ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The scientific literature has reported an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of suffering from several types of cancer; however, the results were not entirely consistent across studies. A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies were conducted to determine the association between broccoli consumption and cancer risk with the aim of clarifying the beneficial biological effects of broccoli consumption on cancer. METHODS: PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, Scopus, Cochrane Library (CENTRAL), and Epistemonikos databases were searched to identify all published papers that evaluate the impact of broccoli consumption on the risk of cancer. Citation chasing of included studies was conducted as a complementary search strategy. The risk of bias in individual studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. A random-effects model meta-analysis was employed to quantitatively synthesize results, with the I2 index used to assess heterogeneity. RESULTS: Twenty-three case-control studies (n = 12,929 cases and 18,363 controls; n = 31,292 individuals) and 12 cohort studies (n = 699,482 individuals) were included in the meta-analysis. The results suggest an inverse association between broccoli consumption and the risk of cancer both in case-control studies (OR: 0.64, 95% CI from 0.58 to 0.70, p < 0.001; Q = 35.97, p = 0.072, I2 = 30.49%-moderate heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.016) and cohort studies (RR: 0.89, 95% CI from 0.82 to 0.96, p = 0.003; Q = 13.51, p = 0.333, I2 = 11.21%-low heterogeneity; τ2 = 0.002). Subgroup analysis suggested a potential benefit of broccoli consumption in site-specific cancers only in case-control studies. CONCLUSIONS: In summary, the findings indicate that individuals suffering from some type of cancer consumed less broccoli, suggesting a protective biological effect of broccoli on cancer. More studies, especially cohort studies, are necessary to clarify the possible beneficial effect of broccoli on several types of cancer.
Subject(s)
Brassica , Neoplasms , Observational Studies as Topic , Humans , Neoplasms/epidemiology , Neoplasms/etiology , Neoplasms/prevention & control , Diet , Risk Factors , Female , Case-Control StudiesABSTRACT
Fundamentos: El Ayuntamiento de Llucmajor puso enmarcha en el año 2002 el proyecto de Mejora de hábitosalimentarios en la población escolarizada. Se analizan,tras dos años de aplicación del programa escolar deeducación nutricional, los cambios obtenidos respectodel curso 02-03.Material y método: Se analizan 1537 encuestas de escolares(83% de las valoradas en el 2002). Para lamedida del patrón alimentario, se utilizó el Índice deCalidad de la Dieta Mediterránea (KIDMED) completadocon otras variables socioculturales, actividad física ypercepción subjetiva de cambio. El trabajo de campo sedesarrolló en mayo - junio de 2004 y los datos se analizaroncon SPSS 12.0.Resultados: Aumenta el consumo (p<0,001) de frutossecos y segundas frutas y verduras. Aumentan los escolaresque desayunan y los que incorporan a éste pan ocereales. El patrón femenino mejora más que el masculino(p<0,001), especialmente en el grupo de 12 - 15años. Aumenta el porcentaje de Dieta Mediterránea Óptima(p<0,001) y el 29,6% de los escolares refieren habermodificado sus hábitos a partir de las intervenciones.Conclusiones: El programa nutricional ha influido positivamenteen la mejora del patrón alimentario, si bien esimportante la continuidad de las intervenciones(AU)
Background: The City council of Llucmajor started up inthe 2002 project of Improvement of eating habits in theschool children. The purpose is analyzing the changes tothe baseline collected in course 02-03, after thedevelopment during two years of a school-basednutritional program.Methods: There are analyzed 1537 students inquiries(83% from the done in 2002). For the measurement ofthe eating pattern, the Index of Quality of MediterraneanDiet (KIDMED) was used, completed with other variablessuch physical activity and subjective perception of change.The work was developed in May - June of 2004 and thedata were analyzed with SPSS 12.0.Results: It increases to the consumption (p<0,001) ofnuts and second fruits and vegetables. They increase thestudents who have breakfast and those that incorporateto it bread or cereals. The feminine pattern improvesmore than the masculine (p<0,001), specially in thegroup of 12 - 15 years. It increases the percentage ofOptimal Mediterranean Diet (p<0,001) and 29,6% ofthe students refer to have modified their habits from theinterventions.Conclusions: The program of nutritional education hasinfluenced positively in the improvement of the eatingpattern, although the continuity of the interventions isimportant(AU)