Implementation impact assessment of Uber System on mortality from traffic injuries in Brazilian capitals.

The rapid expansion of Uber System and e-hailing apps has been transforming the logistics network and urban mobility around the world. The present work aims at evaluating the impact of Uber System on the traffic injury mortality (TI) in implementation in Brazilian capitals. A quasi-experimental design of interrupted time series was used. The monthly mortality rates for TI standardized by age were analised. The date of availability of Uber app, specific to each capital, was considered as the start date. Data from the Brazilian Mortality Information System and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics were used. For the data analysis from interrupted time series design, ARIMA with transfer function were fitted. In 95,6% (n=25) of Brazilian capitals, there was no impact of Uber System implementation, twelve months after the start of its activities, on mortality from traffic injuries. A reduction in mortality from this cause was observed after the System was implemented in Belo Horizonte e Rio de Janeiro. The impact was progressive and continuous on TI mortality in both. More studies are needed to establish the factors associated with the inequalities observed in the impact of the Uber System implementation between different locations and the heterogeneity of effects.

Uber use after alcohol consumption among car/motorcycle drivers in ten Brazilian capitals.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to measure the proportion of Uber use instead of drinking and driving in ten Brazilian capitals, in 2019. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was developed in ten Brazilian capitals. Data were collected in agglomeration points (AP) and sobriety checkpoints (SC). Based on responses to a standardized questionnaire, the proportion of drivers who used Uber instead of drinking and driving was measured for total sample of each methodology and stratified by municipality, age group, gender, education level, and type of vehicle. Fisher's exact test was used to make comparisons between the strata. RESULTS: A total of 8,864 drivers were interviewed. The most used means of transport to replace driving after drinking alcohol was the Uber system (AP: 54.6%; 95%CI: 51.2-58.0. SC: 58.6%; 95%CI: 55.2-61.9). Most of these users were aged from 18 to 29 years, women, with at least one higher education degree. According to the AP methodology, the highest magnitude of this indicator was found in Vitória (ES) (71.0%; 95%CI: 63.5-77.5), whereas the lowest was observed in Teresina (PI) (33.1%; 95%CI: 22.7-45.5). According to the SC methodology, the highest magnitude of the indicator was also found in Vitória (ES) (78.3%; 95%CI: 68.8-85.5), whereas the lowest was observed in Boa Vista (RR) (36.6%; 95%CI: 26.8-47.7). CONCLUSION: In Brazilian capitals, the study showed higher proportions of Uber use instead of drinking and driving. This type of scientific evidence on factors associated with road traffic injuries presents the potential to guide public health interventions.

Impact of the program life in traffic and new zero-tolerance drinking and driving law on the prevalence of driving after alcohol abuse in Brazilian capitals: An interrupted time series analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Driving under the influence of alcohol is one of the main factors for morbidity and mortality from traffic accidents. In 2010 and 2013, the Program Life in Traffic was implemented in Brazil, including the international initiative "Road Safety in Ten Countries", which established actions to reduce one of the main risk factors for road traffic injuries, the driving under the influence of alcohol. In 2012, a new zero-tolerance drinking and driving law (new dry law) was implemented, establishing a zero-tolerance limit for the drivers' blood alcohol concentration, and increasing punitive measures. This study aimed at analyzing the impact of these measures on the prevalence of driving under the influence of alcohol abuse in Brazilian capitals. METHODS: An interrupted time series study was conducted using the models of autoregressive integrated moving average or seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average. The main outcome was the prevalence of driving after alcohol abuse in the adult population (≥ 18 years). The model's predictors were the interventions "Program Life in Traffic" and "New Dry Law". The former was implemented in the first quarter of 2011, initially in five capitals: Belo Horizonte, Campo Grande, Palmas, Teresina, and Curitiba, being expanded to the other capitals in the first quarter of 2013. The latter was implemented in the country on the first quarter of 2013. Data source for the study was the records of the surveillance system for risk and protection factors of chronic diseases through telephone survey (Vigitel) from 2007 to 2016. RESULTS: The time intervals considered in the study were the quarters. Thirty-eight units were considered in the analysis, corresponding to time series points. It was found that after the implementation of the Program Life in Traffic, in the first quarter of 2011, there was a reduction in the prevalence in Belo Horizonte and Curitiba. Because the introduction of the New Dry Law and the Program Life in Traffic took place in similar periods in the other cities, there was a significant reduction in the outcome prevalence in the cities of Aracaju, Belo Horizonte, Boa Vista, Fortaleza, João Pessoa, Maceió, Manaus, Palmas, Porto Alegre, Recife, Teresina, Rio Branco, and Vitória following the law application. CONCLUSION: The present study identified an immediate impact of the Program Life in Traffic in two capitals (Belo Horizonte and Curitiba) and a joint impact of the New Dry Law in 13 capitals. The results of this study have implications for strengthening interventions aimed at reducing the burden of morbidity and mortality from traffic accidents in Brazil.

