ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Uroflowmetry is useful to screen for and manage many voiding disorders. Home-based uroflowmetry might better represent the patient's true voiding pattern and be more widely adopted if an accurate low-cost portable device was available. OBJECTIVE: Development and initial evaluation of an open-platform, open-source low-cost portable uroflowmeter. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We designed and built an uroflowmeter comprising of a load cell and digital memory card unit connected to a programmable microcontroller board mounted upon a 3D printed frame. It generated date-stamped tables which were processed and plotted. Twenty urologists were recruited to assess the device. Each participant received the equipment that was returned, along with a bladder diary, after at least 24 consecutive hours of homemade uroflowmetry recording. Additionally, were assessed with the International Prostatic Symptom Score (I-PSS) and Peeling diagram, whereas the device's ease of use, robustness, and portability were evaluated with a Likert-type questionnaire. Two experienced urodynamicists independently evaluated the tracings' quality rated with a 3° ordinal scale: (1) Interpretable without artifacts; (2) Interpretable with artifacts; (3) Uninterpretable. RESULTS: Participants' median age was 36.6 years old, none having an I-PSS > 5 or Peeling > 2. Overall 138 voidings were recorded (77 daytime, 61 nightly episodes). The device's ease of use, robustness, and portability obtained maximum score in 80% of evaluations. Most (98%) of the tracings were considered interpretable. Limitations included its small study population and short monitoring times. CONCLUSION: The construction of a cheap (<50 USD), accurate user-friendly portable uroflowmeter proved feasible, which could facilitate access to portable uroflowmetry.
Subject(s)
Urination Disorders , Urination , Humans , Adult , Artifacts , Urodynamics , RheologyABSTRACT
Abstract Introduction: Chronic kidney disease, more prevalent in the elderly, is considered a public health issue worldwide. Objective: To evaluate the impact of automated, peritoneal dialysis modalities, intermittent and continuous, on the inflammatory profile of elderly people with chronic kidney disease. Methods: Prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in a dialysis clinic in Brasília - Brazil, with 74 elderly people aged 60 years or older. The patients underwent rapid Peritoneal Equilibration Test, clinical assessment, blood collection for biochemical and cytokine assessments, interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor beta 1, and answered a quality-of-life questionnaire (KDQOL-SF36). We used a 5% significance level for data analysis, associations and correlations. Results: Patients in the continuous modality had higher serum values of transforming growth factor beta 1 than those in the intermittent modality, which had higher peritoneal transforming growth factor beta 1, age and residual renal function than those in continuous mode. Interleukin 6 dosage in the peritoneum was associated with age, while serum IL-6 was associated with IL-6 in the peritoneum, time on dialysis and age. There was no association between the modality and the presence of diabetes, blood volume or nutritional status. Both modalities enable good adaptation to the dialysis treatment. Conclusion: Inflammation in automated peritoneal dialysis is mainly associated with low residual renal function, advanced age and longer time on therapy, and not to the type of dialysis performed.
Resumo Introdução: A doença renal crônica, mais prevalente em idosos, é considerada um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Objetivo: Avaliar o impacto das modalidades de diálise peritoneal automatizada, intermitente e contínua, no perfil inflamatório de idosos renais crônicos. Métodos: Estudo prospectivo, transversal e analítico realizado em uma clínica de diálise em Brasília, com 74 idosos com idade igual ou maior que 60 anos. Os pacientes foram submetidos ao Teste de Equilíbrio Peritoneal rápido, avaliação clínica, coleta de sangue para avaliações bioquímicas e de citocinas, interleucina 6 e fator de crescimento transformador beta 1, e questionário de qualidade de vida (KDQOL-SF36). Foram utilizadas para análise dos dados, associações e correlações com nível de significância de 5%. Resultados: Pacientes na modalidade contínua apresentaram valores séricos do fator de crescimento transformador beta 1 maiores do que os em modalidade intermitente. Estes apresentaram fator de crescimento transformador beta 1 no peritônio, idade e função renal residual maiores do que os em modalidade contínua. A dosagem da interleucina 6 no peritônio foi associada à idade, enquanto a IL-6 sérica foi associada à IL-6 no peritônio, ao tempo em diálise e à idade. Não houve associação entre a modalidade e a presença de diabetes, volemia ou estado nutricional. Ambas as modalidades permitem boa adequação à terapia dialítica. Conclusão: A inflamação na diálise peritoneal automatizada está associada principalmente à baixa função renal residual, à idade avançada e ao maior tempo em terapia, e não à modalidade de diálise realizada.
ABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Chronic kidney disease, more prevalent in the elderly, is considered a public health issue worldwide. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of automated, peritoneal dialysis modalities, intermittent and continuous, on the inflammatory profile of elderly people with chronic kidney disease. METHODS: Prospective, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in a dialysis clinic in Brasília - Brazil, with 74 elderly people aged 60 years or older. The patients underwent rapid Peritoneal Equilibration Test, clinical assessment, blood collection for biochemical and cytokine assessments, interleukin 6 and transforming growth factor beta 1, and answered a quality-of-life questionnaire (KDQOL-SF36). We used a 5% significance level for data analysis, associations and correlations. RESULTS: Patients in the continuous modality had higher serum values of transforming growth factor beta 1 than those in the intermittent modality, which had higher peritoneal transforming growth factor beta 1, age and residual renal function than those in continuous mode. Interleukin 6 dosage in the peritoneum was associated with age, while serum IL-6 was associated with IL-6 in the peritoneum, time on dialysis and age. There was no association between the modality and the presence of diabetes, blood volume or nutritional status. Both modalities enable good adaptation to the dialysis treatment. CONCLUSION: Inflammation in automated peritoneal dialysis is mainly associated with low residual renal function, advanced age and longer time on therapy, and not to the type of dialysis performed.
Subject(s)
Kidney Failure, Chronic , Peritoneal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic , Aged , Humans , Interleukin-6 , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prospective Studies , Renal Dialysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/therapy , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/metabolism , Peritoneum/metabolism , Kidney Failure, Chronic/therapyABSTRACT
O objetivo do presente estudo foi analisar os fatores associados a hospitalização de idosos com 80 anos e mais residentes no Distrito Federal -Brasil. Foram investigados 208 idosos longevos (80 anos e mais) atendidos em ambulatório do Distrito Federal entre os anos de 2016 a 2018. Utilizaram-se testes de rastreio cognitivo, desempenho funcional, fragilidade e questionários padronizados.Ahospitalização no último ano foi associada a idade mais avançada, menor escolaridade, maior prevalência de declínio cognitivo, e possuir fragilidade nos domínios perda de peso e força de preensão manual. Após ajustes segundo modelo logístico múltiplo permaneceram associadas à hospitalização as variáveis escolaridade, fragilidade perda de peso e número de consultas médicas no último ano. Nesse contexto, para prevenção da hospitalização na velhice avançada faz-se necessário investimentos em medidas de gerenciamento de caso, qualificação da atenção em saúde, rastreio e manejo da fragilidade.
The objective of this study was to analyze the factors associated with hospitalization of elderly people aged 80 years and over residing in the Federal District -Brazil. A total of 208 long-lived elderly (80 years and older) treated at an outpatient clinic of the Federal District between 2016 and 2018 were investigated. Cognitive screening, functional performance, frailty and standardized questionnaires tests were used. Hospitalization in the last year was associated with older age, lower education, higher prevalence of cognitive decline, and frailty criteria in the weight loss and handgrip strength. After adjustments according to the multiple logistic model, the variables schooling, frailty weight loss and number ofmedical appointments in the last year remained associated with hospitalization.In this way, to prevent hospitalization in advanced old age, investments in case management measures, health care qualification, screening and management of frailty are required.
El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar los factores asociados a la hospitalización de ancianos de 80 años y más residentes en el Distrito Federal -Brasil. Se investigaron 208 ancianos longevos (80 años y más) atendidos en un ambulatorio del Distrito Federal entre 2016 y 2018. Se utilizaron pruebas de tamizaje cognitivo, desempeño funcional, fragilidad y cuestionarios estandarizados. La hospitalización en el último año se asoció con mayor edad, menor escolaridad, mayor prevalencia de deterioro cognitivo y fragilidad en los dominios de pérdida de peso y fuerza de prensión manual. Después de los ajustes según el modelo logístico múltiple, las variables escolaridad, fragilidad, pérdida de peso y número de consultas médicas en el último año permanecieron asociadas a la hospitalización. En ese contexto, para prevenir la hospitalización en la vejez avanzada, es necesario invertir en medidas de manejo de casos, calificación de la atención a la salud, tamizaje y manejo de la fragilidad.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged, 80 and over , Aged, 80 and over , Aged , Ambulatory Care , Geriatric Nursing , HospitalizationABSTRACT
Recent evidence suggests changes in circulating microRNA levels may be promising biomarkers for the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer disease (AD). We hypothesized that whole-blood microRNAs may be useful to identify individuals with established AD. For this purpose, a sample of community-dwelling women (≥55 years old) carrying the ApoE ∊4 allele were clinically evaluated using the American Psychiatric Association/Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth edition and the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale criteria to diagnose probable AD, and the Clinical Dementia Rating scale to stage the dementia. A set of 25 mature microRNAs was rationally selected for evaluation based on experimental evidence of interaction with genes linked to the late-onset AD neuropathology. Whole-blood concentrations were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Compared to patients without dementia, a median 3-fold decrease in miR-9 levels was found among patients with AD (P = .001). Our findings support blood-borne miR-9 as a candidate biomarker for probable AD, embodied by evidence from the literature of its implication in amyloidogenesis.
