ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Intensive care units are known as high-stress environments for family members, this can be higher when the patient is a son or daughter and the parents must face the disease along with everything that the hospital environment implies. The Parental Stressor Scale Infant Hospitalization (PSSIH) instrument is a tool used to measure stressors in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU), however, the scale is not validated in Chile. The objective of this study is to culturally validate and adapt the instrument "the modified Parental Stressor Scale Infant Hospitalization" in mothers/fathers of hospitalized children in the PICU of a University Hospital. METHOD: Instrumental validation study. After translating and counter-translating the English version of the instrument, a group of 10 expert professionals evaluated the Spanish adaptation. Then, 10 parents of hospitalized children in the PICU evaluated the understanding of the instrument. The psychometric properties of the instrument were evaluated using exploratory factorial analysis and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The Chilean version of the "modified PSSIH" was applied to a sample of 221 parents, with minimal semantic modifications and the expert judges considered the instrument adequate, therefore, it was not necessary to delete any item. The 3-dimensional solution was chosen, which explained 48.89% of the total instrument variance. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.885, 0.902, and 0.703 respectively for each dimension. Con clusion: The modified PSSIH has proved to be a reliable and valid instrument in a sample of Chilean children hospitalized in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital. The name in Spanish of the scale is "Escala de Evaluación de Estresores Parentales en niños hospitalizados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos" (EEEP - UCIP).
Subject(s)
Child, Hospitalized , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Parents/psychology , Stress, Psychological/epidemiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Chile , Female , Hospitalization , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Language , Male , Middle Aged , Psychometrics , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: Las unidades de cuidados intensivos son conocidas como ambientes de alto estrés para los familiares, este puede ser mayor cuando el paciente es un hijo/hija y los padres deben enfrentar la enfermedad y el ambiente hospitalario. El instrumento "The Parental Stressor Scale Infant Hospitali zation (PSSIH), es una herramienta utilizada para medir estresores en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP), sin embargo, la escala no está validada en Chile. El objetivo de este estudio es validar y adaptar culturalmente el instrumento "The Parental Stressor Scale Infant Hospitalization modificado" en madres/padres de niños hospitalizados en la UCIP de un Hospital Universitario. MÉTODO: Estudio instrumental de validación. Luego de traducir y contratraducir la versión en inglés del instrumento, un grupo de 10 profesionales expertos evaluó la adaptación al español. Luego 10 padres/ madres de niños hospitalizados en la UCIP evaluaron la comprensión del instrumento. Las propiedades psicométricas del instrumento fueron evaluadas utilizando un análisis factorial exploratorio y alfa de Cronbach. RESULTADOS: Se aplicó en una muestra de 221 padres/madres la versión chilena del "PSSIH modificado", tuvo mínimas modificaciones semánticas y los jueces expertos consideraron adecuado el instrumento, por lo que no fue necesario borrar ningún ítem. Se eligió la solución de 3 dimensiones, que explicaron el 48,89% de la varianza total del instrumento. El alfa de Cronbach fue de 0,885, 0,902 y 0,703 respectivamente para cada dimensión. CONCLUSIÓN: El PSSIH modificado ha demostrado ser un instrumento confiable y valido en una muestra de niños chilenos hospitalizados en una Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos de un hospital universitario , cuyo nombre en español es "Escala de Evaluación de Estresores Parentales en niños hospitalizados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos" (EEEP - UCIP).
INTRODUCTION: Intensive care units are known as high-stress environments for family members, this can be higher when the patient is a son or daughter and the parents must face the disease along with everything that the hospital environment implies. The Parental Stressor Scale Infant Hospitalization (PSSIH) instrument is a tool used to measure stressors in Pediatric Intensive Care Units (PICU), however, the scale is not validated in Chile. The objective of this study is to culturally validate and adapt the instrument "the modified Parental Stressor Scale Infant Hospitalization" in mothers/fathers of hospitalized children in the PICU of a University Hospital. METHOD: Instrumental validation study. After translating and counter-translating the English version of the instrument, a group of 10 expert professionals evaluated the Spanish adaptation. Then, 10 parents of hospitalized children in the PICU evaluated the understanding of the instrument. The psychometric properties of the instrument were evaluated using exploratory factorial analysis and Cronbach's alpha. RESULTS: The Chilean version of the "modified PSSIH" was applied to a sample of 221 parents, with minimal semantic modifications and the expert judges considered the instrument adequate, therefore, it was not necessary to delete any item. The 3-dimensional solution was chosen, which explained 48.89% of the total instrument variance. The Cronbach's alpha was 0.885, 0.902, and 0.703 respectively for each dimension. CONCLUSION: The modified PSSIH has proved to be a reliable and valid instrument in a sample of Chilean children hospitalized in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit of a university hospital. The name in Spanish of the scale is "Escala de Evaluación de Estresores Parentales en niños hospitalizados en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos" (EEEP - UCIP).