Magnitude and factors associated with motor road traffic injuries in Brazil: Results from the National Health Survey, 2019.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the magnitude and factors associated with self-reported road traffic injuries (RTI) in Brazil. METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted using data from individuals aged 18 years or older, participants in the 2019 National Health Survey, a population-based conducted on 88,531 adult individuals in Brazil. Three indicators were analyzed: (i) Proportion (%) of individuals aged 18 years or older who were involved in RTI in the past 12 months; (ii) Proportion (%) of car drivers who were involved in RTI in the past 12 months; and (iii), Proportion (%) of motorcycle drivers who were involved in RTI in the past 12 months. In the inferential analysis, multiple Poisson regression was used to analyze the association between demographic and socioeconomic variables and RTI, stratified for the general population, population of car and motorcycle drivers. RESULTS: The estimated prevalence of self-reported RTI in the past 12 months was 2.4%. The South, Southeast, Northeast, Central-West, and North regions of Brazil had prevalences of 2.0%, 2.1%, 2.7%, 3.2%, and 3.4%, respectively. The results also show that most developed regions (South and Southeast) showed the lowest prevalence's, the highest frequencies were observed in those with lower socioeconomic development levels (Central-West, North, and Northeast). The prevalence was also higher in the subgroup of motorcyclists when compared to car drivers. In the general sample, the Poisson model showed an association between male sex, younger age, low level of education, residing outside capitals and metropolitan regions, in the North, Northeast and South regions and the prevalence of RTI. In car drivers, similar associations were found, except for area of residence. In motorcycle drivers, young age, low level of education, living in urban areas were associated with increased prevalence of RTI. CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RTI is still high within the country, with disparities between regions, affecting more motorcyclists, young people, males, individuals with low education, and residents of the countryside.

Spatial distribution of leprosy in municipalities of the state of Goiás in the year 2020

Leprosy is a chronic infectious disease caused by an acid-resistant bacillus called Mycobacterium leprae and the disease is characterized by its slow multiplication, with an excessively long incubation period. The objective of the research was to evaluate the spatial distribution of leprosy cases among the municipalities of the State of Goiás in 2020. This is a descriptive study and the data collection took place from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN) in November, 2021 and it considered the diagnosis´ year and the patient's municipality of residence. The following indicators were adopted in the analysis: a) annual prevalence rate per 10,000 inhabitants; b) annual rate of new cases detection in the general population; and c) annual rate of new cases detection in individuals under 15 years of age, these last two per 100,000 inhabitants. The analysis of the spatial occurrence pattern of leprosy in Goiás State municipalities was carried out in the free software Terraview version 4.2.2. A higher prevalence of distribution of the gross rate of the disease was observed in the Central-North and Central-West macro-regions, with a concentration of cases also in the Northeast region of the State. From the 246 Goiás municipalities, 68.7% (n = 169) had cases of leprosy, 18.3% (n = 45) were in a situation of hyperendemia and 23.2% (n = 57) had a very high detection coefficient. Considering the rate of detection in those people under 15 years of age, only 11 municipalities (4.5%) were in a situation of hyperendemia and 1.2% (n = 3) had a very high detection coefficient (5.00 to 9.99/ 10.000 inhabitants). The current investigation indicates the maintenance of leprosy hyperendemic areas in the State of Goiás, when compared to previous studies. This finding highlights the importance of readjustment of leprosy management and assistance in municipalities at greater risk of leprosy hyperendemicity in order to interrupt the M. leprae transmission chain.

Uber use after alcohol consumption among car/motorcycle drivers in ten Brazilian capitals

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE This study aimed to measure the proportion of Uber use instead of drinking and driving in ten Brazilian capitals, in 2019. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was developed in ten Brazilian capitals. Data were collected in agglomeration points (AP) and sobriety checkpoints (SC). Based on responses to a standardized questionnaire, the proportion of drivers who used Uber instead of drinking and driving was measured for total sample of each methodology and stratified by municipality, age group, gender, education level, and type of vehicle. Fisher's exact test was used to make comparisons between the strata. RESULTS A total of 8,864 drivers were interviewed. The most used means of transport to replace driving after drinking alcohol was the Uber system (AP: 54.6%; 95%CI: 51.2-58.0. SC: 58.6%; 95%CI: 55.2-61.9). Most of these users were aged from 18 to 29 years, women, with at least one higher education degree. According to the AP methodology, the highest magnitude of this indicator was found in Vitória (ES) (71.0%; 95%CI: 63.5-77.5), whereas the lowest was observed in Teresina (PI) (33.1%; 95%CI: 22.7-45.5). According to the SC methodology, the highest magnitude of the indicator was also found in Vitória (ES) (78.3%; 95%CI: 68.8-85.5), whereas the lowest was observed in Boa Vista (RR) (36.6%; 95%CI: 26.8-47.7). CONCLUSION In Brazilian capitals, the study showed higher proportions of Uber use instead of drinking and driving. This type of scientific evidence on factors associated with road traffic injuries presents the potential to guide public health interventions.

