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1.
PLoS Genet ; 18(1): e1009965, 2022 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35041649

ABSTRACT

Aspergillus fumigatus causes a range of human and animal diseases collectively known as aspergillosis. A. fumigatus possesses and expresses a range of genetic determinants of virulence, which facilitate colonisation and disease progression, including the secretion of mycotoxins. Gliotoxin (GT) is the best studied A. fumigatus mycotoxin with a wide range of known toxic effects that impair human immune cell function. GT is also highly toxic to A. fumigatus and this fungus has evolved self-protection mechanisms that include (i) the GT efflux pump GliA, (ii) the GT neutralising enzyme GliT, and (iii) the negative regulation of GT biosynthesis by the bis-thiomethyltransferase GtmA. The transcription factor (TF) RglT is the main regulator of GliT and this GT protection mechanism also occurs in the non-GT producing fungus A. nidulans. However, the A. nidulans genome does not encode GtmA and GliA. This work aimed at analysing the transcriptional response to exogenous GT in A. fumigatus and A. nidulans, two distantly related Aspergillus species, and to identify additional components required for GT protection. RNA-sequencing shows a highly different transcriptional response to exogenous GT with the RglT-dependent regulon also significantly differing between A. fumigatus and A. nidulans. However, we were able to observe homologs whose expression pattern was similar in both species (43 RglT-independent and 11 RglT-dependent). Based on this approach, we identified a novel RglT-dependent methyltranferase, MtrA, involved in GT protection. Taking into consideration the occurrence of RglT-independent modulated genes, we screened an A. fumigatus deletion library of 484 transcription factors (TFs) for sensitivity to GT and identified 15 TFs important for GT self-protection. Of these, the TF KojR, which is essential for kojic acid biosynthesis in Aspergillus oryzae, was also essential for virulence and GT biosynthesis in A. fumigatus, and for GT protection in A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, and A. oryzae. KojR regulates rglT, gliT, gliJ expression and sulfur metabolism in Aspergillus species. Together, this study identified conserved components required for GT protection in Aspergillus species.


Subject(s)
Aspergillus/growth & development , Gliotoxin/pharmacology , Methyltransferases/genetics , Transcription Factors/genetics , Aspergillus/drug effects , Aspergillus/genetics , Aspergillus fumigatus/drug effects , Aspergillus fumigatus/genetics , Aspergillus fumigatus/growth & development , Aspergillus nidulans/drug effects , Aspergillus nidulans/genetics , Aspergillus nidulans/growth & development , Aspergillus oryzae/drug effects , Aspergillus oryzae/genetics , Aspergillus oryzae/growth & development , Fungal Proteins/genetics , Gene Expression Profiling , Gene Expression Regulation, Fungal , Gliotoxin/biosynthesis , RNA-Seq
2.
Zootaxa ; 4860(1): zootaxa.4860.1.9, 2020 Oct 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33056178

ABSTRACT

Vocalization is one of the main behaviors of anurans (Köhler et al. 2017). Calls emitted by these animals display several social and ecological functions. For example, they can be used for attraction of conspecific females (Toledo et al. 2015) and territorial defense (Wells 2010). Advertisement calls are emitted predominantly by males (Kelley 2004) and constitute a key-factor for species identification (Köhler et al. 2017).


Subject(s)
Anura , Vocalization, Animal , Animals , Female , Male
3.
Femina ; 43(1)jan.-fev. 2015.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-754433

ABSTRACT

A gravidez indesejada continua a ser um grave problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Uma das explicações para a manutenção de altas taxas de gestações não planejadas relaciona-se com os efeitos adversos provocados por grande parte dos métodos contraceptivos disponíveis que levam as usuárias a descontinuar seu uso. Nos últimos anos, tem se visto um aumento nas opções de contracepção para garantir métodos mais eficazes, com maiores taxas de continuação e níveis elevados de satisfação da paciente. Entre os métodos contraceptivos de longa ação e com rápida reversibilidade, o implante é considerado um dos mais eficazes e mais seguros. Dentre os efeitos adversos relacionados com esse tipo de contracepção, estão incluídos: alterações no padrão do sangramento, cefaleia, aumento do peso, acne, mastalgia, labilidade emocional e dor abdominal. Portanto, no presente estudo, fez-se uma atualização sobre os possíveis efeitos colaterais desse contraceptivo, visando a um melhor aconselhamento pelos profissionais de saúde antes da inserção desse método, a fim de garantir melhor adesão a ele. Estudos demonstram que um aconselhamento claro antes de iniciar um método de longa duração como o implante subdérmico é imprescindível para melhorar a satisfação e a adesão ao método contraceptivo.


Unwanted pregnancy remains a serious public health problem worldwide. An explanation for keeping high rates of unplanned pregnancies is related to the adverse effects caused by most of the available contraceptive methods that lead users to discontinue its use. In recent years, it has been seen an increase in contraceptive options to ensure the most effective methods with higher continuation rates and high levels of patient satisfaction. Among the long-acting contraceptive methods with rapid reversibility, the implant is considered one of the most effective and safest ways. Among the adverse effects associated with the drug are included: changes in the pattern of bleeding, headache, weight gain, acne, breast pain, emotional lability and abdominal pain. Therefore, in our study it was made an update review on possible side effects of contraception, seeking a better counseling by health professionals before insertion in order to ensure better adherence to the method. Studies show that clear advice before starting long duration method as subdermal implant is essential to improve the satisfaction and adherence to contraception.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Contraception/adverse effects , Drug Implants/adverse effects , Progesterone/adverse effects , Contraception , Contraception/methods , Education, Continuing , Pregnancy, Unwanted , Progesterone/pharmacology , Societies, Scientific
4.
Rev. enferm. UFPE on line ; 4(3,n.esp): 1070-1075, maio-jun 2010. ilustrado
Article in Portuguese | BDENF - Nursing | ID: biblio-987416

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: levantar, na literatura, quanto à aplicabilidade das estratégias não farmacológicas no alívio da dor, com a finalidade de contribuir para a melhoria da qualidade da assistência de enfermagem obstétrica à parturiente. Metodologia: trata-se de uma revisão integrativa de literatura com aplicação do método qualitativo descritivo, com análise de publicações disponíveis no banco de dados BIREME, realizada entre outubro a novembro de 2009. Foram incluídos artigos publicados no período de 2000 a 2009, com textos completos, sendo artigos produzidos pela enfermagem ou com sua participação; os critérios de exclusão, que consistiam em estudos internacionais, visto que o objetivo era conhecer a realidade do Brasil, daí selecionou-se 10 artigos a partir destes critérios. Resultados: foram levantados 4 estudos que subsidiaram a aplicabilidade, efetividade e vantagens mediante a temática em questão. Conclusão: com a aplicação das estratégias não farmacológicas, o processo do trabalho de parto poderá ser menos doloroso, menos tenso, visto que as parturientes necessitam de atenção, aconselhamento e habilidades de comunicação.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Labor Pain/nursing , Pain , Labor, Obstetric , Epidemiology , Qualitative Research , Nursing Care , Obstetric Nursing
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