ABSTRACT
PURPOSE OF THE ARTICLE: This study aims to evaluate the literature, peer-reviewed clinical trials investigating the effects of combined exercise interventions on individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various databases, using various descriptors and Boolean operators were utilized. RESULTS: Eight studies meet the eligibility criteria. Regarding the anthropometric measures/body composition variable, the meta-analysis revealed that combined physical exercise did not have a significant effect (standard mean difference (SMD) = -0.16; 95% CI, -0.34 to 0.03; Z = 1.68; p = 0.09). For the lipid profile variable, the combined exercise interventions did not show a significant effect (SMD = -0.07; 95% CI, -0.43 to 0.29; Z = 0.38; p = 0.71). Combined exercise training had a significant effect on increasing functional capacity (SMD = 0.28; 95% CI, 0.01 to 0.54; Z = 2.03; p = 0.04), cardiorespiratory function (SMD = 0.80; 95% CI, 0.34 to 1.26; Z = 3.41; p ≤ 0.001), and strength (SMD = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.45 to 1.08; Z = 4.78; p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Participants from the intervention group that took part in combined exercise training showed a higher probability of improving their functional, cardiorespiratory, and strength capacity compared to the control group.
This study synthesises the literature, peer-reviewed clinical trials investigating the effects of combined exercise interventions on individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities.Participants who performed combined physical exercise were more likely to improve their functional, cardiorespiratory and strength capacity compared to the control group.Professionals (e.g., rehabilitation technician, exercise technician) responsible for planning interventions for people with IDD should consider the results of this study when planning their interventions, particularly regarding the prescription of physical exercise, as well as monitoring training and several important variables that can be enhanced by regular physical exercise.Organisations that provide support to people with IDD (support or social solidarity institutions) should also consider the results of this study, to provide the necessary conditions (materials, spaces or human resources) so that professionals could plan this type of intervention in the most appropriate and adapted way possible for the individual.
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to achieve two primary objectives. Firstly, to compare physical fitness levels based on sex, age groups, and body composition. Secondly, to examine physical fitness of the older adults against criterion-referenced fitness standard values using a representative sample from the district of Leiria in Portugal, a region undergoing exponential population growth, including a rise in the elderly population. Data from cross-sectional assessments of the Portuguese older adult community living in the Municipality of Leiria from 2014 to 2022 were collected. This study comprised a sample of 664 community-dwelling older adults (female = 480; male = 184) aged between 60 and 90 years (M = 70.34; SD = 12.67). Participants had a body mass ranging from 45 kg to 122 kg (M = 71.48; SD = 12.34) and a height ranging from 1.30 m to 1.89 m (M = 1.59; SD = 0.08). The Senior Fitness Test battery was used to evaluate parameters of physical fitness, body mass index was calculated, and abdominal circumference was measured. Females displayed a tendency to greater physical fitness compared to males, specifically in terms of lower and upper body flexibility compared to older male adults (p < 0.05). In addition, sexagenarian and older adults with normal weight tended to display greater physical fitness compared to septuagenarian and octogenarian, and overweight adults and those with obesity (p < 0.05), respectively. Information concerning physical fitness is crucial for guiding policymakers and other stakeholders in Leiria for the promotion of healthy aging among the older adult community. Furthermore, this study has established the preliminary reference standards for physical fitness, serving as a tool to promote healthy aging among Portuguese older adults residing in Leiria.
ABSTRACT
Institutionalized older adults are characterized by high levels of dependence and low levels of physical activity compared to those living in the community. This combination of factors leads to an increased risk of loss of muscle mass. Sarcopenia can be countered through strength training. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a strength training program on the physical fitness of institutionalized older adults. This study included a sample of 31 institutionalized older adults (20 females, 11 males) aged between 65 and 96 years (M = 81.64, SD = 8.67). Participants reported an average institutionalization duration of 2.43 years (SD = 2.20), ranging from half a year to ten years. A 12-week strength training program was implemented, with sessions held twice a week. Strength fitness was assessed through the following parameters: handgrip strength, upper limb muscular endurance, lower limb muscular endurance, agility and balance, body mass index, and waist circumference. The results demonstrated that a 12-week strength training program improved physical fitness in terms of lower limb muscular endurance, upper limb muscular endurance, agility, and dynamic balance (p < 0.05).
ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: We investigated the effects of a 16-week combined exercise training on body composition, metabolic and inflammatory markers in sedentary middle-aged workers. We also assessed whether significant alterations in metabolic markers were associated with changes in health-related outcomes. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial involved 46 participants randomly allocated into control and exercise groups. The exercise group performed 16-week combined aerobic and resistance training for 75 min/session, 3 times/week. Fasting blood samples were collected at baseline and after 16-week intervention to determine lipid profile, metabolic and inflammatory markers as primary outcomes. RESULTS: A total of 36 participants completed the intervention (53.70 ± 6.92 years old) (n = 18 in each group). Waist circumference (interaction effect: F = 7.423, p = 0.002), fat mass (interaction effect: F = 5.070, p = 0.011), and muscle mass (interaction effect: F = 5.420, p = 0.007) were improved in the exercise group compared to the control group. Fasting glucose increased after the 16-week follow-up (time effect: F = 73.253, p < 0.001), without an intergroup difference. Insulin levels were greater in the control compared to exercise group (group effect: F = 6.509, p = 0.015). The control group tended to increase the HOMA-IR index (interaction effect: F = 3.493, p = 0.070) and to decrease the QUICKI index (interaction effect: F = 3.364, p = 0.075) to a greater extent compared to the exercise group. Exercise group reduced leptin (interaction effect: F = 11.175, p = 0.002) and adiponectin (interaction effect: F = 4.437, p = 0.043) concentrations in a greater magnitude than control group. IL-6 (time effect: F = 17.767, p < 0.001) and TNF-α (time effect: F = 9.781, p = 0.004) concentrations decreased after the intervention, without an intergroup difference. IL-17A levels increased in the control compared to exercise group (interaction effect: F = 5.010, p = 0.033). Effects on adiponectin, IL-6 and IL-17A levels seem to depend on baseline BMI, age, and sex. Percentage changes in leptin correlated positively with changes in HOMA-IR index in the exercise (r = 0.565, p = 0.015) and control (r = 0.670, p = 0.002) groups. CONCLUSIONS: A combined training program can be an effective strategy to improve body composition and inflammatory markers and prevent marked reductions in insulin sensitivity among middle-aged workers.
ABSTRACT
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.780059.].
ABSTRACT
The aim of the of the current investigation was to investigate the possible differences concerning males and females in anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength and quality of life variables. After obtaining signed informed consent, 37 participants (18 males; 19 females), with mean age of 39.08 and standard deviation of 11.66 years, voluntarily participated in this study. Anthropometry, body composition, functional capacity, strength, and quality of life were assessed using validated and reliable instruments and tests for this population. The males and females were compared using a Mann-Whitney U signed rank test. Significant differences were detected among the following variables, height (p = 0.028), body mass index (p = 0.033), fat mass (p = 0.002), muscle mass (p ≤ 0.001), phase angle (p = 0.005), medicine ball throwing strength (p = 0.010), and peak toque left knee (p = 0.028), with males showing better results in all the variables. The sample in this study showed differences in the anthropometric, composition, and strength variables. Studying this population can help ensure that everyone has equal access to services and adequate support for their personal needs, improving their quality of life.
