Assessment of antimicrobial activity and GC-MS using culture filtrate of local marine Bacillus strains.

Secondary metabolites produced by Bacillus species from marine sources encompass a variety of compounds such as lipopeptides, isocoumarins, polyketides, macrolactones, polypeptides and fatty acids. These bioactive substances exhibit various biological activities, including antibiotic, antifungal, antiviral, and antitumor properties. This study aimed to isolate and identify a particular species of Bacillus from marine water and organisms that can produce bioactive secondary metabolites. Among the 73 Bacillus isolates collected, only 5 exhibited antagonistic activity against various viral and bacterial pathogens. The active isolates were subjected to 16S rRNA sequencing to determine their taxonomical affiliation. Among them, Bacillus tequilensis CCASU-2024-66 strain no. 42, with the accession number ON 054302 in GenBank, exhibited the highest inhibitory potential. It displayed an inhibition zone of 21 mm against Bacillus cereus while showing a minimum zone of inhibition of 9 mm against Escherichia coli and gave different inhibition against pathogenic fungi, the highest inhibition zone 15 mm against Candida albicans but the lowest inhibition zone 10 mm was against Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum. Furthermore, it demonstrated the highest percentage of virucidal effect against the Newcastle virus and influenza virus, with rates of 98.6% and 98.1%, respectively. Furthermore, GC-MS analysis was employed to examine the bioactive substance components, specifically focusing on volatile and polysaccharide compounds. Based on these results, Bacillus tequilensis strain 42 may have the potential to be employed as an antiviral agent in poultry cultures to combat Newcastle and influenza, two extremely destructive viruses, thus reducing economic losses in the poultry production sector. Bacteria can be harnessed for the purpose of preserving food and controlling pathogenic fungi in both human and plant environments. Molecular docking for the three highly active derivatives 2,3-Butanediol, 2TMS, D-Xylopyranose, 4TMS, and Glucofuranoside, methyl 2,3,5,6-tetrakis-O-(trimethylsilyl) was carried out against the active sites of Bacillus cereus, Listeria monocytogenes, Candida albicans, Newcastle virus and influenza virus. The data obtained from molecular docking is highly correlated with that obtained from biology. Moreover, these highly active compounds exhibited excellent proposed ADMET profile.

Efficacy of head postural correction program on craniovertebral angle, scapular position, and dominant hand grip strength in forward head posture subjects: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVE: Forward head posture (FHP) is a common postural disorder that alters shoulder function. This study examined the efficacy of a corrective program involving postural correction exercises (PCEs), scapular stabilization exercises (SSEs), and kinesiotaping (KT) on improving craniovertebral angle (CVA), scapular position, and dominant hand grip strength (HGS) in individuals with FHP. METHODS: Sixty subjects (8 males and 52 females, 18-40 years old) were randomly allocated into four equal groups: Group A: received PCEs only, Group B: received PCEs and SSEs, Group C: received PCEs and KT, Group D: received PCEs, SSEs and KT. All subjects received treatment for 4 weeks (4 times/week) and postural advice. Outcome measures included cranio-vertebral angle (CVA), scapular position using Lateral Scapular Slide Test and dominant HGS using a CAMRY dynamometer that were assessed at baseline and 4 weeks post intervention. RESULTS: Comparing all groups post training revealed that there were statistically significant increases (p < 0.05) in all measured variables (CVA, scapular position and dominant HGS) in favor of group (D). CONCLUSION: Combination of PCEs, SSEs and KT interventions has achieved the best gains in terms of CVA, dominant HGS and regaining optimal scapular position in FHP subjects.

Optimized Ultraviolet-C Processing Inactivates Pathogenic and Spoilage-Associated Bacteria while Preserving Bioactive Proteins, Vitamins, and Lipids in Human Milk.

Holder pasteurization (HoP) enhances donor human milk microbiological safety but damages many bioactive milk proteins. Though ultraviolet-C irradiation (UV-C) can enhance safety while better preserving some milk proteins, it has not been optimized for dose or effect on a larger array of bioactive proteins. We determined the minimal UV-C parameters that provide >5-log reductions of relevant bacteria in human milk and how these treatments affect an array of bioactive proteins, vitamin E, and lipid oxidation. Treatment at 6000 and 12 000 J/L of UV-C resulted in >5-log reductions of all vegetative bacteria and bacterial spores, respectively. Both dosages improved retention of immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, IgM, lactoferrin, cathepsin D, and elastase and activities of bile-salt-stimulated lipase and lysozyme compared with HoP. These UV-C doses caused minor reductions in α-tocopherol but not γ-tocopherol and no increases in lipid oxidation products. UV-C treatment is a promising approach for donor human milk processing.

