Quantification of Gleason Pattern 4 at MRI-Guided Biopsy to Predict Adverse Pathology at Radical Prostatectomy in Intermediate-Risk Prostate Cancer Patients.

BACKGROUND: Data on Gleason pattern 4 (GP4) amount in biopsy tissue is important for prostate cancer (PC) risk assessment. We aim to investigate which GP4 quantification method predicts adverse pathology (AP) at radical prostatectomy (RP) the best in men diagnosed with intermediate-risk (IR) PC at magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-guided biopsy. METHODS: We retrospectively included 123 patients diagnosed with IR PC (prostate-specific antigen <20 ng/mL, grade group (GG) 2 or 3, no iT3 on MRI) at MRI-guided biopsy, who underwent RP. Twelve GP4 amount-related parameters were developed, based on GP4 quantification method (absolute, relative to core, or cancer length) and site (overall, targeted, systematic biopsy, or worst specimen). Additionally, we calculated PV×GP4 (prostate volume × GP4 relative to core length in overall biopsy), aiming to represent the total GP4 volume in the prostate. The associations of GP4 with AP (GG ≥ 4, ≥pT3a, or pN1) were investigated. RESULTS: AP was reported in 39 (31.7%) of patients. GP4 relative to cancer length was not associated with AP. Of the 12 parameters, the highest ROC AUC value was seen for GP4 relative to core length in overall biopsy (0.65). an even higher AUC value was noted for PV × GP4 (0.67), with a negative predictive value of 82.8% at the optimal threshold. CONCLUSIONS: The lack of an association of GP4 relative to cancer length with AP, contrasted with the better performance of other parameters, indicates directions for future research on PC risk stratification to accurately identify patients who may not require immediate treatment. Incorporating formulas aimed at GP4 volume assessment may lead to obtaining models with the best discrimination ability.

Scrotal imaging.

Pathological lesions within the scrotum are relatively rare in imaging except for ultrasonography. The diseases presented in the paper are usually found in men at the age of 15-45, i.e. men of reproductive age, and therefore they are worth attention. Scrotal ultrasound in infertile individuals should be conducted on a routine basis owing to the fact that pathological scrotal lesions are frequently detected in this population. Malignant testicular cancers are the most common neoplasms in men at the age of 20-40. Ultrasound imaging is the method of choice characterized by the sensitivity of nearly 100% in the differentiation between intratesticular and extratesticular lesions. In the case of doubtful lesions that are not classified for intra-operative verification, nuclear magnetic resonance is applied. Computed tomography, however, is performed to monitor the progression of a neoplastic disease, in pelvic trauma with scrotal injury as well as in rare cases of scrotal hernias involving the ureters or a fragment of the urinary bladder.

Lower urinary tract symptoms and their severity in men subjected to prostate biopsy.

INTRODUCTION: Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are one of most frequent complaints among men over 50 years of age. They usually result from benign prostate hyperplasia, which often coexists with cancer. The aim of the present study is to evaluate prospectively the incidence of LUTS and their character in men subjected to prostate biopsy. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Data of men who were subjected to transrectal ultrasound guided prostate core biopsy from 1st July 2007 to 30th July 2008 in selected urological departments in Poland were analyzed. LUTS were measured with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). RESULTS: Prostate biopsy was performed in 747 men aged between 34 and 93 years (mean - 67.4; median - 68). LUTS of mild degree or no LUTS (≤7 IPSS points) were reported by 29.5% of patients. PCa was found in 60.0% of them. Among men with moderate or severe LUTS (IPSS >7 points), PCa was found in 51.4% and 55.0% of them respectively. Median PSA was 9.5 ng/ml, 9.4 ng/ml and 12.0 ng/ml in men with mild, moderate and severe LUTS respectively (NS). However, among men with severe LUTS, PCa was more likely to be less differentiated and locally advanced. CONCLUSIONS: LUTS are weak predictors of a positive result of transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. However, there is a trend to diagnose more locally advanced and less highly differentiated cancers among men with severe lower urinary tract symptoms.