Subject(s)
Alzheimer Disease/genetics , Biomarkers/blood , MicroRNAs/genetics , Aged , Alzheimer Disease/blood , Apolipoprotein E4/genetics , Female , Humans , Mental Status and Dementia Tests , MicroRNAs/bloodABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between multi-generational household arrangements (uni-, bi- or tri-generational) and sociodemographic variables, functional performance, mood, social support and life satisfaction in cognitively healthy elderly individuals. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. A total of 107 elderly individuals from the Federal District were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Mini Exame do Estado Mental (Mini-Mental State Examination), the Scales of Basic, Instrumental and Advanced Activities of Daily Living, the Perceived Social Support, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Bivariate statistical analysis indicated that tri-generational arrangements were associated with being female, being a widowed individual and having more children; and uni- or bi-generational arrangements were associated with a greater life satisfaction in comparison to people of the same age, a bigger participation in cultural activities and driving an automobile. These findings indicate that, for elderly individuals, living arrangements are associated with family composition, life satisfaction and social engagement.
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre os arranjos domiciliares multigeracionais (uni, bi ou trigeracionais) e variáveis sociodemográficas, desempenho funcional, humor, suporte social e satisfação com a vida em idosos longevos cognitivamente saudáveis. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo. Foram avaliados 107 idosos do Distrito Federal, por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: Geriatric Deepression Scale, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Atividades Básicas, Instrumentais e Avançadas de Vida Diária, Escala de Suporte Social Percebido e de Satisfação com a Vida. Análises estatísticas bivariadas indicaram que arranjos trigeracionais associaram-se ao sexo feminino, ao estado de viuvez e à existência de mais filhos; já os arranjos uni ou bigeracionais associaram-se à maior satisfação com a vida em comparação com pessoas da mesma idade, bem como à maior participação em atividades culturais e à prática de dirigir automóvel. Esses achados indicam que, para longevos, os arranjos domiciliares associam-se a variáveis de composição familiar, satisfação com a vida e envolvimento social.
Subject(s)
Social Support , Aged , Depression , Social ParticipationABSTRACT
The purpose of this study was to investigate the link between multi-generational household arrangements (uni-, bi- or tri-generational) and sociodemographic variables, functional performance, mood, social support and life satisfaction in cognitively healthy elderly individuals. This is a cross-sectional, descriptive and quantitative study. A total of 107 elderly individuals from the Federal District were evaluated using the Geriatric Depression Scale, the Mini Exame do Estado Mental (Mini-Mental State Examination), the Scales of Basic, Instrumental and Advanced Activities of Daily Living, the Perceived Social Support, and the Life Satisfaction Scale. Bivariate statistical analysis indicated that tri-generational arrangements were associated with being female, being a widowed individual and having more children; and uni- or bi-generational arrangements were associated with a greater life satisfaction in comparison to people of the same age, a bigger participation in cultural activities and driving an automobile. These findings indicate that, for elderly individuals, living arrangements are associated with family composition, life satisfaction and social engagement.
O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre os arranjos domiciliares multigeracionais (uni, bi ou trigeracionais) e variáveis sociodemográficas, desempenho funcional, humor, suporte social e satisfação com a vida em idosos longevos cognitivamente saudáveis. Trata-se de estudo transversal, descritivo e quantitativo. Foram avaliados 107 idosos do Distrito Federal, por meio dos seguintes instrumentos: Geriatric Deepression Scale, Mini Exame do Estado Mental, Escala de Atividades Básicas, Instrumentais e Avançadas de Vida Diária, Escala de Suporte Social Percebido e de Satisfação com a Vida. Análises estatísticas bivariadas indicaram que arranjos trigeracionais associaram-se ao sexo feminino, ao estado de viuvez e à existência de mais filhos; já os arranjos uni ou bigeracionais associaram-se à maior satisfação com a vida em comparação com pessoas da mesma idade, bem como à maior participação em atividades culturais e à prática de dirigir automóvel. Esses achados indicam que, para longevos, os arranjos domiciliares associam-se a variáveis de composição familiar, satisfação com a vida e envolvimento social.
Subject(s)
Social Support , Aged , Residence Characteristics , DepressionABSTRACT
O envelhecimento está relacionado, via de regra, ao uso de medicamentos. Esta é uma revisão sistemática sobre as prevalências de uso de medicamento potencialmente perigosos em idosos, em estudos brasileiros, utilizando-se o Critério de Beers. A prevalência variou entre 17 e 98,2% em amostras domiciliares, ambulatoriais, hospitalares e em instituições de longa permanência. Dados que demonstram a necessidade de políticas de enfrentamento aos riscos inerentes ao uso de medicamento pelo paciente idoso no Brasil.
The aging is related with use of drugs. This research is a systematic review about use of potentially inappropriate drugs for elderly evaluated by Beers Criteria. The prevalence's range was 17 to 98,2% on home, ambulatory, hospital or nursing home samples. These data demonstrate that governmental politics are necessary to face the risks of drugs using by elderly in Brazil.