Exploring the prevalence, clinical spectrum, and determinants of uncontrolled hypertension in the emergency department: Insights from a hospital-based study in Somalia.

BACKGROUND: Uncontrolled hypertension (UH) is a significant public health issue in both developed and developing countries. This study aimed to analyze the clinical spectrum and degrees of severity of hypertension, antihypertensive use, and factors associated with UH. METHOD: Hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the emergency-department of Mogadishu Somali Turkey Training and Research Hospital from September 2021 to August 2022. A total of 278 hypertensive patients were selected using a convenient sampling technique. Data was entered into and cleaned by Excel and exported to SPSS version-26.0 for analysis. A binary logistic regression model (AOR, 95 % CI and p-value<0.05) was used to determine the predictors of UH. RESULTS: The prevalence of UH was 62 %(n = 172). Of the total respondents, 144(51.8 %) were males. The predominance of the respondents(n = 147, 52.9 %) were in the age group 40-69years. Almost 65.8 %(n = 183) of the participants were married. 112(40.3 %) of the participants had no formal education. The majority of the participants (n = 192, 69.1 % %) were unemployed. 225(81 %) patients had at least one or more coexisting diseases. Diabetes was the most common comorbid(47.4 %). The most common clinical manifestations observed in the study group were headache(21 %). According to the stages of hypertension, most of the patients have a Hypertensive crisis(20.9 %). Among the participants, 50 % were on calcium channel blockers(CCBs). Additionally, the majority (53.2 %) were receiving monotherapy. Patients who have no comorbidity (AOR = 0.178, 95 % CI:0.066-0.447), not performed diet control (AOR = 15.475, 95 % CI:6.666-35.929), and non-adherence to physical-activity (AOR = 5.585, 95 % CI:2.834-12.792) are independent predictors of UH. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of UH among patients with hypertension in Somalia was high. Unhealthy lifestyles and non-adherence to physical activity were the major modifiable risk factors for UH. Regular health education during follow-up visits by nurses and physicians is crucial in preventing the issue by providing continuous information on lifestyle practices and the potential complications associated with hypertension.

The mediating role of cardiac patients' perception of nursing care on the relationship between kinesiophobia, anxiety and depression in rural hospitals: a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: Kinesiophobia could act as a significant barrier against physical activity following cardiac procedures worsening cardiovascular health problems and potentially leading to conditions like hospital-acquired anxiety and depression among patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD). Nurses are the vanguard health care team who can aid patients in taking proactive steps to overcome fear of movement following cardiac procedures. AIM: The overarching aim is to investigate the relationship between kinesiophobia, anxiety and depression, and patients' perception of nursing care. METHOD: A descriptive correlational research design in two rural hospitals, conducted at cardiac intensive care units of Kafr Eldawar Hospital and Damanhur Medical National Institute. Data were collected from 265 nurses, using the following patient-reported outcome measures, the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), the Person-Centered Critical Care Nursing Questionnaire (PCCNP) and the patients' demographic and clinical profile. RESULT: A significant negative correlation was found between HADS and PCCNP (r: -0.510, p < 0.001) however, Kinesiophobia was significantly and positively correlated (r: 0.271, p < 0.001). A direct effect of PCCNP in the presence of the mediator was found to be not statistically significant (-0.015, CR = 0.302, p = 0.763). Nonetheless, PCCNP indirectly affects kinesiophobia through HADS (p=-0.099). IMPLICATION FOR NURSING PRACTICE: Customizing individualized cardiac rehabilitation (CR) programs based on the emotional experience of cardiac patients will be conducive to rehabilitation and prognosis for patients, thereby lessening the physical burden and improving their quality of life.

Inhibitory effect of food-functioned phytochemicals on dysregulated inflammatory pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2: a mechanistic review.