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Parents/psychology , Stress, Psychological , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Child, Hospitalized , Psychometrics , Chile , Surveys and Questionnaires , Hospitalization , LanguageABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The hospitalization of a child is a situation that produces a high level of stress on parents, especially at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). OBJECTIVE: To determine which are the main stressors perceived by the parents of children hospitalized at PICU and the associated variables. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational study, which considers the secondary analysis of data from the IDA project # 201403 of UC School of Nursing: Validation of "The parental stressor scale infant hospitalization in Spanish" (PSSIH modified). Sampling was non probabilistic by convenience, with 217 parents of children at the PICU of a University hospital, who answered a demographic questionnaire and the modified PSSIH instrument to measure stressors in the PICU environment. RESULTS: Three dimensions of stressors were identified: Clinical, Emotional and Communication with the professional team. The clinical dimension was the most stressful, with the factors images or sounds, procedures and interventions and the aspect of the child, dimensions related to behavior and communication with the team were less stressful. In addition, it is associated with a greater perception of stress in the different dimensions, when having: previous experiences in PICU, programmed admission, admission due tocardiac pathology, single child, higher educational level and no partner. CONCLUSIONS: The modified PSSIH instrument made it possible to determine the main stressors perceived by the parents of children in the PICU, the Clinical dimension being the major stressor. These results are useful for developing local intervention programs according to the particular characteristics of the PICU.
Subject(s)
Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Parents/psychology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Adolescent , Adult , Child , Child, Preschool , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Male , Middle Aged , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCCIÓN: La hospitalización de un hijo es una situación que produce un alto nivel de estrés en padres/madres, especialmente en Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos Pediátricos (UCIP). OBJETIVO: Determinar cuáles son los principales estresores percibidos por los padres/madres de niños/as en UCIP y qué variables se asocian. PACIENTES Y MÉTODO: Estudio cuantitativo, trasversal y correlacional, contempla el análisis secundario de datos del proyecto de Investigación Docente Asistencial # 201403 de Escuela de Enfermería UC: Validación de "The Parental Stressor Scale Infant Hospitalization al español" (PSSIH modificado). El muestreo fue no probabilístico por conveniencia, con 217 padres de niños/as en la UCIP de un hospital universitario, quienes contestaron un cuestionario demográfico y el instrumento PSSIH modificado para medir estresores en el ambiente de la UCIP. RESULTADOS: Se identificaron 3 dimensiones de estresores: Clínica, Emocional y Comunicación con el equipo profesional. La dimensión clínica fue la más estresante, con los factores imágenes o sonidos, procedimientos e intervenciones y el aspecto del hijo, las dimensiones relacionadas con la conducta y la comunicación con el equipo resultaron menos estresantes. Además, se asocian a una mayor percepción de estrés para las distintas dimensiones, tener: experiencias previas en UCIP, ingreso programado, ingreso por patología cardiaca, hijo único, mayor nivel educacional y no tener pareja. CONCLUSIONES: El instrumento PSSIH modificado permitió determinar principales estresores percibidos por los padres/ madres de niños/as en UCIP, siendo la dimensión Clínica, el mayor estresor. Estos resultados son útiles para desarrollar programas de intervención local según características particulares de las UCIP.
INTRODUCTION: The hospitalization of a child is a situation that produces a high level of stress on parents, especially at the Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU). OBJECTIVE: To determine which are the main stressors perceived by the parents of children hospitalized at PICU and the associated variables. PATIENTS AND METHOD: A quantitative, cross-sectional and correlational study, which considers the secondary analysis of data from the IDA project # 201403 of UC School of Nursing: Validation of "The parental stressor scale infant hospitalization in Spanish" (PSSIH modified). Sampling was non probabilistic by convenience, with 217 parents of children at the PICU of a University hospital, who answered a demographic questionnaire and the modified PSSIH instrument to measure stressors in the PICU environment. RESULTS: Three dimensions of stressors were identified: Clinical, Emotional and Communication with the professional team. The clinical dimension was the most stressful, with the factors images or sounds, procedures and interventions and the aspect of the child, dimensions related to behavior and communication with the team were less stressful. In addition, it is associated with a greater perception of stress in the different dimensions, when having: previous experiences in PICU, programmed admission, admission due tocardiac pathology, single child, higher educational level and no partner. CONCLUSIONS: The modified PSSIH instrument made it possible to determine the main stressors perceived by the parents of children in the PICU, the Clinical dimension being the major stressor. These results are useful for developing local intervention programs according to the particular characteristics of the PICU.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant, Newborn , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Parents/psychology , Stress, Psychological/etiology , Intensive Care Units, Pediatric , Stress, Psychological/diagnosis , Stress, Psychological/psychology , Cross-Sectional StudiesABSTRACT
Background: The Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) is used in the curricular development of future health professionals worldwide, but often without first locally testing its psychometric qualities, for example, construct validity and internal consistency. These characteristics are modified by different environments, but must be locally appropriate to obtain unequivocal and reliable conclusions about the strong and weak areas of a curriculum. Here, we report the results of the psychometric testing of DREEM results in our institution in Chile. Methods: All 1st-5th-year undergraduate medical students were asked to respond the DREEM questionnaire. The construct validity of the results was assessed by an exploratory factor analysis (EFA), and their internal consistency was assessed by Cronbach's α. The Institutional Review Board approved the study, and each student signed an informed consent. Results: A total of 304 (88%) eligible students, aged 22 ± 2 years, 46% of females, answered the questionnaire. The EFA determined four instead of the original DREEM's five subareas with clearly different item contents. The inner consistencies of the locally defined subareas of teaching, learning, teachers and organizational aspects, and self-perception surpassed the originals with Cronbach's α values of 0.79, 0.78, 0.77, and 0.82, respectively. Discussion: The optimal psychometric structure to accurately interpret our DREEM results differed from both the original and previous similar studies, including one from Chile. There are several potential explanations for these differences, but most importantly, they underline the need to first define the psychometric characteristics of the test results, to obtain accurate conclusions about the strengths and the weaknesses of a curriculum.