El envejecimiento generalmente está relacionado con el uso de medicamentos. Esta es una revisión sistemática de la prevalencia del uso de drogas potencialmente peligrosas en los ancianos, en estudios brasileños, utilizando el Criterio de Beers. La prevalencia varió entre 17 y 98.2% en muestras de atención domiciliaria, ambulatoria, hospitalaria y de atención a largo plazo. Datos que demuestran la necesidad de políticas para enfrentar los riesgos inherentes al uso de medicamentos por parte de pacientes de edad avanzada en Brasil.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Prevalence , Potentially Inappropriate Medication List/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions/epidemiology , Inappropriate Prescribing/statistics & numerical dataABSTRACT
Verificou-se a prevalência e reações adversas às doações de sangue em doadores envelhescentes e idosos. Estudo retrospectivo, com dados do sistema informatizado de Hemocentro em Brasília. Do total de 55636 doadores, 6,3% eram envelhescentes; e 0,8%, idosos. Houve menor prevalência de reações adversas nos idosos, sem diferença significativa. Quanto à intensidade das reações, foram leves nos idosos, leves e moderados nos envelhescentes, também sem diferença significativa.
Prevalence and adverse reactions to blood donations were found in aging and elderly donors. Retrospective study with data from the computerized system of Hemocenter in Brasília. Of the 55636 donors, 6.3% were aging and 0.8% elderly. There was a lower prevalence of adverse reactions in the elderly, with no significant difference. Regarding the intensity of the reactions, they were mild in the elderly, mild and moderate in the aging, also without significant difference.
La prevalencia y las reacciones adversas a las donaciones de sangre se encontraron en donantes envejecimiento y ancianos. Estudio retrospectivo con datos del sistema computarizado de Hemocentro en Brasilia. De los 55636 donantes, 6.3% estaban envejeciendo y 0.8% ancianos. Hubo una menor prevalencia de reacciones adversas en los ancianos, sin diferencias significativas. En cuanto a la intensidad de las reacciones, fueron leves en los ancianos, leves y moderados en el envejecimiento, también sin diferencias significativas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Blood Donors/statistics & numerical data , Aged , Prevalence , Prospective Studies , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
O aumento da população idosa, com os complexos problemas de saúde que a envolvem, evidencia a necessidade do uso da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS), que deve ser a porta de entrada para a atenção à saúde dos idosos. Espera-se que a APS exerça ações curativas e, principalmente, de prevenção e promoção à saúde para este grupo etário. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar, em 49 médicos que atuam na APS de Anápolis, estado de Goiás, a formação profissional na área do envelhecimento, os conhecimentos básicos sobre a velhice e as crenças relacionadas aos idosos. Foram aplicados os seguintes questionários: formação acadêmica na área do envelhecimento; Questionário Palmore-Neri-Cachioni, a fim de avaliar os conhecimentos básicos sobre a velhice; e Escala de Neri, para verificar as crenças relacionadas aos idosos. Os médicos mostraram carecer de formação acadêmica e conhecimentos básicos na área gerontológica. Entre eles, 22,4% deles não cursaram a disciplina Geriatria e Gerontologia na graduação, 71,4% não tinham qualquer tipo de especialização, 91,8% não fizeram residência médica. Nos últimos cinco anos, somente 38,8% participaram de cursos de Geriatria e Gerontologia, 10,2% fizeram pesquisa na área, e 59,2% leram algum artigo sobre envelhecimento. Na avaliação dos conhecimentos básicos sobre a velhice, os maiores números de acertos, 91,8% e 83,7%, surgiram nas duas questões que tratam de aspectos físicos do envelhecimento. A questão que recebeu menor número de acertos (6,1%) aborda o aspecto social do envelhecimento; e as duas questões que tratam de aspectos psicológicos tiveram menos de 20% de acertos. Quanto às crenças relacionadas à velhice, a tendência geral das respostas foi negativa. O domínio com avaliação mais positiva foi Agência e o com avaliação mais negativa foi Relacionamento Social. O item com crença mais positiva foi o relacionado à sabedoria. Concluiu-se que é necessária educação continuada para os médicos que atuam na APS, focada nos diferentes aspectos do envelhecimento, incluindo os psicossociais, assim como a adoção de crenças positivas relacionadas aos idosos.
The increase in the elderly population, with the complex health problems that involve it, evidences the need to use Primary Health Care (APS), which should be the gateway to health care for the elderly. It is expected that the APS will carry out curative actions and, mainly, of prevention and health promotion in this age group. The objective of this study was to evaluate the professional training, basic knowledge and beliefs related to the area of aging, in 49 physicians who worked in APS of Anápolis, Goiás, Brazil. The following questionnaires were used: one to verify the professional training in the area of aging; the Palmore-Neri-Cachioni Questionnaire, in the evaluation of basic knowledge about old age; and the Neri Scale, to know the beliefs related to the elderly. The physicians showed lack of professional training and basic knowledge in the gerontological area. Among them, 22.4% did not attend Geriatrics / Gerontology discipline at graduation, 71.4% did not have any type of specialization and 91.8% did not obtain medical residency. In the last five years, only 38.8% participated in Geriatrics courses, 10.2% did research in the area and 59.2% read some article about aging. In the evaluation of basic knowledge about old age, the highest numbers of correct answers, 91.8% and 83,7%, have arisen in the two questions that deal with the physical aspects of aging. The issue that received fewer correct answers (6.1%) addresses the social aspect of aging and two issues dealing with psychological aspects had less than 20% of correct answers. As to the beliefs related to old age, the general tendency of the answers was negative. The domain with the most positive evaluation was Agency and the one with the most negative evaluation was Social Relationship. The item with the most positive belief was that of wisdom. It was concluded that continuous education of these professionals is necessary, focused on the different aspects of aging including the psychosocial, as well as the adoption of positive beliefs related to the elderly.
