is capable of causing disease at higher temperatures than P. syringae, as a causal agent of BLS may also affect management strategies in the future.
Subject(s)
Plant Diseases , Pseudomonas syringae , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Georgia , NucleotidesABSTRACT
Xanthomonas spp. infect a wide range of annual and perennial plants. Bacterial blight in young seedlings of Eucalyptus spp. in Indonesia was originally identified as X. perforans. However, these strains failed to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) on either tomatoes or peppers. Two of the strains, EPK43 and BCC 972, when infiltrated into tomato and pepper leaves, failed to grow to significant levels in comparison with well-characterized X. euvesicatoria pv. perforans (Xp) strains. Furthermore, spray inoculation of 'Bonny Best' tomato plants with a bacterial suspension of the Eucalyptus strains resulted in no obvious symptoms. We sequenced the whole genomes of eight strains isolated from two Eucalyptus species between 2007 and 2015. The strains had average nucleotide identities (ANIs) of at least 97.8 with Xp and X. euvesicatoria pv. euvesicatoria (Xeu) strains, both of which are causal agents of bacterial spot of tomatoes and peppers. A comparison of the Eucalyptus strains revealed that the ANI values were >99.99% with each other. Core genome phylogeny clustered all Eucalyptus strains with X. euvesicatoria pv. rosa. They formed separate clades, which included X. euvesicatoria pv. alangii, X. euvesicatoria pv. citrumelonis, and X. euvesicatoria pv. alfalfae. Based on ANI, phylogenetic relationships, and pathogenicity, we designated these Eucalyptus strains as X. euvesicatoria pv. eucalypti (Xee). Comparative analysis of sequenced strains provided unique profiles of type III secretion effectors. Core effector XopD, present in all pathogenic Xp and Xeu strains, was absent in the Xee strains. Comparison of the hrp clusters of Xee, Xp, and Xeu genomes revealed that HrpE in Xee strains was very different from that in Xp and Xeu. To determine if it was functional, we deleted the gene and complemented with the Xee hrpE, confirming it was essential for secretion of type III effectors. HrpE has a hypervariable N-terminus in Xanthomonas spp., in which the N-terminus of Xee strains differs significantly from those of Xeu and Xp strains.
Subject(s)
Eucalyptus , Xanthomonas , Type III Secretion Systems , Phylogeny , Plant Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
Rapidly evolving bacterial pathogens pose a unique challenge for long-term plant disease management. In this study, we investigated the types and rate of mutations in bacterial populations during seasonal disease epidemics. Two phylogenetically distinct strains of the bacterial spot pathogen, Xanthomonas perforans, were marked, released in tomato fields, and recaptured at several time points during the growing season. Genomic variations in recaptured isolates were identified by comparative analysis of their whole-genome sequences. In total, 180 unique variations (116 substitutions, 57 insertions/deletions, and 7 structural variations) were identified from 300 genomes, resulting in the overall host-associated mutation rate of â¼0.3 to 0.9/genome/week. This result serves as a benchmark for bacterial mutation during epidemics in similar pathosystems. [Formula: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.
Subject(s)
Plant Diseases , Xanthomonas , Seasons , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Bacteria/genetics , Genome, Bacterial/genetics , Mutation , Xanthomonas/geneticsABSTRACT
Bacterial spot is an economically significant disease in tomato and pepper-producing countries globally. We report the whole-genome sequence of 11 Xanthomonas strains associated with bacterial spot disease on pepper, tomato and eggplant in the Southeastern Anatolia Region, Turkey. This genomic information can be used as a reference to study the genetic diversity of these species and contribute to illuminating pathogen evolution with respect to host specificity.
ABSTRACT
Citrus bacterial canker (CBC), caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc), causes dramatic losses to the citrus industry worldwide. Transcription activator-like effectors (TALEs), which bind to effector binding elements (EBEs) in host promoters and activate transcription of downstream host genes, contribute significantly to Xcc virulence. The discovery of the biochemical context for the binding of TALEs to matching EBE motifs, an interaction commonly referred to as the TALE code, enabled the in silico prediction of EBEs for each TALE protein. Using the TALE code, we engineered a synthetic resistance (R) gene, called the Xcc-TALE-trap, in which 14 tandemly arranged EBEs, each capable of autonomously recognizing a particular Xcc TALE, drive the expression of Xanthomonas avrGf2, which encodes a bacterial effector that induces plant cell death. Analysis of a corresponding transgenic Duncan grapefruit showed that transcription of the cell death-inducing executor gene, avrGf2, was strictly TALE-dependent and could be activated by several different Xcc TALE proteins. Evaluation of Xcc strains from different continents showed that the Xcc-TALE-trap mediates resistance to this global panel of Xcc isolates. We also studied in planta-evolved TALEs (eTALEs) with novel DNA-binding domains and found that these eTALEs also activate the Xcc-TALE-trap, suggesting that the Xcc-TALE-trap is likely to confer durable resistance to Xcc. Finally, we show that the Xcc-TALE-trap confers resistance not only in laboratory infection assays but also in more agriculturally relevant field studies. In conclusion, transgenic plants containing the Xcc-TALE-trap offer a promising sustainable approach to control CBC.
