ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Thulium fiber laser (TFL) emerged as a competitor of holmium:yttrium-aluminum-garnet (Ho:YAG) laser for anatomic enucleation of the prostate (AEEP) in men with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) related to benign prostatic obstruction (BPO). The aim was to compare the surgical outcomes of Ho:YAG and TFL for AEEP. METHODS: A literature search was conducted to identify reports published from inception until January 2024. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines were followed to identify eligible studies. The coprimary outcomes were the postoperative International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), IPSS-Quality of Life (IPSS-QoL), and peak urinary flow (Qmax). KEY FINDINGS AND LIMITATIONS: Five studies met our inclusion criteria, and data from 1287 and 1555 patients who underwent AEEP with Ho:YAG (holmium laser enucleation of the prostate [HoLEP]) and TFL (thulium fiber laser enucleation of the prostate [ThuFLEP]), respectively, were reviewed. ThuFLEP was associated with a better IPSS at 3 mo even if the difference was not clinically significant (mean difference [MD] 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.88; p < 0.001). No difference was found for IPSS at 6-12 mo (p = 0.9), and IPSS-QoL at 3 mo (p = 0.9) and 6-12 mo (p = 0.2). HoLEP was associated with a better Qmax at 3 mo (MD 1.41 ml/s, 95% CI: 0.51-2.30; p = 0.002) and ThuFLEP at 6-12 mo (MD -2.61 ml/s, 95% CI: -4.68 to 0.59; p = 0.01), but the differences were not clinically significant. No difference was found in the major (p = 0.3) and overall (p = 0.3) complication rates. HoLEP was associated with shorter enucleation (MD -11.86, 95% CI: -22.36 to 1.36; p = 0.03) but not total operative time (p = 0.5). CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL IMPLICATIONS: The present review provides the most updated evidence on the impact of Ho:YAG and TFL in AEEP, demonstrating that these two energy sources are effective in relieving bothersome LUTS in men with BPO. PATIENT SUMMARY: Thulium fiber laser is a new energy source that can be used safely for performing endoscopic enucleation of the prostate in men with bothersome symptoms associated with benign prostatic enlargement.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To scrutinize the definitions of minimal invasive surgical therapy (MIST) and to investigate urologists' knowledge, attitudes, and practices for benign prostatic obstruction surgeries. Methods: A 36-item survey was developed with a Delphi method. Questions on definitions of MIST and attitudes and practices of benign prostatic obstruction surgeries were included. Urologists were invited globally to complete the online survey. Consensus was achieved when more than or equal to 70% responses were "agree or strongly agree" and less than or equal to 15% responses were "disagree or strongly disagree" (consensus agree), or when more than or equal to 70% responses were "disagree or strongly disagree" and less than or equal to 15% responses were "agree or strongly agree" (consensus disagree). Results: The top three qualities for defining MIST were minimal blood loss (n=466, 80.3%), fast post-operative recovery (n=431, 74.3%), and short hospital stay (n=425, 73.3%). The top three surgeries that were regarded as MIST were Urolift® (n=361, 62.2%), Rezum® (n=351, 60.5%), and endoscopic enucleation of the prostate (EEP) (n=332, 57.2%). Consensus in the knowledge section was achieved for the superiority of Urolift®, Rezum®, and iTIND® over transurethral resection of the prostate with regard to blood loss, recovery, day surgery feasibility, and post-operative continence. Consensus in the attitudes section was achieved for the superiority of Urolift®, Rezum®, and iTIND® over transurethral resection of the prostate with regard to blood loss, recovery, and day surgery feasibility. Consensus on both sections was achieved for EEP as the option with the better symptoms and flow improvement, lower retreatment rate, and better suitable for prostate more than 80 mL. Conclusion: Minimal blood loss, fast post-operative recovery, and short hospital stay were the most important qualities for defining MIST. Urolift®, Rezum®, and EEP were regarded as MIST by most urologists.
ABSTRACT
El tratamiento del síndrome de la unión pieloureteral (UPU) ha evolucionado considerablemente durante los últimos 20 años gracias a la aparición de las nuevas técnicas quirúrgicas. Tradicionalmente, el tratamiento del síndrome de la UPU se basaba en la pieloplastia mediante cirugía abierta que, actualmente, continúa siendo el tratamiento de referencia. Se han desarrollado, asimismo, alternativas quirúrgicas entre las que se encuentra la endopielotomía, aunque con resultados inferiores. De esta forma, la vía laparoscópica ha experimentado un auge en esta indicación. La pieloplastia laparoscópica presenta índices de efectividad que suelen rozar el 95% y ofrece las ventajas de un postoperatorio más llevadero y estancias hospitalarias más cortas. No obstante, esta técnica es de difícil acceso para la mayoría si se tiene en cuenta las dificultades técnicas y las limitaciones que tiene el cirujano. La curva de aprendizaje puede llegar a ser, por lo tanto, desalentadora. Desde el año 2000, la robótica se ha desarrollado de forma paralela, con resultados funcional es tan satisfactorios como los obtenidos en la laparoscopia pura. El robot es más accesible para el cirujano, ya que resulta más ergonómico y la técnica de sutura parece más reproducible. Sin embargo, el mayor obstáculo para la difusión de esta técnica es su coste, aún elevado, especialmente en tratamientos de afecciones raras, como es el caso del síndrome de la UPU. Los índices de efectividad obtenidos con el robot son superiores al 95%, tanto radiológicos como clínicos (AU)
The management of ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ) has evolved over the past20 years in response to development of new technology. Open surgery continues to be the reference standard so far, against which all other surgical modifications must be measured. The surgical approach has, however, gone through rapid changes, and the open procedure initially described has evolved considerably in the last two decades. Endoscopic and laparoscopic approaches have largely supplanted open pyeloplasty for the majority of primary ureteropelvic junction obstruction cases. Laparoscopic approaches provide a balance between a highly successful technique in all patients and improved postoperative recovery. It has been shown to improve postoperative outcomes with shorter recovery times and hospital stays and to provide equivalent functional results with a success rate of 95%. Nevertheless, laparoscopic pyeloplasty is not a simple procedure. There is certain number of disadvantages such as limited range of laparoscopic instrument movement, the two dimensional image, the unfamiliar hand-eye coordination and the relatively inefficient ergonomic position. From 2000, the robot has offered a magnified three-dimensional vision associated with a greater degree of freedom. This system has simplified suturing and has improved precision of the operative technique. Despite the financial cost, it seems easier for beginners to learn the robotic technique if the system is available in their institution, presenting similar success rates (radiological and clinical) to those obtained with open techniques (AU)