Subject(s)
Curriculum/standards , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/methods , Psychometrics , Chile , Education, Medical, Undergraduate/standards , Faculty, Medical , Female , Humans , Male , Students, Medical/psychology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Young AdultABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Women represent 15% of the people living with HIV in Chile. Risk behaviors for HIV are: multiple partners, unsafe sex, and exchange of sex for drugs/money. METHODOLOGY: A correlational design was used. A sample of 203 women who were sexually active and consumed substances within the last 3-months were selected for this study. RESULTS: The average age of the participants was 32.4 years (SD = 9.2) and 68.1% were housewives. The substance most commonly used was alcohol (95.1%) and marijuana (49.8%); 23.7% of the women were drunk or drugged before having sex; 74.4% had multiple sexual partners and 95.6% had unprotected sex. There is a significant correlation (p < 0.05) between substance abuse and HIV risk behaviors. CONCLUSION: It is necessary to develop more research to understand in depth the relationship between substance use and HIV risk among Chilean women. It is important to consider the use of substances to develop and implement HIV prevention programs in the Chilean community.
Subject(s)
Cannabis , Ethanol , HIV Infections/etiology , Risk-Taking , Substance-Related Disorders/complications , Unsafe Sex , Women's Health , Adult , Binge Drinking , Chile , Female , HIV Infections/prevention & control , Humans , Marijuana Abuse/complications , Risk Factors , Sex Work , Sexual Partners , Young AdultABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between early dental experiences and clinical indicators of oral health and dental anxiety upon admission to a comprehensive oral health program for six-year-old children in Chile. METHODS: One hundred twenty-nine six-year-old children were enrolled in the Recreo Family Health Center of the Municipality of San Miguel, Santiago, Chile. Oral health status was assessed based on the decayed, extracted, or filled teeth index, simplified oral hygiene index, and Streptococcus mutans score. Dental anxiety was assessed using the facial image scale and Frankl scale. Early dental experience was classified as: no previous dental visits; preventive control; restorative treatment; and emergency visit. RESULTS: Children who had previous experience of restorative treatment and emergency visits showed greater dental caries damage (Kruskal-Wallis, P <.01). Those who had emergency visits had the highest S. mutans score. There was no relationship between the type of prior dental experience and the anxiety level or oral hygiene index. CONCLUSIONS: Invasive dental treatment resulted in greater susceptibility to dental caries damage; however, these experiences did not influence dental anxiety levels.
Subject(s)
Dental Anxiety/epidemiology , Dental Care for Children , Oral Health , Child , Chile/epidemiology , DMF Index , Dental Caries/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Male , Oral Hygiene Index , Poverty , Streptococcus mutans/isolation & purificationABSTRACT
En diversos estudios los investigadores han encontrado una relación entre insatisfacción corporal, creencias de control de peso asociadas al consumo de cigarrillos y el consumo de cigarrillos en jóvenes. Este estudio evaluó un modelo de mediación de las creencias de control de peso asociadas al consumo de cigarrillos en la relación entre insatisfacción corporal y consumo de cigarrillos. Se realizó un estudio correlacional con 651 jóvenes chilenos de entre 12 y 23 años de edad. Se realizaron ANOVA y análisis de regresión lineal para evaluar las hipótesis propuestas. Se encontró una relación entre insatisfacción corporal y consumo de cigarrillos y diferencias significativas en dicha relación según sexo. Los resultados obtenidos confirman la relación entre insatisfacción corporal y consumo de cigarrillos en jóvenes chilenos, sin embargo, no se comprueba la mediación propuesta.
In several studies, researchers have found a link between body dissatisfaction, weight control beliefs associated with cigarette use and cigarette smoking among young people. This study examined a mediation model of weight control beliefs associated with cigarette use for the relationship between body dissatisfaction and cigarette smoking. A correlational study was conducted with 651 young chileans between 12 and 23 years of age. ANOVA and linear regression analyses were conducted to evaluate the proposed hypotheses. A relationship between body dissatisfaction and smoking and significant differences by sex for this relationship were found. These results confirm the relationship between body dissatisfaction and cigarette smoking among young Chileans, however, do not support the proposed mediation.