Subject(s)
Citrus , Xanthomonas , Transcription Activator-Like Effectors/genetics , Transcription Activator-Like Effectors/metabolism , Citrus/genetics , Citrus/microbiology , Xanthomonas/genetics , Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics , Plant Diseases/genetics , Plant Diseases/microbiologyABSTRACT
Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas euvesicatoria is a major disease of pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in warm and humid production environments. Use of genetically resistant cultivars is an effective approach to manage bacterial spot. Two recessive resistance genes, bs5 and bs6, confer non-race-specific resistance against bacterial spot. The objective of our study was to map these two loci in the pepper genome. We used a genotyping-by-sequencing approach to initially map the position of the two resistances. Segregating populations for bs5 and bs6 were developed by crossing susceptible Early CalWonder (ECW) with near-isogenic lines ECW50R (bs5 introgression) or ECW60R (bs6 introgression). Following fine-mapping, bs5 was delimited to a ~535 Kbp interval on chromosome 3, and bs6 to a ~666 Kbp interval in chromosome 6. We identified 14 and 8 candidate resistance genes for bs5 and bs6, respectively, based on predicted protein coding polymorphisms between ECW and the corresponding resistant parent. This research enhances marker-assisted selection of bs5 and bs6 in breeding programs and is a crucial step towards elucidating the molecular mechanisms underlying the resistances.
ABSTRACT
Bacterial spot caused by Xanthomonas spp. is a significant disease that challenges pepper growers worldwide and is particularly severe in a hot and humid environment. Understanding the pathogen's population biology is critical for sustainable disease management. The goal of this study was to characterize the species, race, and bactericide sensitivity of bacterial spot-associated Xanthomonas collected from pepper in Florida. A survey of pepper production fields in southwest Florida between 2019 and 2021-covering two counties, eight farms, and two transplant facilities-resulted in the isolation of 542 Xanthomonas euvesicatoria and 35 Xanthomonas perforans strains. Four races were identified on pepper, of which most strains were race P1 (42%), race P6 (26%), race P3 (24%), and less common was race P4 (8%). All X. perforans strains were characterized as race P1 and showed a compatible reaction on tomato. Sixty-two and 96% of strains were sensitive to copper sulfate and streptomycin, respectively. One farm that did not use copper to manage the disease contained only copper-sensitive strains and was the only farm with race P3 strains. Strains were assayed for starch hydrolysis activity of which a third of X. euvesicatoria strains were strongly amylolytic, a characteristic not typically observed in X. euvesicatoria. All X. perforans strains produced bacteriocins against X. euvesicatoria in vitro. The Xanthomonas population causing bacterial spot on pepper in southwest Florida is diverse and dynamic; thus, regular monitoring provides pertinent information to plant breeders and growers for designing disease management strategies.
Subject(s)
Piper nigrum , Xanthomonas , Florida , Copper , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Copper Sulfate , Xanthomonas/geneticsABSTRACT
For most of the 20th century, Xanthomonas euvesicatoria was the only known bacterium associated with bacterial spot of tomato in Florida. X. perforans quickly replaced X. euvesicatoria, mainly because of production of three bacteriocins (BCNs) against X. euvesicatoria; however, X. perforans outcompeted X. euvesicatoria even when the three known BCNs were deleted. Surprisingly, we observed antimicrobial activity against X. euvesicatoria in the BCN triple mutant when the triple mutant was grown in Petri plates containing multiple spots but not in Petri plates containing only one spot. We determined that changes in the headspace composition (i.e., volatiles) rather than a diffusible signal in the agar were required for induction of the antimicrobial activity. Other Xanthomonas species also produced volatile-induced antimicrobial compounds against X. euvesicatoria and elicited antimicrobial activity by X. perforans. A wide range of plant pathogenic bacteria, including Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis, Pantoea stewartii, and Pseudomonas cichorii, also elicited antimicrobial activity by X. perforans when multiple spots of the species were present. To identify potential antimicrobial compounds, we performed liquid chromatography with high-resolution mass spectrometry of the agar surrounding the spot in the high cell density Petri plates where the antimicrobial activity was present compared with agar surrounding the spot in Petri plates with one spot where antimicrobial activity was not observed. Among the compounds identified in the zone of inhibition were N-butanoyl-L-homoserine lactone and N-(3-hydroxy-butanoyl)-homoserine lactone, which are known quorum-sensing metabolites in other bacteria.
