Effect of very low nicotine content cigarettes on alcohol drinking and smoking among adult smokers who are at-risk alcohol drinkers.

Alcohol and tobacco use are interrelated. This study examined response to very low nicotine content (VLNC) and moderate nicotine content (MNC) cigarettes by problematic drinking. We utilized a double-blind, randomized, within-subjects crossover design of VLNC and MNC cigarettes in two groups of adult cigarette smokers: with at-risk drinking (ARD; n = 23) and without ARD (n = 24). Participants smoked only their assigned experimental cigarette in their home environment for 7 days, and completed laboratory visits, including ad libitum smoking of the assigned experimental cigarette, at the beginning and end of each experimental week. Participants smoked their usual cigarettes for 7 days between conditions. Participants provided daily reports of alcohol and cigarette consumption. Current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5th edition (DSM-5) alcohol use disorder (AUD) was assessed at baseline and the end of each experimental week. Compliance with smoking of experimental cigarettes was good. Adjusting for baseline drinking, there was no significant effect of experimental cigarette or ARD group on drinks per day or alcohol urges. There was no effect of experimental cigarette or ARD group on cigarettes per day, or on any puff topography outcome or postsmoking exhaled carbon monoxide during laboratory smoking. No participant had a change in AUD status or AUD severity. After 7 days of exposure to VLNC cigarettes, adult cigarette smokers with ARD did not show compensatory drinking or compensatory smoking behavior. A future policy change in the United States to reduce nicotine content in cigarettes may not produce unintended compensatory drinking or smoking among this vulnerable and prevalent population of smokers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).

Nursing Home Administrator's Job Satisfaction, Work Stressors, and Intent to Leave.

This study examines how job satisfaction in six subscales and select stressors and demographic covariates influence nursing home administrator's (NHA) intentions to quit. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected from 311 NHAs in five states. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals for the ordered logistic regression models indicated that NHAs with satisfying work demands, rewards, and coworkers, and who experienced less role conflict and had fewer prior nursing home jobs had lower turnover intentions. Although generally satisfied, roughly 24% reported intending to quit. Surprisingly, NHAs reporting higher job skills were more likely to consider leaving, suggesting that talented NHAs may choose career advancement eased by stigma-free job-hopping in an industry with high mobility norms. Qualitative data suggested that job satisfaction/dissatisfaction was influenced by a more nuanced interpretation of satisfying and more taxing job facets and quitting triggers, including themes such as helping residents and struggling with regulations.