Inflammatory cascades of the dysregulated inflammatory pathways in COVID-19 can cause excessive production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines leading to cytokine storm syndrome (CSS). The molecular cascades involved in the pathways may be targeted for discovery of new anti-inflammatory agents. Many plant extracts have been used clinically in the management of COVID-19, however, their immunosuppressive activities were mainly investigated based on in silico activity. Dietary flavonoids of the extracts such as quercetin, luteolin, kaempferol, naringenin, isorhamnetin, baicalein, wogonin, and rutin were commonly identified as responsible for their inhibitory effects. The present review critically analyzes the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of phytochemicals, including dietary compounds against cytokine storm (CS) and hyperinflammation via inhibition of the altered inflammatory pathways triggered by SARS-CoV-2, published since the emergence of COVID-19 in December 2019. Only a few phytochemicals, mainly dietary compounds such as nanocurcumin, melatonin, quercetin, 6-shagoal, kaempferol, resveratrol, andrographolide, and colchicine have been investigated either in in silico or preliminary clinical studies to evaluate their anti-inflammatory effects against COVID-19. Sufficient pre-clinical studies on safety and efficacy of anti-inflammatory effects of the phytochemicals must be performed prior to proper clinical studies to develop them into therapeutic adjuvants in the prevention and treatmemt of COVID-19 symptoms.

Protective Effects of Propolis and Chitosan Nanoparticles against Ibuprofen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats.

Post-marketing hepatotoxicity findings are more common or occur much later. NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) like ibuprofen are consumed in large quantities around the world. NSAIDs have a low incidence of hepatotoxicity but their wide use makes them a major contributor to drug-induced liver injury. Hepatitis is linked to systemic oxidative stress which results in cellular necrosis and fibrosis, as well as tissue lipoprotein peroxidation and glutathione depletion. Given the lack of safe and effective anti-hepatitis drugs in medicine today, natural substances appear to be a promising and safe alternative. Propolis and chitosan are considered natural substances that have a protective effect on the hepatocytes. The purpose of this study was to validate the protective effect of propolis/chitosan nanoparticle extracts on ibuprofen-induced hepatotoxicity. Thirty (30) albino rats were used for the experiment. Animals were exposed to ibuprofen (400 mg/kg body weight/day) for 4 weeks (7 days/week) followed by treatment with propolis (200 mg/kg body weight/day) and chitosan extract (200 mg/kg body weight/day) separately and also in combination for consecutive 4 weeks. This study revealed a significant increase in serum transaminases, alkaline phosphatase, albumin, and total bilirubin in serum, as well as an increase in lipid peroxidation (MDA) and nitric oxide (NO). Furthermore, GSH, GST, and SOD decreased significantly in the group that was exposed to ibuprofen. Furthermore, there was a significant increase in pro-inflammatory parameters such as IL-1ß and NF-ĸB, as well as low levels of anti-inflammatory parameters such as IL-6 and BCl-2. These alterations were improved by propolis and chitosan extracts, which was further confirmed in experimental animals. This study demonstrated that propolis and chitosan nanoparticle extracts have the potential to protect against hepatotoxicity induced by ibuprofen, due to their ability to regulate anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative defense activities.

Effect of Thermo-mechanical Cycling on Fracture Resistance of Different CAD/CAM Crowns: An In Vitro Study.

AIM: To evaluate the effect of thermo-mechanical cycling (TMC) on fracture resistance of different computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacture (CAD/CAM) crowns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 42 CAD/CAM crowns were fabricated on epoxy resin maxillary first premolar teeth and divided into three groups (n = 14) according to the material used: IPS e.max CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent) lithium disilicate (LD), Vita ENAMIC (VE) (VITA Zahnfabrik), Tetric CAD (Ivoclar Vivadent). Also, each group was subdivided into two equal subgroups according to TMC (n = 7). Subgroups (O) without TMC and subgroup (W) with TMC (5-55°C, 30 second, 75,000 cycles). All samples in each group were cemented with a universal bond (Tetric N bond universal) and adhesive resin cement (Variolink Esthetic DC) (Ivoclar Vivadent). Subsequently, the samples were loaded to failure in a universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 1 mm/min, and the fracture pattern and the fracture resistance in each group were recorded. RESULTS: Fracture resistance was analyzed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test, followed by Tukey's post hoc test for pairwise comparison. Fracture resistance showed a significant difference between the tested groups before and after TMC; IPS e.max CAD has the highest value (1233.35 ± 97.72, 1165.73 ± 199.54 N) followed by Tetric CAD (927.62 ± 42.5, 992.04 ± 53.46 N) and Vita ENAMIC has lowest value (506.49 ± 74.24, 354.69 ± 90.36 N). CONCLUSION: Thermo-mechanical cycling affected the fracture resistance of both polymer-based CAD/CAM crowns. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: For dental practitioners, both IPS e.max CAD and Tetric CAD can be used clinically for posterior teeth, providing satisfactory results and resistance to fracture. How to cite this article: Elmokadem MI, Haggag KM, Mohamed HR. Effect of Thermo-mechanical Cycling on Fracture Resistance of Different CAD/CAM Crowns: An In Vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2024;25(1):29-34.

