ABSTRACT
On the basis of our preliminary observation that a crude extract of the stomach of the toad Bufo japonicus exhibited a chitinase activity with its optimum pH around 3.0, we undertook molecular cloning of a cDNA encoding this putative gastric chitinase. By use of 2 degenerate oligonucleotide primers derived from the 2 conserved regions of the vertebrate chitinases, a reverse transcription-PCR product was obtained. This product was used as a probe to screen a cDNA library constructed from the toad stomach. The longest positive clone was revealed to contain an open reading frame for a putative chitinase protein of 484 amino acids, which protein exhibited sequence similarity to the known vertebrate chitinases. Our data also revealed this putative gastric chitinase to be distinct from the chitinase that we had previously isolated from the pancreas of the same species. In this putative gastric chitinase, both the N-terminal catalytic domain and the C-terminal chitin-binding domain were perfectly conserved, suggesting this protein to function as chitinase in the toad stomach.
Subject(s)
Bufonidae/genetics , Chitinases/genetics , Stomach/enzymology , Amino Acid Sequence , Animals , Base Sequence , Blotting, Northern , Chitinases/chemistry , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Complementary/genetics , Molecular Sequence Data , RNA, Messenger/genetics , RNA, Messenger/metabolism , Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction , Sequence Analysis, DNAABSTRACT
An approximately 60-kDa protein with chitinase activity was purified from the pancreas of the toad Bufo japonicus. Its specific activity was 4.5 times higher than that of a commercial bacterial chitinase in fragmenting crab shell chitin, and its optimal pH was approximately 6.0. A cDNA clone encoding a protein consisting of 488 amino acid residues, including part of the peptide sequence determined from the isolated protein, was obtained from a toad pancreas cDNA library. The deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the protein contained regions with high homology to those present in chitinases from different species, with the amino acid residues for the chitinase activity and the chitin-binding ability being completely conserved. We designate the protein as toad pancreatic chitinase (tPCase). Northern blot analysis revealed the mRNA of this enzyme to be expressed exclusively in the pancreas. Toad PCase is the first amphibian chitinase to be identified as well as the first pancreatic chitinase identified in a vertebrate.