El aumento de la población de ancianos, con los complejos problemas de salud que lo rodean, resalta la necesidad del uso de Atención Primaria de Salud (APS), que debería ser la puerta de entrada a la atención de la salud de los ancianos. Se espera que PHC realice acciones curativas y, principalmente, prevención y promoción de la salud para este grupo de edad. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar, en 49 médicos que trabajan en APS de Anápolis, estado de Goiás, Brasil, la formación profesional en el área del envejecimiento, los conocimientos básicos sobre la vejez y las creencias relacionadas con los ancianos. Se aplicaron los siguientes cuestionarios: educación académica en el área del envejecimiento; Cuestionario Palmore-NeriCachioni para evaluar los conocimientos básicos sobre la vejez; y Escala Neri para verificar las creencias relacionadas con los ancianos. Los médicos mostraron falta de antecedentes académicos y conocimientos básicos en gerontología. Entre ellos, el 22.4% de ellos no asistió al curso de pregrado de Geriatría y Gerontología, el 71.4% no tenía especialización, el 91.8% no tenía residencia. En los últimos cinco años, solo el 38.8% asistió a cursos de Geriatría y Gerontología, el 10.2% investigó en el área y el 59.2% leyó algún artículo sobre el envejecimiento. En la evaluación de los conocimientos básicos sobre la vejez, el mayor número de respuestas correctas, 91.8% y 83.7%, surgió en las dos preguntas que tratan con los aspectos físicos del envejecimiento. La pregunta que recibió el menor número de visitas (6,1%) aborda el aspecto social del envejecimiento; y las dos preguntas que tratan aspectos psicológicos tenían menos del 20% de respuestas correctas. En cuanto a las creencias relacionadas con la vejez, la tendencia general de las respuestas fue negativa. El dominio con la calificación más positiva fue Agencia y el dominio con la calificación más negativa fue Relación Social. El artículo con la creencia más positiva estaba relacionado con la sabiduría. Se concluyó que se requiere educación continua para los médicos que trabajan en APS, centrados en diferentes aspectos del envejecimiento, incluido el psicosocial, así como la adopción de creencias positivas relacionadas con los ancianos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Primary Health Care , Aging , Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice , Geriatrics , Health Promotion , Physicians , Education, Medical, ContinuingABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus raises interest in understanding its evolutionary-genetic basis, to unveil yet unknown pathways that may have immediate medical relevance. The HNF1ß gene (hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta) is a transcription factor expressed in tissues such as liver, kidney, genital tract and pancreas that is known to be essential for insulin secretion and glucose balance. We tested the association of allelic variants produced by the HNF1ß gene (rs4430796) variation with the clinical and biochemical profile of elderly Brazilian outpatients with metabolic disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Anthropometry, blood pressure, glycaemia, lipemia and other parameters were assessed in 184 Brazilians aged 60 or older in clinical care settings. Alleles were determined by amplification of the polymorphic site by real time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Analysing variables across the genotypes, a statistically significant difference was noticed in the allele frequencies among diabetic patients, with 30.8% of the A homozygous bearing the condition compared to a prevalence of 12.2% between G homozygotes. CONCLUSION: Our results corroborate the possible protective property of the GG genotype from the rs4430796 variation (already presented in the literature) against occurrence of diabetes mellitus, which appears applicable to elderly individuals as well, even in the context of multiple metabolic disorders so typical in older Brazilians.
Subject(s)
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta/genetics , Aged , Alleles , Brazil , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Female , Gene Frequency , Genotype , Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta/metabolism , Humans , Male , Polymorphism, Single NucleotideABSTRACT
Although prostate cancer (PCa) is the sixth most common type of neoplasm in the world and the second in prevalence among men (10% of all cases), there is shortage of studies focused on primary prevention of the disorder as well as little understanding on its pathophysiology. Currently, the PCa screening tools are the prostate specific antigen (PSA) dosage conjugated to rectal examination and confirmed by prostate biopsy. Despite the name, the PSA presents reduced specificity, being necessary the identification of new biomarkers that allow an earlier and more precise diagnosis and even better prognosis. Several studies have associated matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their tissue inhibitors (TIMPs) to PCa tumorigenesis and metastasis. Most of the studies so far have been carried out by investigating in situ expression of the metalloproteinases, either by transcriptional measures or by immunohistochemistry with biopsy or postoperative tissue. Investigations in human plasma and serum are scarce, and a bibliographical search resulted in 17 studies which are presented and interpreted herein. This narrative review discusses their settings and findings along with aspects related to circulating metalloproteinases as potential biomarkers for diagnosis or prognosis of the prostatic malignancy, expressing the authors' reticent view on their applicability due to the poor quality of evidence available.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Due to the high incidence of vascular diseases, it is necessary to identify new circulating or structural markers for predicting risk for chronic diseases. Some studies suggest that MMP1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the enzyme expression levels in situ (e.g., in atherosclerotic plaques). OBJECTIVES: Thus, the study of this polymorphism may help understanding the pathophysiology of coronary disease. METHODS: We performed cross-sectional clinical and laboratory evaluations (including measurement of intima-media thickness of carotid arteries) and genotyping of the MMP1 SNP rs495366 (A/G) in 366 elderly people. RESULTS: No significant differences between genotypes were noted for biochemical, metabolic, inflammatory, or clinical variables except for a significant difference in intima-media thickness for the left carotid artery and a trend toward significance for the right counterpart. CONCLUSION: Carriers of the allele associated with lower MMP1 expression (allele A) presented greater carotid thickness. We suggest that the phenomenon can be explained by impaired remodeling of the arterial wall (poor degradation of collagen fibers in this scenario), yielding carotid wall thickening and a greater intrinsic risk for cerebrovascular events.