Pulse azathioprine (AZA) and low dose methotrexate (MTX) versus standard dose MTX in treatment of patients with moderate to severe psoriasis, a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Psoriasis is a common chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory skin disease. Despite the availability of several systemic therapeutic agents, treatment of psoriasis remains a challenge because of the associated adverse effects and/or the financial burden of these medications, given the chronicity of the disease. AIM: We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of combined pulse azathioprine (AZA) and low dose methotrexate versus conventional dose of methotrexate (MTX) in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 67 patients with moderate to severe plaque psoriasis were randomized into 2 groups, receiving either combined pulse AZA (300 mg weekly dose) and low dose MTX (10 mg weekly) or conventional dose MTX (0.3 mg/kg/week) for 16 weeks. Patients were assessed for treatment response using PASI score and for the development of any adverse effects at weeks 12 and 16 and for a further 3 months after stoppage of treatment. RESULTS: A statistically significant higher proportion of the patients receiving combined pulse AZA and low dose MTX achieved PASI 90 and PASI 100 at week 12 and PASI 100 at week 16, compared to those receiving conventional dose of MTX monotherapy. No serious adverse events were reported during the entire study period in the two groups. CONCLUSION: Combination therapy using pulse AZA and low dose MTX can be an efficacious treatment for moderate to severe plaque psoriasis with a relatively good safety profile.

The Value of Endoscopic Exposure of Round Window in Cochlear Implant via Facial Recess.

Introduction Cochlear implantation has been considered as the best treatment in patients with severe to profound hearing loss unaidable with hearing aids. The main value of endoscope-assisted cochlear implantation is improved visibility of the RW Objective to assess the value of endoscopic assisted CI surgery via facial recess approach without elevating tympanic anulus. Methods This Prospective case series study non-randomized sample was performed on 50 patients with severe to profound hearing loss unaidable with hearing aids undergoing unilateral endoscopic assisted cochlear implant surgery with round window electrode insertion Results There were 23 male and 27 female patients. Most of the cases were children (41 cases). Of those 50 patients, 39 were prelingually hearing impaired. Four cases had various inner ear abnormalities. The standard mastoidectomy and Posterior Tympanotomy approach were used for all cases. Endoscopic identification of the RW through the PT enabled us to perform regular surgery in all cases. The current study concludes the difference between microscopic exposure and endoscopic exposure represented by Saint Tomas classification found that endoscopic exposure of round window classification is better represented by downgrading in the classification of round window exposure as type I 29(58%), type IIa 18(36%) type IIb 3 (6%) Non were type III by endoscopic exposure compared to microscopic exposure of round window is a type I 7(14%), type II 14(28%), type IIb 22(44%) and type III 7 (14%). Conclusion Endoscopy proved a great value in exposure and identification of RW in CI surgery through posterior tympanotomy approach.

Perceived stress, coping strategies, symptoms severity and function status among carpal tunnel syndrome patients: a nurse-led correlational Study.