ABSTRACT
Physical activity (PA), mental health, and body image are some important health topics in the transgender population that have been recently discussed and appear to play a crucial role in the quality of life of the trans population. This study aims to elucidate the complex interplay of these variables and their implications for the well-being of trans individuals. METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, 75 Portuguese transgender individuals (M = 23.68; SD ± 6.59) were recruited to participate in this study. The participants completed three questionnaires related to the assessment of physical activity (IPAQ), depressive and anxious symptomatology (HADS), and satisfaction with body image (BISQp). RESULTS: Trans individuals showed a total energy expenditure of 3316.40 metabolic equivalent tasks (METS), had a moderate level of anxiety symptomatology, and low levels of satisfaction with body image. Satisfaction with body image was negatively associated with anxiety (r = -0.441, p < 0.01) and depression symptomatology (r = -0.600, p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: The implementation of inclusive programs that promote body acceptance and coping strategies, particularly within the context of physical exercise, may help alleviate distress related to body image dissatisfaction while also addressing underlying anxiety and depression symptoms.
ABSTRACT
Our primary objectives in this study were to translate and provide psychometric support for the Coach Athlete Relationship Questionnaire (CART-Q) Portuguese version, assess its invariance across sex, and explore its nomological validity in relation to enjoyment. Our sample participants were 470 athletes (226 females, 244 males) aged between 16 to 39 years from various individual and team sports. We found that the translated Portuguese version of the CART-Q exhibited satisfactory test-retest reliability and can serve as a reliable tool for evaluating the core constructs of the coach-athlete relationship - closeness, commitment, and complementarity. Moreover, this instrument showed evidence of nomological validity through significant positive correlations between its underlying factors and athletes' enjoyment with their sport. The proposed model for explaining item variance was also found to be invariant between male and female respondents. We recommend further use of this instrument in research and practical applications.
Subject(s)
Athletes , Psychometrics , Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Portugal , Athletes/psychology , Athletes/statistics & numerical data , Psychometrics/instrumentation , Young Adult , Reproducibility of Results , Surveys and Questionnaires/standards , Interpersonal Relations , Sports/psychology , Sports/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
The practice of physical activity, exercise and sport has many benefits for the general population, but studies on the population with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are scarce and inconclusive. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the state of the art on the role of physical activity, exercise and sport in the quality of life and well-being of people with IDD, seeking to understand the current panorama in this area and provide answers to these questions. The research was carried out between July and October 2023 using three databases: PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Fifteen articles met the eligibility criteria for this study, and these were methodologically assessed using the Downs and Black scale (1998). Higher values were identified in the total quality of life score and some domains of this variable (e.g., personal development, physical well-being and emotional well-being), in satisfaction with life and in the perception of well-being in individuals with IDD who have enjoyed or are involved in physical activity, physical exercise and/or sports programs. Thus, according to the studies included in this systematic review, we can conclude that the practice of physical activity, physical exercise and sport seems to contribute to improving the quality of life and well-being of people with IDD. Despite the growing research interest in this area, there is still a notable lack of studies exploring the impact of these programs, especially sports-based programs, on quality of life and well-being variables in the population under study.
ABSTRACT
Ever since the discovery of the brain's orexin/hypocretin system, most research was directed toward unveiling its contribution to the normal functioning of individuals. The investigation of reward-seeking behaviors then gained a lot of attention once the distribution of orexinergic neurons was revealed. Here, we discuss findings on the involvement of orexins in social interaction, a natural reward type. While some studies have succeeded in defining the relationship between orexin and social interaction, the controversy regarding its nature (direct or inverse relation) raises questions about what aspects have been overlooked until now. Upon examining the literature, we identified a research gap concerning conditions influencing the impact of orexins on social behavior expression. In this review, we introduce a number of factors (e.g., stress, orexin's source) that must be considered while studying the role of orexins in social interaction. Furthermore, we refer to published research to investigate the stage at which orexins affect social interaction and we highlight the nucleus accumbens (NAc) shell's role in social interaction and other rewarding behaviors. Finally, the underlying orexin molecular pathway influencing social motivation in particular illnesses is proposed. We conclude that orexin's impact on social interaction is multifactorial and depends on specific conditions available at a time.
