ABSTRACT
Introducción: La metástasis del cáncer es la transferencia de células tumorales de un órgano a otro mediante una serie de multipasos secuenciales interrelacionados. Este proceso es uno de los principales retos en el tratamiento del cáncer debido a su heterogeneidad biológica. El proceso de metástasis es considerado la principal causa de muerte en esta enfermedad, reportándose que más de 90 por ciento de las muertes por cáncer son debidos a esta etapa. Objetivo: Actualizar los conocimientos sobre metástasis en tumores sólidos y su asociación con transición epitelial-mesenquimal (EMT) en relación a la evolución y emergencia del cáncer. Método: Se realizó una revisión, no sistemática, de los estudios más significativos sobre el tema, publicados en la Web of Science, Pubmed, Ebsco, Scopus e Infomed. Conclusiones: La metástasis es la principal causa de muerte del cáncer, por lo que entender las bases del mecanismo de la formación de tumores metastásicos permitirá realizar terapias más eficaces para tratar el cáncer(AU)
Introduction: Cancer metastasis is the transfer of tumor cells from one organ to another through a series of interrelated sequential multi-steps. This process is one of the main challenges in cancer treatment due to the biological heterogeneity. The metastasis process is considered the main cause of death in this disease, accounting for more than 90 percent of cancer deaths. Objective: To identify the most recent advances on solid tumor metastasis and the association with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in relation to the evolution and emergence of cancer. Method: A non-systematic review was carried out of the most significant studies on the subject, published in Web of Science, Pubmed, Ebsco, Scopus and Infomed. Conclusions: Metastasis is the main cause of cancer death, so understanding the bases of the mechanism for metastatic tumor formation will allow for more effective therapies(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition/physiology , Neoplasm Metastasis/pathology , Neoplasm Metastasis/prevention & control , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Prospective StudiesABSTRACT
The thermodynamical formalism of irreversible processes offers a theoretical framework appropriate to explain the complexity observed at the macroscopic level of dynamic systems. In this context, together with the theory of complex systems and systems biology, the thermodynamical formalism establishes an appropriate conceptual framework to address the study of biological systems, in particular cancer.The Chapter is organized as follows: In Subheading 1, an integrative view of these disciplines is offered, for the characterization of the emergence and evolution of cancer, seen as a self-organized dynamic system far from the thermodynamic equilibrium. Development of a thermodynamic framework, based on the entropy production rate, is presented in Subheading 2. Subheading 3 is dedicated to all tumor growth, as seen through a "phase transitions" far from equilibrium. Subheading 4 is devoted to complexity of cancer glycolysis. Finally, some concluding remarks are presented in Subheading 5.