BACKGROUND: Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is a prevalent condition characterized by hand pain, tingling, and numbness. The severity of symptoms and functional status in CTS patients may be influenced by perceived stress and how individuals cope with it. However, scarce knowledge exists about the role of coping strategies as moderators in this relationship. Unfolding the role of perceived stress and coping strategies for CTS management will help the nurse to provide comprehensive and tailored nursing care. This will ultimately improve patient comfort, functionality, and quality of life. PURPOSES: This study aimed to examine the role of coping strategies (adaptive and maladaptive) in the relationship between perceived stress and both symptoms severity and function status among those patients. METHOD: We employed a multisite, correlational study design with moderation analysis. The study included 215 patients with CTS from neurosurgery outpatient clinics at three hospitals in Egypt. After obtaining their consent to participate, eligible participants completed anonymous, self-reported measures of perceived stress, the brief COPE inventory, and the Boston Carpal Tunnel Questionnaire. Demographic and biomedical data were also collected. The questionnaire took about 20 min to be completed. The data was collected over six months, starting in February 2023. RESULTS: The results showed that perceived stress, adaptive coping, and maladaptive coping were significant predictors of symptoms severity and functional status. Adaptive coping moderated the relationships between perceived stress and both symptoms severity and function status, while maladaptive coping did not. The interaction between perceived stress and adaptive coping explained a moderate effect on symptoms severity and function status after controlling for the main effects and the covariates. CONCLUSION: This study explored the relationship between perceived stress, coping strategies, and outcomes in patients with CTS. The results indicate that nurses play a vital role in assessing and assisting patients to adopt effective coping strategies to manage perceived stress and alleviate symptoms and functional impairment. Moreover, the findings support the need for psychological interventions that address both perceived stress and coping strategies as a way to enhance the functioning status and quality of life of patients with CTS.

Epidemiological characteristics, etiological spectrum, and outcomes of adult patients with pericardial effusion at a Teaching Hospital in Somalia.

Background: Pericardial effusion (PE) is an abnormal fluid volume in the pericardial space and is a common clinical entity. The incidence of PE is estimated diversely and depends on risk factors, etiologies, and geographic locations. Objectives: This study aimed to assess the clinical characteristics, etiologic spectrum, echocardiographic features, and outcomes among patients with different types of PE. Method: This retrospective observational study included 93 patients with confirmed PE. Their medical records were reviewed in the hospital information system of Mogadishu Somali Turkish Training and Research Hospital between April 2022 and September 2022. Patient demographics, clinical characteristics, chest X-rays, echocardiography, laboratory findings, management approaches, and outcome reports were reviewed and recorded. Results: Out of the 3000 participants, 3.1% (n = 93/3000) met the definition of definitive PE. In this study, we included 51 females and 42 males. Among the patients, 86% (n = 80) had at least one comorbidity, with diabetes (38.7%) and hypertension (37.6%) being the most common. The most frequently reported clinical presentation findings were shortness of breath (67.7%), chest pain (49.4%), cough (47.3%), and palpitations (47.3%). Cardiac tamponade developed in 9.7% (n = 9) of the patients. Pericardial taps were performed in 64.5% of the cases. Our analysis showed that the most common cause of PE was cardiac disease (n = 33, 35.4%), followed by tuberculosis (TB) (n = 25, 26.8%), uremic pericarditis (n = 24, 25.8%), and hypothyroidism (n = 10, 10.7%). Regarding the severity of PE based on echocardiographic findings, nearly half of the patients (n = 46, 49.4%) had mild PE, whereas 26.8% (n = 25) had moderate PE, and 23.6% (n = 22) had severe PE. Two-thirds of the cases (66.6%) were managed with furosemide, 48 (51.6%) patients were treated with an anti-inflammatory, hemodialysis was performed in 24 (25.8%) patients and antituberculous medications were administered to 7 (7.5%) patients. Out of the 93 patients, 24 (25.8%) died during the hospital stay. It was determined that the mortality risk of patients with renal failure was 7.518 times higher than those without (p = 0.004), and the risk for those with TB was 5.554 times higher than those without (p = 0.011). Other variables were not influential on mortality (p > 0.050). Conclusion: Our study results demonstrate the epidemiological profile of PE in Somalia. The leading causes of PE were cardiac diseases, uremic pericarditis, TB, and hypothyroidism. PE is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in Somalia, especially in individuals with renal failure and TB infection.

Climate anxiety, environmental attitude, and job engagement among nursing university colleagues: a multicenter descriptive study.