Estimate of the magnitude of risky and protective behaviors associated with road traffic injuries in capitals participating in the Life in Traffic Project of Brazil.

BACKGROUND: Brazil occupies the fifth position in the ranking of the highest mortality rates due to RTI in the world. With the objective of promoting traffic safety and consequently reducing deaths, Brazil created the Life in Traffic Project (LTP). The main goal of LTP is reducing 50% of RTI deaths, by promoting interventions to tackle risk factors, such as driving under the influence of alcohol and excessive and/or inappropriate speed. Thus, the aim of this study was to estimate the magnitude of risky and protective factors for RTI in capitals participating in the LTP in Brazil. We estimated these factors according to sociodemographic (age group, sex, education, race and, type of road user). METHODS: A total of 5,922 car drivers and motorcyclists from 14 Brazilian capitals participating in the LTP were interviewed. Data collection was carried out in sobriety checkpoints at night and consisted of the administration of an interview and a breathalyzer test. Risky and protective behaviors associated with RTI were investigated. Covariates of the study were: age, sex, education, race and, type of road user. Poisson multiple regression analysis was used to assess the relationship between variables of interest. RESULTS: The prevalence of individuals with positive blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was 6.3% and who reported driving after drinking alcohol in the last 30 days was 9.1%. The others risky behaviors reported were: driving at excessive speed on roads of 50 km/h, using a cell phone for calls while driving, using a cell phone to send or read calls while driving, running a red light. Use of seatbelts and helmets showed prevalence above 96,0% Use of seatbelts showed prevalence of 98.6% among car drivers, and helmet use was described by 96.6% of motorcycle drivers. Most risky behaviors were more prevalent in younger age groups (except BAC measurement higher in older participants), in males (except for cell phone use), in participants with higher education level and without a driver's license. CONCLUSION: Excessive speed and driving under the influence of alcohol, defined as priorities within the LTP, need more consistent interventions, as they still have considerable prevalence in the cities investigated. The factors described such as cell phone usage and passing red traffic lights should also need to be prioritized as a focus on promoting traffic safety.

Road traffic injuries and deaths and the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals in Brazil: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990 to 2019.

INTRODUCTION: Brazil ranks 5th in the number of deaths due to road injuries. This study aimed to analyze mortality and disabilities resulting from road injuries in Brazil, and to assess the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target of reducing deaths due to road injuries by 50% by 2030. METHODS: This descriptive and exploratory study used the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019: indicators of mortality, premature deaths, and disabilities according to sex, age group, and type of transport for 1990, 2015, and 2019. Time trends in mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 were assessed, and a projection for 2030 was calculated, applying a linear regression model. RESULTS: Deaths due to road injuries were 44,236 in 1990, and 44,529 in 2019, representing a 43% reduction in mortality rates. The highest rates were in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions of Brazil, in males and young adults. A 77% reduction was observed in mortality rates for pedestrians and an increase of 53% for motorcyclists and of 54% for cyclists during the period. In terms of motorcycle road injuries, the mortality rate for men increased from 7.3/100,000 (1990) to 11.7/100,000 inhabitants (2019). The rates of premature deaths and disabilities were also higher for men when compared to women. Amputations, fractures, spinal cord injuries, and head trauma were the main types of road injuries. The projections for 2030 show that Brazil might not reach the SDG target. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the decline in mortality rates, the 2030 Agenda's target might not be achieved.

Global Cardiovascular Risk Estimation and associated factors in the adult population. Senador Canedo, Goiás / Estimativa do Risco Global Cardiovascular e fatores associados na população adulta. Senador Canedo, Goiás

Background: Among chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs), Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) are the main causes of premature mortality globally. The comprehensive care model focused on these diseases, presents as one of its components, the global cardiovascular risk screening (CVR).Objectives: To estimate cvR stratified by sociodemographic variables, as well as factors associated with moderate/high risk, in the adult population living in the municipality of Senador Canedo, metropolitan region of the state of Goiás, Midwest region of Brazil.Methods: The study was conducted through a household survey, through the application of a questionnaire with questions related to lifestyle and data collection such as weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure, glycated hemoglobin and cholesterol dosage of 526 participants. Bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed using the Poisson regression model to analyze the factors associated with CVR according to the model proposed by the Framingham study.Results: The prevalence of High CVR was 12.2% (95%CI:9.5 - 15.5) and moderate CVR was 13.3% (95%CI:10.5 -16.8). The factors associated with high/moderate CVR were individuals without incomplete education or elementary (RPaj: 6.2; 95% CI: 1.3 - 29.7), insufficiently active (RPaj: 3.1; 95% CI: 1.8-5.0), and self-assessment of regular health status (RPaj: 1.8; 95% CI: 1.1-3.2).Conclusion: The present study allowed verifying the magnitude of CVR and the factors associated with high risk, consisting of an important instrument to guide the actions to prevent cardiovascular outcomes in the population attached to the family health strategy in the municipality of Senador Canedo.

