ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND & AIMS: COVID-19 is an emergency public health problem of global importance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of foods and nutrients as complementary approaches on the recovery from COVID-19 in 170 countries, especially considering the complexity of the disease and the current scarcity of active treatments. METHODS: A retrospective study was performed using the Kaggle database, which links the consumption of various foods with recovery from COVID-19 in 170 countries, using multivariate analysis based on a generalized linear model. RESULTS: The results showed that certain foods had a positive effect on recovery from COVID-19: eggs, fish and seafood, fruits, meat, milk, starchy roots, stimulants, vegetable products, nuts, vegetable oil and vegetables. In general, consumption of higher levels of proteins and lipids had a positive effect on COVID-19 recovery, whereas high consumption of alcoholic beverages had a negative effect. In developed countries, where hunger had been eradicated, the effect of food on recovery from COVID-19 had a greater magnitude than in countries with a higher global hunger index (GHI), where there was almost no identifiable effect. CONCLUSION: Several foods had a positive effect on COVID-19 recovery in developed countries, especially food groups with a higher content of lipids, proteins, antioxidants and micronutrients (e.g., selenium and zinc). In countries with extreme poverty (high GHI), foods presented little effect on recovery from COVID-19.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Animals , Linear Models , COVID-19/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , Vegetables , Nutrients , Multivariate Analysis , Lipids , DietABSTRACT
Objective. The aim of this study was the development and validation of an UV-Vis spectrophotometric method for the quantification of oclacitinib in commercial capsule formulation since pharmacopeias have not yet provided an official monograph for this drug. Methods. The parameters linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantitation, specificity, precision, accuracy, and robustness were determined according to Brazilian and international guidelines. Results. Linearity was determined for the analytical range of 5-15 µg/mL, and a limit of detection of 1.18 µg/mL and limit of quantification of 3.58 µg/mL were obtained. The method was selective and the precision was demonstrated through repeatability and intermediate precision, with relative standard deviations of 1.96% and 1.78%, respectively. In its turn, accuracy presented recovery percentages of 98.32-100.91%. All robustness and sample stability (48 h at 25 °C) results revealed no statistical variation among the groups. Conclusions. The presented method is suitable for the quantification of oclacitinib in commercial capsule formulation.
ABSTRACT
The occurrence of antibiotics in the natural environment has been a growing issue and correlations between this presence and developing resistance bacteria are explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of antibiotics of different classes and associated resistant bacteria, in water samples taken from urban river waters in Curitiba, Brazil. A method for the quantification of antibiotics (azithromycin, amoxicillin, norfloxacin ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and sulfamethoxazole) was developed and validated using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry. To investigate and identify coliforms resistant to these antibiotics, we performed selective microbiological culturing techniques. We detected antibiotics in our water samples; concentrations ranged from 0.13 to 4.63 µg L-1, with the highest being amoxicillin at 4.63 µg L-1. In all water samples this study, antibiotic resistant bacteria were detected. Escherichia coli was resistant to amoxicillin, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and sulfamethoxazole. Strains producing ß-lactamase with extended spectrum (ESBL and AmpC) were also found in these isolates. Enterococcus spp. displayed resistance to norfloxacin and ciprofloxacin, and some isolates were resistant to vancomycin, gentamicin and streptomycin (complementary tests). No P. aeruginosa resistant strains were observed. It is possible these antibiotics came from domestic effluents and may be contributing to the spread of bacterial resistance.