BACKGROUND: Climate change, a pervasive global phenomenon, exerts discernible impacts on the physical, social, and psychological dimensions of well-being. The apprehension surrounding this complex environmental issue has reached a critical juncture, with over 76,000 individuals across more than thirty nations expressing profound levels of concern, characterizing their anxiety as either "very" or "extremely" pronounced. This surge in awareness regarding the potential consequences of climate change has given rise to an emergent and escalating challenge known as climate anxiety. This distinctive form of anxiety manifests through profound feelings of fear, helplessness, and despair elicited by the impending repercussions of climate change. Notably, the intersection of climate anxiety with occupational domains, particularly within the context of Nursing University Colleagues, suggests a nuanced relationship with job engagement, wherein the psychological responses to climate change may influence professional commitment and involvement. AIM OF THE STUDY: To examine the correlation among Climate Anxiety, Environmental Attitude, and Job Engagement among Nursing University Colleagues comprising eight distinct nursing faculties. DESIGN: A multicenter descriptive, cross-sectional research design study followed. SUBJECT: Three hundred fifty-nine participants from the Centre, Delta, West, Suez Canal, and Upper regions of Egypt using a stratified random cluster sampling technique. MEASUREMENTS: Social and health related to climate data structured questionnaire, climate anxiety scale, environmental attitude inventory, and job engagement scale. RESULTS: The influence of demographics on climate anxiety, environmental attitude, and job involvement was not observed. Nevertheless, geographical variations emerged as a noteworthy factor. A statistically significant inverse correlation was identified between climate anxiety, job engagement dimensions, and the overall score of environmental attitudes. CONCLUSION: Climate anxiety was strongly associated with environmental attitudes and job engagement among nursing university colleagues. Higher climate anxiety is associated with a lower attitude towards the environment and decreased job engagement. Additionally, a higher attitude towards the environment is associated with decreased overall engagement in participants' jobs. IMPLICATIONS: The study's patterns make it clear how important it is to provide targeted psycho-educational interventions to help reduce climate anxiety among the group of nursing university colleagues. The imperative lies not only in alleviating the immediate psychological distress associated with heightened climate anxiety but also in fostering adaptive coping mechanisms. By doing so, these interventions serve as instrumental tools in nurturing resilience, thereby fortifying the mental well-being of nursing professionals amidst the evolving landscape of climate-related concerns.

Altered Autonomic Function in Metabolic Syndrome: Interactive Effects of Multiple Components.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) describes a set of disorders that collectively influence cardiovascular health, and includes hypertension, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes, and dyslipidemia. All these components (hypertension, obesity, dyslipidemia, and prediabetes/diabetes) have been shown to modify autonomic function. The major autonomic dysfunction that has been documented with each of these components is in the control of sympathetic outflow to the heart and periphery at rest and during exercise through modulation of the arterial baroreflex and the muscle metaboreflex. Many studies have described MetS components in singularity or in combination with the other major components of metabolic syndrome. However, many studies lack the capability to study all the factors of metabolic syndrome in one model or have not focused on studying the effects of how each component as it arises influences overall autonomic function. The goal of this review is to describe the current understanding of major aspects of metabolic syndrome that most likely contribute to the consequent/associated autonomic alterations during exercise and discuss their effects, as well as bring light to alternative mechanisms of study.

Molecular docking and dynamics simulation studies uncover the host-pathogen protein-protein interactions in Penaeus vannamei and Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

Shrimp aquaculture contributes significantly to global economic growth, and the whiteleg shrimp, Penaeus vannamei, is a leading species in this industry. However, Vibrio parahaemolyticus infection poses a major challenge in ensuring the success of P. vannamei aquaculture. Despite its significance in this industry, the biological knowledge of its pathogenesis remains unclear. Hence, this study was conducted to identify the interaction sites and binding affinity between several immune-related proteins of P. vannamei with V. parahaemolyticus proteins associated with virulence factors. Potential interaction sites and the binding affinity between host and pathogen proteins were identified using molecular docking and dynamics (MD) simulation. The P. vannamei-V. parahaemolyticus protein-protein interaction of Complex 1 (Ferritin-HrpE/YscL family type III secretion apparatus protein), Complex 2 (Protein kinase domain-containing protein-Chemotaxis CheY protein), and Complex 3 (GPCR-Chemotaxis CheY protein) was found to interact with -4319.76, -5271.39, and -4725.57 of the docked score and the formation of intermolecular bonds at several interacting residues. The docked scores of Complex 1, Complex 2, and Complex 3 were validated using MD simulation analysis, which revealed these complexes greatly contribute to the interactions between P. vannamei and V. parahaemolyticus proteins, with binding free energies of -22.50 kJ/mol, -30.20 kJ/mol, and -26.27 kJ/mol, respectively. This finding illustrates the capability of computational approaches to search for molecular binding sites between host and pathogen, which could increase the knowledge of Vibrio spp. infection on shrimps, which then can be used to assist in the development of effective treatment.