Fundamentos: Dentre as Doenças Crônicas não Transmissíveis (DCNT), as Doenças Cardiovasculares (DCV) são as principais causas de mortalidade prematura globalmente. O modelo de atenção integral voltado para essas doenças, apresenta como um dos seus componentes, o rastreamento de risco global cardiovascular (RCV).Objetivos: Estimar o RCV estratificado por variáveis sociodemográficas, bem como fatores associados ao risco moderado/alto, na população adulta residente no município de Senador Canedo, região metropolitana da capital do estado de Goiás, Região Centro-Oeste do Brasil.Métodos: O estudo foi realizado por meio de um inquérito domiciliar, através da aplicação de questionário com perguntas relativas ao estilo de vida e coleta de dados como peso, altura, circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial, dosagem de hemoglobina glicada e de colesterol de 526 participantes. As análises bivariada e multivariada foram realizadas por meio do modelo de regressão de Poisson para analisar os fatores associados ao RCV segundo o modelo proposto pelo estudo de Framingham.Resultados: A prevalência do RCV Alto foi de 12,2% (IC95%:9,5 - 15,5) e do RCV Moderado foi 13,3% (IC95%:10,5 -16,8). Os fatores associados ao RCV Alto/moderado, foram: indivíduos sem instrução ou fundamental incompleto (RPaj: 6.2; IC 95%: 1.3 - 29.7), insuficientemente ativo (RPaj: 3.1; IC 95%: 1.8-5.0), e autoavaliação do estado de saúde regular (RPaj: 1.8; IC 95%: 1.1-3.2).Conclusão: O presente trabalho permitiu verificar a magnitude do RCV e os fatores associados ao alto risco, consistindo num importante instrumento para orientar as ações de prevenção de desfechos cardiovasculares na população adstrita a estratégia saúde da família no município de Senador Canedo.

Road traffic injuries and deaths and the achievement of UN Sustainable Development Goals in Brazil: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990 to 2019

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Brazil ranks 5th in the number of deaths due to road injuries. This study aimed to analyze mortality and disabilities resulting from road injuries in Brazil, and to assess the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) target of reducing deaths due to road injuries by 50% by 2030. METHODS: This descriptive and exploratory study used the estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2019: indicators of mortality, premature deaths, and disabilities according to sex, age group, and type of transport for 1990, 2015, and 2019. Time trends in mortality rates from 1990 to 2019 were assessed, and a projection for 2030 was calculated, applying a linear regression model. RESULTS: Deaths due to road injuries were 44,236 in 1990, and 44,529 in 2019, representing a 43% reduction in mortality rates. The highest rates were in the North, Northeast, and Midwest regions of Brazil, in males and young adults. A 77% reduction was observed in mortality rates for pedestrians and an increase of 53% for motorcyclists and of 54% for cyclists during the period. In terms of motorcycle road injuries, the mortality rate for men increased from 7.3/100,000 (1990) to 11.7/100,000 inhabitants (2019). The rates of premature deaths and disabilities were also higher for men when compared to women. Amputations, fractures, spinal cord injuries, and head trauma were the main types of road injuries. The projections for 2030 show that Brazil might not reach the SDG target. CONCLUSIONS: Despite the decline in mortality rates, the 2030 Agenda's target might not be achieved.