Subject(s)
Neuropeptides , Humans , Orexins/metabolism , Neuropeptides/metabolism , Motivation , Social Interaction , Nucleus Accumbens/metabolismABSTRACT
The present study explores the association of autonomous motivation and the relationship of positive and negative affect on anxiety levels among individuals engaged in gym practitioners during the second COVID-19 lockdown. A total of 196 exercisers (29.17 ± 10.77) were enrolled in the present study, of which 112 (57.1%) were women and 84 (42.9%) were men. The survey included sociodemographic data, as well as validated instruments measuring autonomous motivation, positive and negative affect, and anxiety states related to the COVID-19 pandemic. The results revealed a positive association between autonomous motivation and positive affect (ß = 0.36, CI 0.12, 0.37; p < 0.001), and a negative association between autonomous motivation and negative affect (ß = - 0.17, CI - 0.31, - 0.01; p = 0.03). Moreover positive, and negative affect are negatively (ß = - 0.33, CI - 0.43, - 0.24; p < 0.001) and positively (ß = 0.72, CI 0.57, 0.82; p < 0.001) associated to anxiety, respectively. Thus, this study appears to emphasize the association of autonomous motivation on affect as a potential buffer against anxiety levels, particularly in a context where practitioners found themselves restricted in their usual gym practices.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Motivation , Male , Humans , Female , COVID-19/epidemiology , Pandemics , Communicable Disease Control , Anxiety/epidemiology , ExerciseABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Smartphone apps can aid consumers in making healthier and more sustainable food purchases. However, there is still a limited understanding of the different app design approaches and their impact on food purchase choices. An overview of existing food purchase choice apps and an understanding of common challenges can help speed up effective future developments. OBJECTIVE: We examined the academic literature on food purchase choice apps and provided an overview of the design characteristics, opportunities, and challenges for effective implementation. Thus, we contribute to an understanding of how technologies can effectively improve food purchase choice behavior and provide recommendations for future design efforts. METHODS: Following the PRISMA-ScR (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews) guidelines, we considered peer-reviewed literature on food purchase choice apps within IEEE Xplore, PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect. We inductively coded and summarized design characteristics. Opportunities and challenges were addressed from both quantitative and qualitative perspectives. From the quantitative perspective, we coded and summarized outcomes of comparative evaluation trials. From the qualitative perspective, we performed a qualitative content analysis of commonly discussed opportunities and challenges. RESULTS: We retrieved 55 articles, identified 46 unique apps, and grouped them into 5 distinct app types. Each app type supports a specific purchase choice stage and shares a common functional design. Most apps support the product selection stage (selection apps; 27/46, 59%), commonly by scanning the barcode and displaying a nutritional rating. In total, 73% (8/11) of the evaluation trials reported significant findings and indicated the potential of food purchase choice apps to support behavior change. However, relatively few evaluations covered the selection app type, and these studies showed mixed results. We found a common opportunity in apps contributing to learning (knowledge gain), whereas infrequent engagement presents a common challenge. The latter was associated with perceived burden of use, trust, and performance as well as with learning. In addition, there were technical challenges in establishing comprehensive product information databases or achieving performance accuracy with advanced identification methods such as image recognition. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that designs of food purchase choice apps do not encourage repeated use or long-term adoption, compromising the effectiveness of behavior change through nudging. However, we found that smartphone apps can enhance learning, which plays an important role in behavior change. Compared with nudging as a mechanism for behavior change, this mechanism is less dependent on continued use. We argue that designs that optimize for learning within each interaction have a better chance of achieving behavior change. This review concludes with design recommendations, suggesting that food purchase choice app designers anticipate the possibility of early abandonment as part of their design process and design apps that optimize the learning experience.