Subject(s)
Plant Diseases , Xanthomonas , Agar/metabolism , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Xanthomonas/physiology , FloridaABSTRACT
Xanthomonas perforans and X. euvesicatoria are the causal agents of bacterial spot disease of tomato and pepper, endemic to the Southeastern United States. Although very closely related, the two bacterial species differ in host specificity, where X. perforans is the dominant pathogen of tomato and X. euvesicatoria that of pepper. This is in part due to the activity of avirulence proteins that are secreted by X. perforans strains and elicit effector-triggered immunity in pepper leaves, thereby restricting pathogen growth. In recent years, the emergence of several pepper-pathogenic X. perforans lineages has revealed variability within the bacterial species to multiply and cause disease in pepper, even in the absence of avirulence gene activity. Here, we investigated the basal evolutionary processes underlying the host range of this species using multiple genome-wide association analyses. Surprisingly, we identified two novel gene candidates that were significantly associated with pepper-pathogenic X. perforans and X. euvesicatoria. Both candidates were predicted to be involved in the transport/acquisition of nutrients common to the plant cell wall or apoplast and included a TonB-dependent receptor, which was disrupted through independent mutations within the X. perforans lineage. The other included a symporter of protons/glutamate, gltP, enriched with pepper-associated mutations near the promoter and start codon of the gene. Functional analysis of these candidates revealed that only the TonB-dependent receptor had a minor effect on the symptom development and growth of X. perforans in pepper leaves, indicating that pathogenicity to this host might have evolved independently within the bacterial species and is likely a complex, multigenic trait.
Subject(s)
Host Specificity , Xanthomonas , Genome-Wide Association Study , Plant Diseases/microbiology , Genome, BacterialABSTRACT
Five bacterial strains were isolated from symptomatic leaves of Achillea millefolium, Delphinium sp. and Hydrangea sp. in California. Colonies isolated on King's medium B (KMB) appeared white, mucoid and round, similar to Pseudomonas species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, rpoB, rpoD and gyrB genes placed the bacteria into three distinct groups within Pseudomonas that were most closely related to Pseudomonas viridiflava, Pseudomonas cichorii or Pseudomonas caspiana. To further characterize the strains, phenotypic analyses and the following tests were performed: fatty acid methyl ester composition, LOPAT, fluorescence on KMB, Biolog assay, and transmission electron microscopy. Finally, whole genome sequencing of the strains was conducted, and the sequences were compared with reference genomes of Pseudomonas species based on average nucleotide identity (ANI). The first group, which consists of three strains isolated from delphinium, hydrangea and achillea, had 95.6-96.9â% pairwise ANI between each other; the second group consists of two strains isolated from delphinium that had 100â% pairwise ANI. Although comparisons of the two groups with publicly available genomes revealed closest relationships with P. viridiflava (91.6â%), P. caspiana (88.3â%) and P. asturiensis (86.7â%), ANI values were less than 95â% compared to all validly published pseudomonads. Combining genomic and phenotypic data, we conclude that these strains represent two new species and the names proposed are Pseudomonas quasicaspiana sp. nov. (type strain DSMZ 11â30â42T=LMG 32â434T) for the strains isolated from delphinium, achillea and hydrangea and Pseudomonas californiensis sp. nov. (DSMZ 11â30â43T=LMG 32â432T) for the two strains isolated from delphinium. The specific epithets quasicaspiana and californiensis were selected based on the close phylogenetic relationship of strains with P. caspiana and on the geographic location of isolation, respectively.
Subject(s)
Fatty Acids , Pseudomonas , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Phylogeny , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Bacterial Typing Techniques , Sequence Analysis, DNA , Base Composition , Nucleic Acid Hybridization , Fatty Acids/chemistryABSTRACT
The pathogen that causes stem gall in Loropetalum chinense was first identified in Florida and Alabama in 2018 and named Pseudomonas amygdali pv. loropetali. We report the genome sequence of the pathotype strain of this pathogen, Pseudomonas amygdali pv. loropetali DSM105780 PT.