Use of prehospital, hospitalization and presence of sequelae and/or disability in road traffic injury victims in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence and analyze the association between sociodemographic and behavioral variables with the use of prehospital care, hospitalization and sequelae and/or disability in victims of road traffic accidents victims in Brazil. METHODS: Data from the National Health Survey conducted in 2013 in Brazil were used. Data were collected through a direct household survey. The research sample consisted of 1,840 individuals who reported road traffic accidents in the previous 12 months. Poisson regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with the use of prehospital care services, hospitalization, and the presence of sequelae and/or disability. RESULTS: The prevalence of road traffic accidents victims who received prehospital care was 13.0% (95% Confidence Interval [95% CI]: 10.3-16.3) and the factors associated with this outcome were: residing in the Northeast or North region of Brazil; residing in rural areas; and being a motorcycle occupant at the moment of the road traffic accident. The frequency of hospitalization was 7.7% (95% CI: 6.0-10.0) and the associated factors were: age between 40 and 59 years; being a motorcycle occupant or pedestrian and having received on-site care at the moment of the road traffic accident. The prevalence of sequelae and/or disability was 15.1% (95% CI: 12.5-18.2) and the associated factors were: age range between 30 and 39 years or 40 and 59 years; being a motorcycle occupant, being a pedestrian or belonging to other category of modes of transport and having received on-site care at the moment of the road traffic accident. CONCLUSION: The study allowed to evaluate the factors associated with prehospital care, hospitalization and presence of sequelae and/or disability in the victims of road traffic accident and the results can guide the implementation of interventions that prioritize the population exposed to the highest risk of road traffic accident injuries and with less access to prehospital and hospital care services in Brazil.

Prevalence and factors associated with arterial hypertension in adults living in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil: a population-based study, 2016. / Prevalência e fatores associados à hipertensão arterial em adultos residentes em Senador Canedo, Goiás: estudo de base populacional, 2016.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in adults in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil, in 2016. METHODS: This was cross-sectional survey, with three-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was applied and weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were measured. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). RESULTS: Hypertension prevalence was 23.6% (95%CI - 19.3;28.6) among the 709 participants. The associated factors were: sedentarism (PR=1.7 - 95%CI% 1.1;2.5); enlarged waist circumference (PR=5.9 - 95%CI 3.6;9.6); hypercholesterolemia (PR=2.6 - 95%CI 1.3;5.2); and age ≥60 years (PR=2.9 - 95%CI 1.3;6.2). CONCLUSION: Hypertension prevalence was lower than that described for Brazil as a whole in 2013. Physical inactivity, accumulated abdominal fat and age were factors associated with hypertension.

Prevalência e fatores associados à hipertensão arterial em adultos residentes em Senador Canedo, Goiás: estudo de base populacional, 2016 / Prevalencia y factores asociados con la hipertensión arterial en adultos que viven en Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brasil: estudio de base poblacional, 2016 / Prevalence and factors associated with arterial hypertension in adults living in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil: a population-based study, 2016

Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência e fatores associados à hipertensão em adultos de Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brasil, no ano de 2016. Métodos: Inquérito transversal, de base populacional, com amostragem por conglomerados em três estágios. Foi aplicado questionário e realizadas aferições de peso, altura, circunferência da cintura, pressão arterial e dosagem do colesterol total. Empregou-se regressão de Poisson para estimar razões de prevalências (RP) e intervalos de confiança de 95% (IC95%). Resultados: Nos 709 participantes, a prevalência de hipertensão foi de 23,6% (IC95% 19,3;28,6). Os fatores associados foram: inativos no lazer (RP=1,7 - IC95% 1,1;2,5); circunferência de cintura aumentada (RP=5,9 - IC95% 3,6;9,6); hipercolesterolemia (RP=2,6 - IC95% 1,3;5,2); e idade ≥60 anos (RP=2,9 - IC95% 1,3;6,2). Conclusão: A prevalência de hipertensão foi inferior à descrita para o Brasil em 2013. Inatividade física, acúmulo de gordura abdominal e idade foram fatores associados à hipertensão.

Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia y los factores asociados con la hipertensión en adultos de Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brasil, en el año 2016. Métodos: Encuesta con muestreo por conglomerados en tres etapas. Se aplicó cuestionario y evaluaron medidas de peso, altura, circunferencia de cintura, presión arterial y colesterol total. La regresión de Poisson se usó para estimar las razones de prevalencia (RP) y los intervalos de confianza del 95% (IC95%). Resultados: EEntre los 709 participantes, la prevalencia de hipertensión fue del 23,6% (IC95% 19,3; 28,6). Los factores asociados fueron: inactivo en el tiempo libre (RP=1,6 - IC95% 1,1; 2,5); aumento de la circunferencia de la cintura (RP=1,7 - IC95% 1,1;2,5); hipercolesterolemia (RP=5,9 - IC95% 3,6;9,6); y edad ≥60 años (RP=2,9 - IC95% 1,3;6,2). Conclusión: La prevalencia de hipertensión fue menor que la descrita para Brasil en 2013. La inactividad física, la acumulación de grasa abdominal y la edad fueron factores asociados con la hipertensión.