ABSTRACT
SUMMARY INTRODUCTION: The impact of type 2 diabetes mellitus raises interest in understanding its evolutionary-genetic basis, to unveil yet unknown pathways that may have immediate medical relevance. The HNF1β gene (hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 beta) is a transcription factor expressed in tissues such as liver, kidney, genital tract and pancreas that is known to be essential for insulin secretion and glucose balance. We tested the association of allelic variants produced by the HNF1β gene (rs4430796) variation with the clinical and biochemical profile of elderly Brazilian outpatients with metabolic disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Anthropometry, blood pressure, glycaemia, lipemia and other parameters were assessed in 184 Brazilians aged 60 or older in clinical care settings. Alleles were determined by amplification of the polymorphic site by real time polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Analysing variables across the genotypes, a statistically significant difference was noticed in the allele frequencies among diabetic patients, with 30.8% of the A homozygous bearing the condition compared to a prevalence of 12.2% between G homozygotes. CONCLUSION: Our results corroborate the possible protective property of the GG genotype from the rs4430796 variation (already presented in the literature) against occurrence of diabetes mellitus, which appears applicable to elderly individuals as well, even in the context of multiple metabolic disorders so typical in older Brazilians.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Genetic Predisposition to Disease/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta/genetics , Brazil , Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/metabolism , Alleles , Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor 1-beta/metabolism , Gene Frequency , GenotypeABSTRACT
Os indivíduos com idade avançada consomem maior número de medicações e, como consequência, surgem reações adversas frequentes a essas drogas, inclusive na cavidade bucal. O objetivo é verificar as reações adversas na cavidade oral relacionadas aos medicamentos, a fim de que sejam diagnosticadas corretamente e se executem ações que as reduzam ou eliminem. Como metodologia, nesta revisão, foram buscados artigos originais relatando estas reações em idosos, em inglês, português e espanhol, publicados de 2000 a 2018, usando-se termos relevantes ao tema, publicados on-line nas bases de dados dos periódicos da CAPES. Os artigos foram selecionados após leitura dos seus títulos e resumos efetuando-se, a seguir, leitura completa dos mesmos. Os Resultados mostram que, entre os 12 artigos selecionados, tivemos: 6 (50%) sobre xerostomia; 2 (17%) com ulcerações orais consequentes ao nicorandil; 2 (17%) com osteonecrose da mandíbula (bifosfonato e bevacizumab, um em cada); e 1 (8,3%) com ageusia (associada a romidepsin); e 1 (8,3%) com candidíase (associada a corticoide inalatório). Concluiu-se que o idoso requer atenção redobrada durante as consultas médicas e procedimentos odontológicos, em razão da associação de diferentes doenças crônicas e o uso contínuo de diversas medicações. Há necessidade de maior número de publicações focando este tema neste grupo etário, principalmente naqueles indivíduos mais longevos.
Introduction: The individuals with advanced age are the ones who consume the greatest number of medications and, as consequence, adverse reactions to these drugs often occur, including in the oral cavity. Objective: These drug-related manifestations deserve attention of health professionals so that they are properly diagnosed and actions are taken to reduce or eliminate them. Material and methods: In this article, we reviewed original articles, published from 2000 to 2018, reporting these reactions in elderly patients. Articles in English, Portuguese and Spanish were searched, using terms relevant to the topic, published online in the CAPES journals databases. The articles were selected after reading their titles and summaries and, then, the complete articles. Results: Among the 12 articles showing adverse drug reactions in the oral cavity of the elderly, we had: 6 (50%) with xerostomia and its consequences; 2 (17%) with oral ulcerations consequent to the use of nicorandil; 2 (17%) with osteonecrosis of the mandible (bisphosphonate and bevacizumab, one in each); and 1 (8.3%) with ageusia (associated with romidepsin) and 1 (8.3%) with oral candidiasis (associated with inhaled corticosteroids). Conclusion: The elderly require increased attention during medical consultations and dental procedures, due to the association of different chronic diseases and the continuous use of several medications. There is a need for a greater number of publications focusing on this theme in this age group, especially in those longevous senior individuals.
