The Use of Artificial Intelligence in Medical Imaging: A Nationwide Pilot Survey of Trainees in Saudi Arabia.

Artificial intelligence is dramatically transforming medical imaging. In Saudi Arabia, there are a lack of studies assessing the level of artificial intelligence use and reliably determining the perceived impact of artificial intelligence on the radiology workflow and the profession. We assessed the levels of artificial intelligence use among radiology trainees and correlated the perceived impact of artificial intelligence on the workflow and profession with the behavioral intention to use artificial intelligence. This cross-sectional study enrolled radiology trainees from Saudi Arabia, and a 5-part-structured questionnaire was disseminated. The items concerning the perceived impact of artificial intelligence on the radiology workflow conformed to the six-step standard workflow in radiology, which includes ordering and scheduling, protocoling and acquisition, image interpretation, reporting, communication, and billing. We included 98 participants. Few used artificial intelligence in routine practice (7%). The perceived impact of artificial intelligence on the radiology workflow was at a considerable level in all radiology workflow steps (range, 3.64−3.97 out of 5). Behavioral intention to use artificial intelligence was linearly correlated with the perceptions of its impact on the radiology workflow and on the profession (p < 0.001). Artificial intelligence is used at a low level in radiology. The perceived impact of artificial intelligence on radiology workflow and the profession is correlated to an increase in behavioral intention to use artificial intelligence. Thus, increasing awareness about the positive impact of artificial intelligence can improve its adoption.

Comparison of Two Treatment Modalities in Overactive Bladder: A Rapid Overview.

Background: Overactive bladder is a syndrome of urgency with the absence of infection and is usually accompanied by frequency and nocturia. Both sacral neuromodulation (SNM) and intravesical botulinum toxin (BTX) injection are used contentiously in overactive bladder after failure of conservative management. Objective: We aimed to provide an updated comparative overview of BTX injection versus SNM in the treatment of overactive bladder. Methods: PubMed and Google scholar databases were explored starting from 2016 to 2022 to obtain relevant articles. English studies on adult population were included. Results: Six articles included 648 participants were included in the current overview. Both BTX and SNM are comparable for the treatment of overactive bladder, with no major complications were reported. However, the use of SNM for refractory overactive bladder after failure of BTX was more successful and effective and resulted in patient satisfaction compared to the use of BTX after failure of SNM. Conclusion: Our update provides the latest comparative overview of outcomes of BTX versus SNM in the treatment of overactive bladder.

Academic and non-academic life stressors and their impact on psychological wellbeing of medical students.

OBJECTIVES: Among medical students, depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) are key public wellbeing challenges that require epidemiological research. We aimed to evaluate potential sources of these psychological disturbances and assess the contribution of academic and non-academic life stressors in psychological morbidity among medical students. METHODS: This exploratory questionnaire-based survey was conducted in a Saudi Arabian public sector medical college. A total of 231 medical students were enrolled and completed the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire. RESULTS: More than half of the medical students, 129 (55.8%), had depression, 106 (45.9%) students had anxiety, and 87 (37.7%) students had stress. Academic achievement was the largest explanatory factor for depression and stress, whereas bodily appearance constituted the largest explanatory factor of anxiety among the study sample. Academic and non-academic stressors score was significantly associated with depression (adjusted Odds Ratio, aOR = 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.19), anxiety (aOR = 1.07, 95% CI 1.03-1.12), and stress (aOR = 1.12, 95% CI 1.08-1.17). CONCLUSIONS: Medical students have a high incidence of negative emotional states. These negative psychological states were explained by academic achievement and bodily appearance. The studied stressors influenced medical students' psychological wellbeing.

Depression and Anxiety Among Medical Students: A Brief Overview.

Depression and anxiety are highly prevalent conditions worldwide. This article reviews the extent of depression and anxiety among medical students and elucidates associated potential risk factors. In comparison to other countries, students from Middle East countries have a higher prevalence of depression. Females suffer from these conditions more commonly than males. Factors associated with these morbidities can be divided into academic and non-academic factors. There is an inconclusiveness of whether medical students experience these symptoms more commonly than their counterparts. The present review provided a cross-sectional picture of the students' psychological well-being, which is crucial to formulate a health policy for preventive and therapeutic purposes.

Patterns of emergency department visits during Hajj period: Towards healthcare optimization in view of Saudi Arabia's vision 2030.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to examine the pattern of emergency department (ED) visits by Hajj patients and determine the urgency of emergency visits at an advanced healthcare center. METHODS: A retrospective review of medical records of Hajj patients visiting the ED at King Abdullah Medical City Makkah from September 1 to October 5, 2015 was conducted. RESULTS: We considered 233 visits by 199 Hajj patients. Most diseases were cardiovascular related. Approximately half of the ED visits led to hospital admission, which were largely during the evening and nighttime. Potentially avoidable visits were significantly encountered during the daytime. Average bed occupation time in the ED was similar for both cases: those admitted to inpatient care and discharged from ED. Results from the Canadian Triage and Acuity Scale revealed that most patients were triaged with a score of III (48.4%) followed by a clinically better score of IV (32%); however, scores did not change significantly throughout the Hajj day. CONCLUSIONS: During Hajj, a significant proportion of patients who visited the ED at the ultimate healthcare facility were discharged within 24 hours, with a higher rate in the morning-afternoon period. Both admitted and discharged cases required equal levels of care. Therefore, an extension in working days at primary care centers and optimization of advanced healthcare facilities during Hajj is currently warranted.

Urinary Bladder Cancer: Biomarkers and Target Therapy, New Era for More Attention.

Currently, bladder cancer (BCa) evaluation depends mainly on traditional clinicopathological parameters encompassing tumor stage and grade, which will not reflect the behavior of the disease. Diverse molecular alterations are responsible for the heterogeneous course. The differences in molecular pathogenesis between non-invasive BCa and invasive BCa have been recognized. Molecular biomarkers are promising to predict progression and survival. The management of advanced BCa remains somewhat primitive in comparison with other more common malignancies. This topic will discuss the molecular pathways, biomarkers and potential targets that may improve the outcome in BCa.