Hooked on technology: examining the co-occurrence of nomophobia and impulsive sensation seeking among nursing students.

BACKGROUND: Nomophobia, the crippling fear of being disconnected from mobile devices, is a burgeoning global concern. Given the critical nature of the profession of nursing students, understanding nomophobia's prevalence and potential impacts on patient care and professional conductors becomes even more crucial. AIM: This study explores the relationship between nomophobia and impulsive sensation-seeking among nursing students in Egypt. DESIGN AND METHODS: A multicenter cross-sectional survey was conducted with 1626 nursing students randomly selected from three universities across Egypt. TOOLS: The Arabic versions of the Nomophobia and Impulsive Sensation Seeking Questionnaires were employed to gather data. RESULTS: Our findings revealed that 40.3% of the surveyed nursing students exhibited severe nomophobia, indicating a substantial dependence on their mobile devices. Notably, this high prevalence was accompanied by a strong tendency towards impulsive sensation-seeking behaviors. Furthermore, a stepwise regression analysis identified several significant predictors of nomophobia (p < 0.001). Impulsive sensation-seeking, year of study, average daily smartphone usage, and age emerged as key factors, explaining 27.5% of the variability in nomophobia scores. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of nomophobia among Egyptian nursing students is undeniable, highlighting their substantial reliance on mobile devices. A significant association with impulsive sensation-seeking behavior further compounds this dependence. Factors such as impulsive sensation seeking, year of study, average daily smartphone usage, and age were identified as significant predictors of nomophobia. Recognizing these factors as key predictors of nomophobia is crucial for designing effective interventions and psychotherapies. Prioritizing such interventions can promote future nurses' well-being and ensure they deliver the highest quality care to their patients.

The effects of dexmedetomidine on intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring modalities during corrective scoliosis surgery in pediatric patients: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: During scoliosis surgery, motor evoked potentials (MEP), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) have been reported to be affected by the use of higher doses of anesthetic agents. Dexmedetomidine, a sympatholytic agent, an alpha-2 receptor agonist, has been used as an adjunctive agent to lower anesthetic dose. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding the effects of dexmedetomidine on the intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring of MEP and SSEP during surgery, particularly among pediatric patients. OBJECTIVES: This systematic review aimed to determine whether, during spinal fusion surgery in pediatric patients with scoliosis, dexmedetomidine alters MEP amplitude or SSEP latency and amplitude and, if so, whether different doses of dexmedetomidine display different effects (PROSPERO registration number CRD42022300562). METHODS: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library on January 1, 2022 and included randomized controlled trials, observational cohort and case-control studies and case series investigating dexmedetomidine in the population of interest and comparing against a standardized anesthesia regimen without dexmedetomidine or comparing multiple doses of dexmedetomidine. Animal and in vitro studies and conference abstracts were excluded. RESULTS: We found substantial heterogeneity in the risk of bias (per Cochrane-preferred tools) of the included articles (n = 5); results are summarized without meta-analysis. Articles with the lowest risk of bias indicated that dexmedetomidine was associated with MEP loss and that higher doses of dexmedetomidine increased risk. In contrast, articles reporting no association between dexmedetomidine and MEP loss suffered from higher risk of bias, including suspected or confirmed problems with confounding, outcome measurement, participant selection, results reporting, and lack of statistical transparency and power. CONCLUSION: Given the limitations of the studies available in the literature, it would be advisable to conduct rigorous randomized controlled trials with larger sample sizes to assess the effects of dexmedetomidine use of in scoliosis surgery in pediatric patients.

A Hitchhiker's guide to RNA-RNA structure and interaction prediction tools.