Objective: To estimate prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in adults in Senador Canedo, Goiás, Brazil, in 2016. Methods: This was cross-sectional survey, with three-stage cluster sampling. A questionnaire was applied and weight, height, waist circumference, blood pressure and total cholesterol levels were measured. Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI). Results: A prevalência de hipertensão foi de 23,6% (IC95% - 19,3;28,6) entre os 709 participantes. Os fatores associados foram: sedentarismo (RP=1,7 - IC95% 1,1;2,5); circunferência da cintura aumentada (RP=5,9 - IC 95% 3,6;9,6); hipercolesterolemia (RP=2,6 - IC 95% 1,3;5,2); e idade ≥60 anos (RP=2,9 - IC95% 1,3;6,2). Conclusion: Hypertension prevalence was lower than that described for Brazil as a whole in 2013. Physical inactivity, accumulated abdominal fat and age were factors associated with hypertension.

Magnitude and determinants of neonatal and postneonatal mortality in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil: a retrospective cohort study, 2012. / Magnitude e determinantes da mortalidade neonatal e pós-neonatal em Goiânia, Goiás: um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, 2012.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate magnitude and determinants of neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in Goiânia, Brazil, 2012. METHODS: This was a retrospective cohort study based on data linkage of the Live Birth Information System and the Mortality Information System. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with neonatal and postneonatal death. RESULTS: Neonatal mortality (0-27 days of life) was 9.4 deaths per 1,000 live births; while postneonatal mortality (28-364 days of life) was 3.0 deaths per 1,000 live births. Neonatal mortality associated factors were: 0-3 prenatal care visits (OR=13.10 - 95%CI 7.48;22.96), 19-34-week pregnancy (OR=6.25 - 95%CI 2.26;17.29), birth weight <1,500g (OR=62.42 - 95%CI 22.72;171.48) and cesarean delivery (OR=0.54 - 95%CI 0.37;0.79). Postneonatal mortality associated factors were: 0-3 prenatal care visits (OR=4.16 - 95%CI 1.51;11.43) and birth weight <1.500g (OR=18.74 - 95%CI 4.04;87.00). CONCLUSION: A low number of prenatal care visits, premature childbirth and low birth weight were the main risk factors for neonatal and postneonatal mortality.

Mortality by road traffic injuries in Brazil (2000-2016): capital cities versus non-capital cities.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the magnitude and trend of mortality by road traffic injuries (RTI) in the capitals and other municipalities of each Brazilian state between 2000 and 2016. METHODS: A time series analysis of mortality rates by RTI standardized by age was performed, comparing the capitals and the cluster of non-capital municipalities in each state. Data on deaths were obtained from the Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System). RTI deaths were considered to be those, whose root cause was designated by ICD-10 codes V01 to V89, with redistribution of garbage codes. To estimate mortality rates, we used the population projections of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) from 2000 to 2015 and the population estimated by polynomial interpolation for 2016. The trend analysis was performed using the Prais-Winsten method, using the Stata 14.0 program. RESULTS: There were 601,760 deaths due to RTI in the period (114,483 of residents in capital cities). Mortality by RTI did not present an increasing trend in any of the Capitals in the period under study. Among non-capital municipalities, the trend was growing in 14 states. The greatest increase was observed in Piaui (AIR = 7.50%; 95%CI 5.50 - 9.60). There was a decreasing trend in RTI mortality in 14 capitals, among which Curitiba showed the greatest decrease (AIR = -4.82%; 95%CI -6.61 - -2.92). Only São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul showed a decreasing trend in mortality by RTI in non-capital cities (AIR = 2.32%; 95%CI -3.32 - -1.3 and AIR = 1.2%, 95%CI -2.41 - 0.00, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that RTI mortality rates in non-capital cities in Brazil showed alarming trends when compared with those observed in capital cities. The development of effective traffic safety actions is almost always limited to Brazilian capitals and large cities. Municipalities with higher risk should be prioritized to strengthen public policies for prevention and control.

Performance of family health teams for tackling chronic diseases in a state of the Amazon.

The most common cause of death worldwide is noncommunicable diseases. A cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the adequacy of the work process among family health teams and compare differences in regional adequacy in the state of Tocantins, in the Amazonian Region, Brazil. Categorical principal components analysis was used, and scores of each principal component extracted in the analysis were compared among health regions in Tocantins. A post hoc analysis was performed to compare the heath region pairs. The adequacy of family health teams' work process was evaluated with respect to the Strategic Action Plan to Tackle NCDs. The results showed that the family health teams performed actions according to the Strategic Action Plan to Tackle NCDs. However, overall, the adequacy percentages of these actions according to the axes of the Plan are very uneven in Tocantins, with large variations among health regions. The family health teams in the Bico do Papagaio (Region 1), Médio Norte Araguaia (Region 2), Cantão (Region 4) and Capim Dourado (Region 5) regions have adequacy percentages ≥ 50% with the Strategic Action Plan to Tackle NCDs, whereas all other regions have percentages <50%. Health teams perform surveillance actions, health promotion, and comprehensive care for NCDs in accordance with the guidelines of the Strategic Action Plan to Tackle NCDs. The challenge of NCDs in primary care requires a care model that is tailored to users' needs and has the power to reduce premature mortality and its determinants.

