Panorametric study in a paediatric population in Madrid.

The aim of the study was to establish the normality ranges of the linear and angular measurements that can be carried out in orthopantomographies (OPGs) of a paediatric sample from Madrid, according to sex and dentition. OPGs performed in the Radiology Service of the Faculty of Dentistry of the Complutense University of Madrid (UCM) from caucasic children between 4-14 years old were selected. A total of 44 measurements were made in the OPGs, and the sex and type of dentition of each child were recorded. Panoramic Mandibular Index and Antegonial Index were also calculated. Statistical tests were performed with a confidence level of 95% (p < 0.05) and bilateral significance to analyse the differences between sex and type of dentition, and the correlation between the measurements of the right and left sides. A total sample of 160 OPGs (50% boys, 50% girls) were analysed. 16.25% of the sample was in primary dentition, 50% in first phase mixed dentition, 17.5% in second phase mixed dentition and 16.25% in permanent dentition. Statistically significant differences were found with respect to the sex of the subjects in 11 of the measurements; and 44 in relation to the dentition stages of the subjects. A strong correlation is found between the measurements on the right and left sides. The application of panoramic measurements as indicators of normality can help in the detection of craniofacial alterations in growth and development of the lower facial third.

LOCTseg: A lightweight fully convolutional network for end-to-end optical coherence tomography segmentation.

This article presents a novel end-to-end automatic solution for semantic segmentation of optical coherence tomography (OCT) images. OCT is a non-invasive imaging technology widely used in clinical practice due to its ability to acquire high-resolution cross-sectional images of the ocular fundus. Due to the large variability of the retinal structures, OCT segmentation is usually carried out manually and requires expert knowledge. This study introduces a novel fully convolutional network (FCN) architecture designated by LOCTSeg, for end-to-end automatic segmentation of diagnostic markers in OCT b-scans. LOCTSeg is a lightweight deep FCN optimized for balancing performance and efficiency. Unlike state-of-the-art FCNs used in image segmentation, LOCTSeg achieves competitive inference speed without sacrificing segmentation accuracy. The proposed LOCTSeg is evaluated on two publicly available benchmarking datasets: (1) annotated retinal OCT image database (AROI) comprising 1136 images, and (2) healthy controls and multiple sclerosis lesions (HCMS) consisting of 1715 images. Moreover, we evaluated the proposed LOCTSeg with a private dataset of 250 OCT b-scans acquired from epiretinal membrane (ERM) and healthy patients. Results of the evaluation demonstrate empirically the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, which improves the state-of-the-art Dice score from 69% to 73% and from 91% to 92% on AROI and HCMS datasets, respectively. Furthermore, LOCTSeg outperforms comparable lightweight FCNs' Dice score by margins between 4% and 15% on ERM segmentation.

Fluoruro diamino de plata. Lo que necesitamos saber / Diamine silver fluoride. What we need to know

Introducción: El fluoruro diamino de plata deriva de la unión del nitrato de plata y fluoruro. Reduce el avance de la caries y la degeneración de colágeno en la dentina. Impide la desmineralización y fomenta la remineralización del esmalte y la dentina. Por su sencilla aplicación es un material de gran interés en aquellos niños con ansiedad o poco colaboradores. El objetivo de esta revisión es comparar las recomendaciones de uso, frecuencia y porcentaje de aplicación del fluoruro diamino de plata en dentición temporal. Métodos: Se realizó una búsqueda en las bases de datos Pubmed/Medline y Science Direct usando términos Mesh. Se han incluido estudios realizados en pacientes entre 0 y 5 años, publicados entre 2016-2020. Resultados: Se obtuvieron 12 artículos para examinar y contrastar los protocolos de porcentaje y continuidad de aplicación del fluoruro diamino de plata. Dicho material ha sido analizado en referencia a diversas variables como su frecuencia de aplicación, concentración y seguimiento, entre otros. Se describen los resultados de fluoruro diamino de plata en el microbioma presente en la placa de individuos y se cotejan los rasgos de microbioma asistentes en la placa entre la caries detenida y activa después de tratamiento. Gracias a las ventajas de este material se consigue un mejor manejo de conducta del paciente, disminuyendo su ansiedad. Conclusiones: Según los resultados analizados la aplicación más efectiva del fluoruro diamino de plata es al 38% cada 6 meses. (AU)

Introduction: Silver diamine fluoride is derived from the union of silver nitrate and fluoride. Reduce the progression of cavities and collagen degeneration in the dentin. Prevents demineralization and promotes remineralization of enamel and dentin. Due to its simple application, it is a material of great interest to those children with anxiety or little collaborators. The objective of this review is to compare the recommendations for use, frequency and percentage of application of silver diamine fl uoride in primary dentition. Methods: The Pubmed / Medline and Science Direct databases were searched using Mesh terms. Studies carried out in patients between 0 and 5 years old, published between 2016-2020, have been included. Results: Twelve articles were obtained to examine and contrast the protocols of percentage and continuity of application of silver diamine fluoride. This material has been analyzed in reference to various variables such as its frequency of application, concentration and monitoring, among others. The results of silver diamine fluoride in the microbiome present in the plate of individuals are described and the assisting microbiome traits in the plate are compared between the arrested and active caries after treatment. Thanks to the advantages of this material, a better management of the patient’s behavior is achieved, reducing their anxiety. Conclusions: According to the results analyzed, the most effective application of silver diamine fl uoride is at 38% every 6 months. (AU)