Subject(s)
Mobile Applications , Humans , Food , Learning , Databases, Factual , Health StatusABSTRACT
Adolescents who enjoy physical education (PE) classes are more likely to be active during out-of-school hours. Similarly, achievement goal theory suggests that task-oriented motivation is associated with higher levels of reported fun during PE classes. In contrast, ego-oriented motivation has been related to boredom in class, but some self-perceptions (e.g., self-esteem or motoric self-efficacy) may modify this relationship and are important for physical activity. Our aim in this paper was to analyze the relationships between motivational orientation and fun and boredom in PE classes by assessing the mediating effects of self-esteem and self-efficacy. We surveyed 478 teenagers between 13 and 18 years of age (M = 14.57; SD = 1.15) with the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE), the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), and the Intrinsic Satisfaction in Sport Scale (SSI-EF). We used a structural equation model to evaluate relationships between these variables of interest. We found a positive relationship between ego orientation and boredom and between task orientation and fun; and we found a negative relationship between task orientation and boredom in PE classes. Importantly, we observed indirect effects from self-esteem and motoric self-efficacy in the relationships between motivational orientation and boredom and fun in PE. These results highlight the importance of students' motivational orientations in PE classes and illustrate that self-perception of self-esteem and motoric self-efficacy can mediate these relationships.
Subject(s)
Boredom , Motivation , Physical Education and Training , Self Concept , Self Efficacy , Humans , Adolescent , Male , Female , EgoABSTRACT
Introduction: The application of muscle force is a determinant of football success as it is inherent to the motor control and sport. The aims of this study are: (1) to describe force variables Isometric Maximal Force (IMF), Concentric Peak Force (CPPF), and Dynamic Strength Index (DSI) in football goalkeepers from different age groups; (2) to compare these variables' behavior between those groups. Methods: The sample was formed by 19 youth players (15.97 ± 1.55 years old) from a first-division Brazilian football team. The CPPF and IMF variables were obtained through the Countermovement jump and isometric squat tests, respectively. For data collection, a force plate (Cefise, Brazil) was used with an acquisition frequency of 600â Hz and mono-axial. The DSI was calculated using the ratio between CPPF and IMF. For data analysis, the sample was separated into clusters by age. After the grouping, a descriptive analysis of the data and a comparison between the groups with p < 0.05. Results: The sample was grouped into three groups (GA, GB, and GC) and one of the individuals did not enter the group, totaling 18 individuals in the analyzed sample. The comparison between the ages of the groups showed a significant difference and small and moderate effect size (ES), validating the cluster strategy. The CPPF and IMF variables showed increased values according to chronological age. CPPF showed a significant difference between GA-GB, (ES = very large) GA-GC (ES = very large), and GB-GC (ES = moderate). The IMF variable had significant differences between GA-GB (ES = moderate) and GA-GC (ES = very large). However, DSI showed significant differences only between GA GB (ES = small) and GB-GC (ES = very large). Conclusions: The CPPF and IMF variables had constant increases and distinct values with an increase according to age, and this did not occur for DSI. The difference between CPPF and IMF compared to DSI bring to light the variability in dynamics and proportionality between muscular force in the concentric phase and maximal force in the isometric regime during the developmental process over chronological age in soccer goalkeepers.
ABSTRACT
El grit implica una actitud apasionada y persistente, ser capaz de mantener el enfoque y la determinación incluso frente a obstáculos y fracasos. La perseverancia en el esfuerzo contribuye al logro de la maestría y la consistencia en los intereses promueve el compromiso con la práctica deliberada en prol de la excelencia. El objetivo del presente estudio fue validar la Escala Portuguesa Grit-S en el contexto del deporte. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 446 atletas federados (328 hombres y 190 mujeres; edad M = 17,60 años; SD = 6,27). Después de eliminar un ítem de la Grit-S, el análisis factorial confirmatorio mostró que la escala de estructura de dos factores es aceptable en la muestra portuguesa. El modelo de medición comprobó su invariabilidad en función del género. Asimismo, encontramos una correlación negativa significativa entre la consistencia de los intereses y la perseverancia en el esfuerzo. En conclusión, la versión portuguesa de la escala reducida del Grit (Grit-S), adaptada para el contexto deportivo, presentó dos factores con propiedades psicométricas adecuadas para ser aplicados en este contexto. Por lo tanto, puede ser aplicable y útil en contextos deportivos de habla portuguesa por parte de entrenadores y psicólogos. (AU)