Addressing chronic noncommunicable diseases in primary health care in Goiás, Brazil: a descriptive study, 2012 and 2014. / Enfrentamento das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis na atenção primária à saúde em Goiás: estudo descritivo, 2012 e 2014.

OBJECTIVE: To compare primary health care (PHC) actions taken to care for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in the state of Goiás, Brazil, between 2012 and 2014. METHODS: This was a descriptive study using secondary data from the National Program for Improving Primary Care Access and Quality (PMAQ-AB). The proportions of teams performing actions to address NCDs were compared between PMAQ-AB cycles I and II using the McNemar test for paired samples. RESULTS: Seventeen of the 20 variables studied showed a proportional increase between the two cycles: from 16.0% to 32.1% of teams that practiced all care management actions, from 21.5% to 35.2% of those that practiced all health promotion actions and from 22.2% to 39.8% of teams that practiced all activities at school. CONCLUSION: PHC actions to address NCDs in Goiás were strengthened between the two PMAQ-AB cycles.

Prevalence and Factors Associated with Driving Under the Influence of Alcohol in Brazil: An Analysis by Macroregion.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with driving under the influence of alcohol (DUIA) in Brazil, according to macroregion. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from individuals aged 18 years or older who participated in the 2013 National Health Survey in Brazil. Subjects were selected by probabilistic sampling and interviewed through home visits. Prevalence of DUIA was estimated according to the number of drivers and/or motorcyclists who reported consuming alcohol in the previous 30 days (n = 9537). Poisson regression was used to analyze the factors associated with DUIA to Brazil and in each macroregion of the country. RESULTS: The prevalence of DUIA was 27.5%, 29.4%, 29.6%, 22.9%, and 20.8% in the North, Northeast, Central-West, South, and Southeast macroregions, respectively. The overall prevalence of Brazil was 24.3%. In most macroregions, the main predictors of DUIA were male sex, high educational level, living in outside the capital or metropolitan regions (other regions), and binge drinking in the previous 30 days. Depression was a predictor in Brazil and two macroregions. CONCLUSION: A high prevalence of DUIA was observed in Brazil, especially in the Central-West, Northeast and, North macro-regions. Factors associated with DUIA can be incorporated to develop effective interventions to reduce this behavior in Brazil.

Mortality by road traffic injuries in Brazil (2000-2016): capital cities versus non-capital cities / Mortalidade por acidentes de trânsito no Brasil (2000-2016): capitais versus não capitais

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVES: To compare the magnitude and trend of mortality by road traffic injuries (RTI) in the capitals and other municipalities of each Brazilian state between 2000 and 2016. METHODS: A time series analysis of mortality rates by RTI standardized by age was performed, comparing the capitals and the cluster of non-capital municipalities in each state. Data on deaths were obtained from the Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade (SIM - Mortality Information System). RTI deaths were considered to be those, whose root cause was designated by ICD-10 codes V01 to V89, with redistribution of garbage codes. To estimate mortality rates, we used the population projections of the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE) from 2000 to 2015 and the population estimated by polynomial interpolation for 2016. The trend analysis was performed using the Prais-Winsten method, using the Stata 14.0 program. RESULTS: There were 601,760 deaths due to RTI in the period (114,483 of residents in capital cities). Mortality by RTI did not present an increasing trend in any of the Capitals in the period under study. Among non-capital municipalities, the trend was growing in 14 states. The greatest increase was observed in Piaui (AIR = 7.50%; 95%CI 5.50 - 9.60). There was a decreasing trend in RTI mortality in 14 capitals, among which Curitiba showed the greatest decrease (AIR = −4.82%; 95%CI −6.61 - −2.92). Only São Paulo and Rio Grande do Sul showed a decreasing trend in mortality by RTI in non-capital cities (AIR = 2.32%; 95%CI −3.32 - −1.3 and AIR = 1.2%, 95%CI −2.41 - 0.00, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that RTI mortality rates in non-capital cities in Brazil showed alarming trends when compared with those observed in capital cities. The development of effective traffic safety actions is almost always limited to Brazilian capitals and large cities. Municipalities with higher risk should be prioritized to strengthen public policies for prevention and control.