Valorando el cumplimiento terapéutico de los pacientes hipertensos en atención primaria / Assessing the therapeutic compliance of hypertensive patients in primary care

OBJETIVOS: Conocer la adherencia terapéutica (cumplimiento, persistencia) en pacientes hipertensos. Evaluar la relación entre adherencia según retirada de medicamentos con autoreportada (test Hermes y Morinsky-Green), buen control tensión arterial, disminución ingresos y visitas relacionados con hipertensión. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio descriptivo transversal en Centro de Salud El Castell.227 pacientes hipertensos, tratados farmacológicamente, controlados en centro y autónomos respecto a la medicación. Variables mediante revisión de historia. Presión arterial; IMC; años de evolución; número de fármacos antihipertensivos (prescritos/retirados) y total de fármacos prescritos; número de tomas de fármacos/día antihipertensivos y total; número total de pastillas/día antihipertensivas y total de fármacos, comorbilidad, número de ingresos por crisis hipertensivas, número de visitas al médico/enfermera por hipertensión año anterior. En visita presencial: test Morinsky-Green y Hermes y toma de tensión arterial. Buen cumplimiento: retirada ≥80% y adecuada persistencia: no existencia período ≥60 días sin retirar medicación, buena adherencia si cumplían ambos conceptos. RESULTADOS: Edad media 70,8 años, 51,5% mujeres. Eran cumplidores según recuento de recetas prescritas/retiradas el 80,6%; Test Hermes, 98,6%, Test Morinsky-Green, 77,8%. Eran persistentes según recuento el 79,3% y, con buena adherencia, el 73,6%. El buen cumplimiento se relacionaba con buen control TA (79,2%vs63,6%;p = 0,029), y buena persistencia (79,4%vs63,8%;p = 0,025). Los cumplidores realizaban menos tomas/día (p = 0,002) y menos comprimidos (p = 0,005)No se observó relación entre cumplimiento mediante recuento y test Morinsky-Green. CONCLUSIONES: Existe un alto porcentaje de cumplidores, variando según el método de medida empleado; baja concordancia entre recuento y Test Morinsky-Green, que indica poca utilidad para evaluar cumplimiento. El Test Hermes sobreestima el cumplimiento

OBJECTIVE: To find out medication adherence (compliance and persistence) in patients with Hypertension. To assess the relationship between adherence to collection of medication and how the patients answer the Hermes and Morinsky-Green tests, good monitoring of arterial pressure; reduction of hospital admissions and doctor's visits for hypertension. METHODOLOGY: A descriptive, transversal study at El Castell Health Center.227 patients with hypertension who undergo pharmacological treatment, are monitored in the health center and take their medication themselves. Variables through history review. Blood pressure; BMI; years of hypertension evolution, number of drugs for hypertension prescribed and collected and total number of drugs prescribed; number of doses/day of antihypertensive drugs and of all drugs taken, total number of pills taken/day of antihypertensive drugs and of all drugs taken, comorbidity, number of admissions due to hypertensive crisis, number of doctor/nurse visits due to hypertension the previous year. In-person visits: Morinsky-Green and Hermes tests and taking blood pressure. Good compliance: Collecting antyhipertensive drugs ≥ 80% and correct persistence: No existence of periods ≥60 days without collecting medication. Good adherence if they fulfilled both concepts. RESULTS: Mean age was 70,8 years, 51,5% were women.compliance according to the count of drugs prescribed/collected: 80,6%. Hermes test: 98,6%. Morinsky-Green test: 77,8%. Persistence according to the count: 79.3% and with good adherence: 73.6%. Good compliance is associated with good monitoring of arterial pressure (79,2% vs 63,6% p = 0,0029) and good persistence (79,4% vs 63,8% p = 0,025). Those who complied took fewer doses/day (p = 0,002) and fewer pills (p = 0,005). No relationship was observed regarding compliance between counting and the Morinsky-Green test. CONCLUSIONS: There is a high percentage of compliance, which varies according to the method used. Low agreement between the count and the Morinsky-Green test indicates little use in assessing compliance. The Hermes test overes-timates compliance

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) as a tool for the analysis of nonhuman skeletal remains in a medico-legal setting.

To confirm the nature and forensic significance of questioned skeletal material submitted a medico-legal setting is a relatively common procedure, although not without difficulties when the remains are fragmented or burned. Different methodologies have been described for this purpose, many of them invasive, time and money consuming or dependent on the availability of the analytical instrument. We present a case in which skeletal material with unusual conditions of preservation and curious discovery was sent to a medico-legal setting to determine its human/nonhuman origin. A combined strategy of imagenological procedures (macroscopic, radiographic and cone beam computed tomography - CBCT-technology) was performed as non-invasive and rapid methods to assess the nonhuman nature of the material, specifically of pig (Sus scrofa) origin. This hypothesis was later confirmed by DNA analysis. CBCT data sets provide accurate three-dimensional reconstructions, which demonstrate its reliable use as a forensic tool.