Los individuos con edad avanzada consumen mayor número de medicamentos y, como consecuencia, surgen reacciones adversas frecuentes a estos fármacos, incluso en la cavidad bucal. El objetivo es verificar las reacciones adversas en la cavidad oral relacionadas con los medicamentos, a fin de que sean diagnosticadas correctamente y se ejecuten acciones que las reduzcan o eliminen. La metodología de esta revisión se buscaron artículos originales que informaron estas reacciones en las personas mayores, en inglés, portugués y español, publicados desde 2000 hasta 2018, si el uso de términos relacionados con el tema, publicados en línea en las bases de datos CAPES periódicas. Los artículos fueron seleccionados después de leer sus títulos y resúmenes efectuando, a continuación, lectura completa de los mismos. Los resultados muestran que, entre los 12 artículos seleccionados, tuvimos: 6 (50%) sobre xerostomía; 2 (17%) con ulceraciones orales consecuentes al nicorandil; 2 (17%) con osteonecrosis de la mandíbula (bifosfonato y bevacizumab, uno en cada uno); y 1 (8,3%) con ageusia (asociada a romidepsin); y 1 (8,3%) con candidiasis (asociada a corticoides inhalados). Se concluyó que el anciano requiere atención redoblada durante las consultas médicas y procedimientos odontológicos, en razón de la asociación de diferentes enfermedades crónicas y el uso continuo de diversas medicaciones. Hay necesidad de mayor número de publicaciones enfocando este tema en este grupo de edad, principalmente en aquellos individuos más longevos.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions , Mouth/drug effects , Taste Disorders/chemically induced , Xerostomia/chemically induced , Mouth Mucosa/drug effectsABSTRACT
The Brazilian population ages in an accelerated and progressive way. Evaluative studies that seek to trace the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the elderly in Home Physiotherapy programs of a given region is of great relevance as an indicator for the implementation of public and private services, avoiding unnecessary expenses, adequate resources and providing essential information for the direction of actions in home care. The objective of this research was to characterize the sociodemographic and clinical profile of the elderly people in home physiotherapy programs. This is an analytical study and cross-sectional design with elderly people from the public and private sectors using the Elderly Person's Health Handbook. The studied population was of 241 elderly with predominantly females in the two groups (average of 70.4%)
A população brasileira envelhece de forma acelerada e progressiva. Estudos avaliativos que buscam traçar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico da pessoa idosa em programas de Fisioterapia Domiciliar de determinada região é de grande relevância funcionando como indicador para implementação de serviços públicos e privados, evitando gastos desnecessários, recursos adequados e fornecendo informações imprescindíveis para o direcionamento de ações na assistência domiciliar. O objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico e clínico da pessoa idosa em programas de fisioterapia domiciliar. Trata-se de um estudo de caráter analítico e delineamento transversal com idosos do setor público e privado utilizando a Caderneta de Saúde da Pessoa Idosa. A população estudada foi de 241 idosos com predominância para o gênero feminino nos dois grupos (média de 70,4%)...
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Rehabilitation , Health of the Elderly , Physical Therapy Specialty , Health Services for the Aged , Home NursingABSTRACT
Objetivo: Avaliar efeitos do Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) na capacidade funcional (CF) e na qualidade de vida (QV) de homens idosos com baixa densidade mineral óssea (DMO). Método: Estudo quasi-experimental, controlado, cego, com 41 idosos (≥ 60 anos) divididos em dois grupos: grupo experimental G1 (TCC; n = 20; 69,2 ± 6,2 anos) e grupo controle G2 (controle; n = 21; 69,0 ± 5,7 anos). A DMO (coluna lombar e colo do fêmur) foi avaliada com raios-x de dupla energia (DEXA). Para aferir CF foram utilizados: testes de resistência aeróbia (RA); de força e flexibilidade de membros superiores e inferiores; de equilíbrio em condições estática, dinâmica e funcional; e de alcance funcional, assim como para risco de quedas. A QV foi pesquisada pelo questionário SF-36 (MOS 36 ltem Short-Form Health Survey). O G1 praticou TCC estilo Yang, com 24 movimentos por 12 semanas, 2 vezes por semana, em intensidade leve; o G2 não praticou atividade física orientada. Resultados: Praticantes de TCC apresentaram valores significativamente maiores em resistência aeróbia, em força de membros superiores e inferiores, e para equilíbrio dinâmico. Ao aferir a QV, surgiu significância para escore total, assim como para as dimensões de capacidade funcional, estado geral de saúde, vitalidade e saúde mental. Discussão: Constataram-se efeitos benéficos do TCC em CF e QV, o que agrega evidências à sua utilização em homens idosos com baixa DMO. Conclusão: O TCC é eficaz na melhora da CF e da QV em homens idosos com baixa DMO.