Grit involves a passion and persistent attitude and being able to sustain focus and determination even in the face of obstacles and failures.Perseverance in effort contributes to the achievement of mastery and consistency in interests promotes the commitment to deliberate practice in pursuit of excellence. The goal of the study was to validate the Portuguese Short Grit Scale specifically within the context of sports.The researchers gathered a sample of 446 federated athletes(328 males and 190 females; M age = 17,60 years; SD = 6,27). After removing one item from the GritS, the confirmatory factor analysis indicated that the two-factor structure of the scale is appropriate in the Portuguese context. The measurement model was found be invariant in function of gender. Additionally, we found a significant negative correlation between consistency of interests and persistence. This suggests that the adapted Portuguese Short Grit Scale is a reliable and valid tool that can be used by coaches and sport psychologists to assess grit among portuguese athletes. (AU)
O grit envolve paixão e uma atitude persistente, bem como a capacidade de mantero foco e a determinação apesar dos obstáculos e das falhas. A perseverança no esforço contribui para a conquista da mestria e a consistência nos interesses promove o compromisso com a prática deliberada em prol da excelência. O objetivo deste estudo foi validar a versão reduzida da escala portuguesa de Grit (Grit-S) no contexto do desporto. A amostra foi constituída por 446 atletas federados (328 homens e 190 mulheres; idade M = 17,60 anos; DP = 6,27. O modelo de medida revelou ser invariante em função do sexo. Encontramos uma correlação negativa significativa entre a consistência de interesses e a perseverança no esforço. Em suma, a versão portuguesa da escala de Grit (Grit-S) adaptada para o contexto desportivo, apresentou dois fatores com propriedades psicométricas adequadas-possibilitando a sua aplicação em contextos desportivos de língua portuguesa, por treinadores e psicólogos do desporto. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Sports , Physical Exertion , Surveys and Questionnaires , Portugal , AthletesABSTRACT
La percepción subjetiva de vitalidad es un indicador de bienestar que se puede traducir en una mejor calidad de vida. Un instrumento válido y fiable permitirá a los investigadores medir con precisión la vitalidad en el contexto del ejercicio físico.. Así, el objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la validez y fiabilidad de la Subjetive Vitality Scale (SVS) en una muestra portuguesa de practicantes de ejercicio físico según sexo y experiencia de práctica. Los datos se recolectaron de una muestra de un total de 330 adultos (mujeres = 145; hombres = 185). Los participantes tenían entre 18 y 64 años (M = 28.52; DT = 9.86), con una experiencia de ejercicio promedio de 8.14 meses (DT = 6.14), y con una frecuencia semanal de entre 1 y 7 veces (M = 4.42; DT = 1.35). Se realizó un análisis factorial confirmatorio del modelo de medición de seis ítems de la escala y un análisis de invariancia en función del género y la experiencia práctica. También se analizaron los resultados de las correlaciones bivariadas con el fin de evaluar la validez nomológica del instrumento con diversión y con la intención de continuar en la práctica. El modelo de medición SVS demostró un ajuste aceptable en cada una de las muestras y los coeficientes de fiabilidad compuesta fueron adecuados. Las correlaciones indicaron que mayores niveles de vitalidad se asociaron con mayores niveles de diversión e intención de continuar practicando ejercicio físico en el futuro. El modelo de medida demostró ser invariante entre muestras, lo que aporta un mayor sustento a su validez para evaluar la percepción subjetiva de vitalidad en el contexto del ejercicio físico. La SVS parece ser así un instrumento fiable para evaluar la vitalidad, en ambos sexos, así como en personas con diferentes experiencias de práctica. (AU)