RNA biology has risen to prominence after a remarkable discovery of diverse functions of noncoding RNA (ncRNA). Most untranslated transcripts often exert their regulatory functions into RNA-RNA complexes via base pairing with complementary sequences in other RNAs. An interplay between RNAs is essential, as it possesses various functional roles in human cells, including genetic translation, RNA splicing, editing, ribosomal RNA maturation, RNA degradation and the regulation of metabolic pathways/riboswitches. Moreover, the pervasive transcription of the human genome allows for the discovery of novel genomic functions via RNA interactome investigation. The advancement of experimental procedures has resulted in an explosion of documented data, necessitating the development of efficient and precise computational tools and algorithms. This review provides an extensive update on RNA-RNA interaction (RRI) analysis via thermodynamic- and comparative-based RNA secondary structure prediction (RSP) and RNA-RNA interaction prediction (RIP) tools and their general functions. We also highlighted the current knowledge of RRIs and the limitations of RNA interactome mapping via experimental data. Then, the gap between RSP and RIP, the importance of RNA homologues, the relationship between pseudoknots, and RNA folding thermodynamics are discussed. It is hoped that these emerging prediction tools will deepen the understanding of RNA-associated interactions in human diseases and hasten treatment processes.

Clinicodemographic characteristics and prognostic role of myasthenia gravis in thymoma: Experience from a Saudi population.

OBJECTIVES: The objectives of the study were to determine the clinicodemographic characteristics and the prognostic role of myasthenia gravis (MG) in thymoma. METHODS: The records of patients who underwent surgical resection of thymoma at King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center in the past 23 years were reviewed. Seventy thymoma patients were finally included and were then categorized based on MG status into the MG group (39 patients) and the non-MG group (31 patients). Collected data included patients' demographic characteristics, tumor characteristics, and postoperative clinical outcomes. All analyses were conducted using SPSS. The comparison between both groups was tested using the Student t-test and Chi-square test for continuous and categorical variables, respectively. A P = 0.05 or less indicated statistical significance. RESULTS: Patients' age ranged from 11 to 76 years, and female predominance was observed (55.7%). Compared to the non-MG group, no difference in patients' gender was observed (P = 0.058); however, MG patients had a younger age (39.30 vs. 48.77, P = 0.0095). No difference was noted between both groups based on the World Health Organization classification (P = 0.398), but MG patients tended to present with less-advanced tumors based on the TNM classification (P = 0.039) and lower stage based on the MASAOKA staging system (P = 0.017). No significant change in tumor size (P = 0.077), resectability (P = 0.507), and adjuvant therapy (P = 0.075) were observed. MG was not significantly associated with postoperative complications, morbidity, or mortality. However, it exhibited a prognostic protective role in terms of lower recurrence (2.56% vs. 35.48%, P = 0.0001) and longer survival duration (18.62 vs. 10.21 years, P < 0.001) as compared to non-MG patients. CONCLUSIONS: MG occurrence in thymoma patients is more likely to occur at a younger age, higher TNM classification, and advanced MASAOKA stage. Although no significant association was noted between MG and complications and mortality, MG exhibited a protective role in thymoma by providing a lower recurrence rate and longer survival duration.

Compassion fatigue and stress related to cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a study of critical care nurses' experiences.

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is considered one of the most stressful experiences in critical care nursing; it directly and indirectly leads to compassion fatigue and burnout. AIM: Determine the levels of and relationship between postcode stress and compassion fatigue. DESIGN AND METHODS: A descriptive-correlational study using 300 critical care nurses from five intensive care units in two hospitals was conducted. TOOLS: Demographic and work-related data, the Postcode Stress Scale, and the Professional Quality of Life Scale: Compassion Fatigue subscale. RESULTS: Nurses had moderate to high postcode stress and compassion fatigue (67.98 ± 16.39 and 65.40±14.34, respectively). Moreover, there was a significant positive correlation between postcode stress, burnout (r=0.350, p=<0.001), secondary traumatic stress (r=0.518, p=<0.001), and subsequently, compassion fatigue (r=0.449, p=<0.001). In addition, higher levels of postcode stress were associated with higher levels of compassion fatigue with its subscales: burnout and secondary traumatic stress, with a coefficient of determination for compassion fatigue (0.199), burnout subscale (0.121), and secondary traumatic stress (0.266). CONCLUSION: Critical care nurses involved in resuscitation experiences are susceptible to postcode stress, burnout, secondary traumatic stress, and compassion fatigue. There is a significant relationship between these factors, with higher levels of postcode stress contributing to higher levels of compassion fatigue and its subscales: burnout and secondary traumatic stress. These results highlight the importance of addressing and managing the psychological well-being of nurses in resuscitation settings to mitigate the adverse effects of stress and promote their overall resilience and well-being.