Objective: The purpose was to assess the effect of Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) on functional capacity (FC) and quality of life (QoL) in elderly men with low bone mineral density (BMD). Methods: This quasi-experimental, controlled blinded trial evaluated 41 senior men (≥ 60 years), divided into two groups: control group 1 G1 (TCC; n = 20; 69.2 ± 6.2 years) and control group 2 G2 (control; n = 21; 69.0 ± 5.7 years). The BMD (of lumbar spine and femur neck) was assessed by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). FC was assessed for aerobic endurance, for upper and lower limbs strength and flexibility, for static, dynamic and functional balance testes, and for risk of falls. QoL was assessed by the SF-36 questionnaire (MOS 36-item Short-Form Health Survey). G1 practiced the 24-form Yang style of TCC, for 12 weeks twice a week on low intensity; G2 did not practice oriented physical activity. Results: TCC practitioners had significantly higher scores for aerobic endurance, upper and lower limbs strength, and dynamic balance. In terms of QoL, values were significantly better in total score and aspects such as FC, general health, vitality, and mental health. DISCUSSION: TCC was proven beneficial to FC and QoL scores, which adds evidence for its practice by elderly men with low BMD. Conclusion: TCC training is effective in improving FC and QoL in elderly men with low BMD.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Osteoporosis , Quality of Life , Aged , Tai Ji , Non-Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicABSTRACT
Com o aumento da expectativa de vida brasileira, novas medidas de prevenção de doenças crônico-degenerativas devem ser melhor observadas.O objetivo desta revisão é direcionar a atenção dos profissionais de saúde para os fatores de risco do câncer de pele não melanoma (CPNM), ou seja, carcinomas basocelular e espinocelular, em idosos brasileiros. Estes indivíduos vivem em país tropical, portanto com grande incidência solar, considerada o maior fator de risco para as neoplasias cutâneas, que são as de maior prevalência no país. O agravante nos idosos é que eles são portadores de sistema imune deficiente, além de sofrerem as consequências dos fatores ambientais aos quais foram submetidos ao longo de toda vida. O conhecimento dos fatores de risco é necessário, assim como a adesão a medidas protetoras, para que seja menor a chance de desenvolverem neoplasias, uma vez que a radiação solar é cumulativa. Assim, a prevenção e, principalmente, o diagnóstico precoce são importantes, devendo-se conscientizar o indivíduo idoso sobre os cuidados de fotoproteção que, mesmo simples, ainda não tiveram a adesão diária necessária nessa população. No Brasil, é a região sul a que concentra maior número de CPNM, embora seja a região geográfica com menores índice de radiação ultravioleta (IUV). Portanto, mais estudos são necessários no país, a fim de que as variáveis locais, diferentes das presentes em outros países, sejam melhor conhecidas.
Subject(s)
Skin Neoplasms , Aged , Carcinoma, Basal Cell , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Risk FactorsABSTRACT
Objetivo: analisar o número, a proporção e a porcentagem de redução das internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária de idosos. Método: estudo ecológico, com dados secundários do Sistema de Informações Hospitalares/SUS disponíveis no site do Departamento de Informática do SUS. Calculou-se a proporção por 1000/habitantes e a porcentagem de redução das internações de idosos das regiões geográficas brasileiras nos anos de 2003 a 2012. Resultados: a região Sudeste apresentou o maior número de internações de idosos, a Sul obteve as maiores proporções de 2007 a 2012, o Sudeste apresentou as menores proporções, o Centro-Oeste apresentou maior redução (32,70%) de internações, na Norte houve aumento de 20,21% e, no Brasil, redução de 17,64%. Conclusão: os avanços na Atenção Primária influenciaram a redução das internações por condições sensíveis à atenção primária, destacando-se também a influência dos aspectos socioeconômicos.
Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Primary Health Care , Health Evaluation , Population Dynamics , Hospitalization , Aged , Health Status Indicators , Ecological Studies , Unified Health SystemABSTRACT
BACKGROUND AND AIM: Disturbance in the carotid arteries strongly predicts cerebrovascular events and correlates with a systemic inflammatory milieu. We investigated the relationship of a profile of 10 circulating inflammatory mediators with measures of carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in elderly subjects, taking traditional risk factors into account. METHODS: Clinical inspection for present and past chronic conditions and events, as well as biochemical and anthropometric measurements, was performed for patients in ambulatory setting. Scores of cIMT were obtained bilaterally in the distal common carotid artery wall. Serum concentrations of cytokines were assessed by bead-based, multiplexed flow cytometry immunoassays. RESULTS: Correlation analysis between log-transformed cytokines levels implicated the mediators interleukin-1ß (IL1ß), IL6, IL8, IL10, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) (P ≤ .005) with scores of the left cIMT. Stepwise multivariate regression showed that TNFα, IL1ß, and IL6 levels accounted for most of the variance in the cIMT scores. Comparison of cytokine levels across increasing tertiles of the left cIMT reproduced the positive association with TNFα and IL1ß levels. CONCLUSION: Five out of ten immune mediators independently correlated with cIMT of older subjects in a territory-sensitive manner. This possible contribution of immune mediators to an atherosclerotic process probably relates to the inflammaging process.