The subjective perception of vitality is an indicator of well-being that can translate into improved quality of life. A valid and reliable instrument will allow researchers to accurately measure vitality in the context of exercise. Thus, the objective ofthe present study was to evaluate the validity and reliability of the Subjective Vitality Scale (SVS) in a Portuguese sample of physical exercise practitioners according to gender and practice experience. Data were collected from a sample of a total of 330 adults (women = 145; men = 185). Participants were aged between 18 and 64 years (M = 28.52; SD = 9.86), with a mean exercise experience of 8.14 months (SD = 6.14), and with a weekly frequency of between 17 times (M = 4.42; SD = 1.35). A confirmatory factor analysis of the scale's six-item measurement model and an analysis of invariance as a function of gender and practice experience were performed. The results of bivariate correlations were also analyzed toassess the nomological validity of the instrument with enjoyment and with the intention of continuing in practice. The SVS measurement model demonstrated an acceptable fit in each of the samples and the composite reliability coefficients were adequate. Correlations indicated that higher levels of vitality were associated with higher levels of enjoyment and intention to continue to practice physical exercise in the future. The measurement model proved to be invariant between samples, thus adding greater support to its validity to assess the subjective perception of vitality in the context of physical exercise. The SVS thus seems to be a reliable instrument for assessing vitality, in both sexes, as well as in people with different practice experiences. (AU)
A perceção de vitalidade subjetiva é um indicador de bem-estar que se pode traduzir na melhoria da qualidade de vida. Um instrumento válido e fiável irá permitir aos investigadores uma medição precisa da vitalidade no contexto de exercício físico. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo consistiu em avaliar a validade e a fiabilidade da Subjetive Vitality Scale (SVS) numa amostra portuguesa de praticantes de exercício físico em função do sexo e da experiência da prática. Foram recolhidos dados de uma amostra com um total de 330 adultos (mulheres = 145; homens = 185). Os participantes tinham idades compreendidas entre 1864 anos (M = 28.52; DP = 9.86), com experiência média de exercício de 8.14 meses (DP = 6.14), e com uma frequênciasemanal entre 17 vezes (M = 4.42; DP = 1.35). Realizou-se uma análise fatorial confirmatória do modelo de medida de seis itens da escala e uma análise de invariância em função do sexo e experiência da prática. Foram, também, analisados os resultados de correlações bivariadas com o objetivo de avaliar a validade concorrente do instrumento com o divertimento e com a intenção de continuar na prática. O modelo de medida da SVS demonstrou um ajustamento aceitável em cada uma das amostras e os coeficientes de fiabilidade compósita foram adequados. As correlações indicaram que maiores níveis de vitalidade estavam associados a maiores níveis de divertimento e intenção de continuar a praticar exercício físico no futuro. O modelo de medida revelou ser invariante entreamostras, acrescentando, por isso, um maior suporte à sua validade para avaliar a perceção subjetiva de vitalidade em contexto do exercício físico. A SVS parece, assim, ser um instrumento fiável para a avaliação da vitalidade, em ambos os sexos, bem como em pessoas com diferentes experiências de prática. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Exercise , Sex , Life Style , Reproducibility of Results , Portugal , Cross-Sectional Studies , Factor Analysis, StatisticalABSTRACT
Este estudio tuvo como objetivo examinar el impacto del efecto de un programa de ejercicio de componentes múltiples de 8 meses en adultos mayores que viven en la comunidad. Utilizamos una estrategia inclusiva para examinar la viabilidad de un programa de ejercicio de tres veces por semana. Tener más de 60 años, la capacidad de pararse y caminar con o sin equipo de asistencia, ser físicamente inactivo, autorización médica y vivir en la comunidad fueron todos los criterios de elegibilidad. Se utilizaron la prueba Timed-up and Go y la Berg Balance Scale para examinar el riesgo de caídas. Se utilizó la Fall-Efficacy Scale International para examinar el miedo a las caídas. El programa de ejercicio basado en la comunidad involucró a treinta y cinco participantes, la edad promedio fue de 67.54 años (SD = 3.81) y el 71% eran mujeres. Las tasas de asistencia variaron de 76% a 100% en promedio. Hubo una tendencia significativa hacia una mejora clínicamente importante en el timed-up and go test (t = 4.66; p < .001; d = 0.20), escala de equilibrio de Berg (t = -11.20; p < .001; d = 1.47) y escala internacional de eficacia contra caídas (t = 5.81; p < .001; d = 0.88). Este estudio ha proporcionado evidencia preliminar de que un programa de ejercicio de bajo costo basado en la comunidad de 8 meses puede ser efectivo para mejorar la agilidad, el equilibrio y disminuir el miedo a caerse en las personas mayores. (AU)
The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of an 8-month multicomponent exercise program in community-dwelling older adults. A comprehensive approach was employed to assess the feasibility and effectiveness of a thrice-weekly exercise intervention. Aged over 60 years, the capacity to stand and walk with or without assistive equipment, being physically inactive, medical clearance, and living in the community were all eligibility criteria. The Timed-up and Go test and Berg Balance Scale were used to examine risk of falling. The Fall-Efficacy Scale International was used to examine the fear of falling. The community-based exercise program involved thirty-five participants, the average age was 67.54 years (SD = 3.81) and 71% were female. At-tendance rates ranged from 76% to 100% on average. There was a significant trend toward a clinically important improvement in the timed-up and go test (t = 4.66; p < .001; d = 0.20), berg balance scale (t = -11.20; p < .001; d = 1.47) and fall-efficacy scale international (t = 5.81; p < .001; d = 0.88). This study has provided preliminary evidence that an 8-month community-based low-cost exercise program may be effective in improving agility, balance, and decreasing fear of falling in older people. (AU)
Este estudo teve como objetivo examinar o impacto do efeito de um programa de exercício multicomponente de 8 meses em idosos residentes na comunidade. Usamos uma estratégia inclusiva para examinar a viabilidade de um programa de exercícios três vezes por semana. Idade acima de 60 anos, capacidade de ficar em pé e andar com ou sem equipamento auxiliar, ser inativo fisicamente, ter autorização médica e morar na comunidade foram todos os critériosde elegibilidade. O teste Timed-up and Go e a Escala de Equilíbrio de Berg foram usados para examinar o risco de queda. A Fall-Efficacy Scale International foi utilizada para examinar o medo de cair. O programa de exercícios comunitários envolveu trinta e cinco participantes, a idade média foi de 67,54 anos (DP = 3.81) e 71% eram do sexo feminino. As taxas de adesão variaram de 76% a 100%, em média. Houve uma tendência significativa para uma melhora clinicamente importante no timed-up and go test (t = 4.66;p < .001; d = 0.20), escala de equilíbrio de Berg (t = -11.20; p < .001; d = 1.47) e escala de eficácia de queda internacional (t = 5.81; p < 0.001; d = 0.88). Este estudo forneceu evidências preliminares de que um programa de exercícios de baixo custobaseado na comunidade de 8 meses pode ser eficaz para melhorar a agilidade, o equilíbrio e diminuir o medo de cair em idosos. (AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Fear , Accidental Falls , Exercise , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Pilot Projects , RiskABSTRACT
Introduction: Sports participation of people with disabilities provide an improvement in their skills, especially on access to social support, which could improve resilience and well-being. This study aims to analyze the association between types of social support (parents, coach, friend, and best friend), resilience and positive and negative affect, in 105 Portuguese athletes with disabilities aged between 13 and 61 years (32 ± 12.35 years). Methods: Participants answered a short sociodemographic questionnaire, the Portuguese version of the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule, and the Brief Resilience Scale, and a scale for assessing social support from parents, coach, friend, and best friend. Results: Social support provided by the best friend, coach, friends, and parents had a direct effect on resilience and positive and negative affect. Results showed a positive and significant association between resilience and positive affect (r = 0.28; p = 0.004) and a negative association between resilience and negative affect (r = -0.37; p ≤ 0.001). A strong relationship was found between resilience and affect, with no relationship being verified between the sources of social support and resilience or affect, as hypothesized. Discussion: For this group of athletes with disability, more than the social support they may have or may feel, resilience proved to be very important for the consequence of sports practice in terms of subjective well-being.