RESUMO OBJETIVO: Comparar a magnitude e tendência da mortalidade por acidentes de transporte terrestre (ATT) nas capitais e demais municípios de cada estado brasileiro nos anos de 2000 a 2016. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada análise de séries temporais das taxas de mortalidade por ATT padronizadas por idade, comparando as capitais e o aglomerado de municípios não capitais em cada estado. Os dados sobre óbitos foram obtidos do Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Foram considerados como óbitos por ATT aqueles cuja causa básica tenha sido designada pelos códigos V01 a V89 do CID-10, com redistribuição dos garbage codes. Para o cálculo das taxas de mortalidade, foram utilizadas as projeções populacionais do Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística de 2000 a 2015 e a população calculada por interpolação polinomial para 2016. A análise de tendências foi realizada pelo método de Prais-Winsten, utilizando o programa Stata 14.0. RESULTADOS: Ocorreram 601.760 óbitos por ATT no período (114.483 de residentes em capitais). A mortalidade por ATT não apresentou tendência crescente em nenhuma das capitais no período em estudo. Já entre os municípios não capitais, a tendência foi crescente em 14 estados. O maior aumento foi observado no Piauí (TIA = 7,50%; IC95% 5,50 - 9,60). Ocorreu tendência decrescente da mortalidade por ATT em 14 capitais, dentre as quais Curitiba apresentou maior decréscimo (TIA = −4,82%; IC95% −6,61 - −2,92). Apenas São Paulo e Rio Grande do Sul apresentaram tendência decrescente da mortalidade por ATT nos municípios não capitais (TIA = 2,32%; IC95% −3,32 - −1.3 e TIA = 1,2%, IC95% −2,41 - 0,00, respectivamente). CONCLUSÕES: É possível concluir que as taxas de mortalidade por ATT em municípios não capitais no Brasil apresentaram tendência alarmantes quando comparadas às observadas nas capitais. O desenvolvimento de ações eficazes de segurança no trânsito está quase sempre limitado às capitais e grandes cidades brasileiras. Os municípios com maior risco devem ser priorizados para o fortalecimento das políticas públicas de prevenção e controle.

Magnitude e determinantes da mortalidade neonatal e pós-neonatal em Goiânia, Goiás: um estudo de coorte retrospectivo, 2012 / Magnitud y determinantes de la mortalidad neonatal y posneonatal en Goiânia, Goiás, Brasil: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, 2012 / Magnitude and determinants of neonatal and postneonatal mortality in Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil: a retrospective cohort study, 2012

Objetivo: Estimar a magnitude e determinantes da mortalidade infantil neonatal e pós-neonatal em Goiânia, Brasil, em 2012. Métodos: Estudo de coorte retrospectiva, utilizando relacionamento entre o Sistema de Informações sobre Nascidos Vivos e o Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade. Aplicou-se regressão logística para avaliar os fatores associados ao óbito neonatal e pós-neonatal. Resultados: A mortalidade neonatal (0-27 dias de vida) foi de 9,4; e a pós-neonatal (28-364 dias de vida), de 3,0 óbitos/1 mil nascidos vivos. Os fatores associados à mortalidade neonatal foram: 0-3 consultas de pré-natal (OR=13,10 - IC95% 7,48;22,96); gestações de 19-34 semanas (OR=6,25 - IC95% 2,26;17,29); peso ao nascer <1.500g (OR=62,42 - IC95%22,72;171,48); e parto cesáreo (OR=0,54 - IC95% 0,37;0,79). Associaram-se à mortalidade no período pós-neonatal: 0-3 consultas de pré-natal (OR=4,16 - IC95% 1,51;11,43); e peso ao nascer <1.500g (OR=18,74 - IC95% 4,04;87,00). Conclusão: Baixo número de consultas, prematuridade e baixo peso foram os principais fatores de risco da mortalidade neonatal e pós-neonatal.

Objetivo: Estimar la magnitud y determinantes de mortalidad neonatal y posneonatal en Goiânia, Brasil, en 2012. Métodos: Estudio de cohorte retrospectiva, utilizando enlace entre el Sistema de Información sobre Nacidos Vivos y el Sistema de Información de Mortalidad. Se aplicó la regresión logística para evaluar los factores asociados al desenlace de óbito neonatal y posneonatal. Resultados: La mortalidad neonatal (0-27 días de vida) fue de 9,4; y la posneonatal (28-364 días de vida) fue de 3,0 óbitos/1000 nacidos vivos. Los factores asociados a la mortalidad neonatal fueron: 0-3 consultas prenatales (OR=13,10 - IC95% 7,48; 22,96), gestación de 19-34 semanas (OR=6,25 - IC95% 2,26;17,29), peso al nacimiento <1.500g (OR=62,42 - IC95% 22,72;171,48), parto por cesárea (OR=0,54; IC95% 0,37;0,79). En el período posneonatal se asociaron a la mortalidad: 0-3 visitas prenatales (OR=4,16 - IC95% 1,51;11,43), peso al nacer <1.500g (OR=18,74 - IC95% 4,04;87,00). Conclusión: Bajo número de consultas, prematuridad y bajo peso fueron los principales factores associados a la mortalidad neonatal y posneonatal.

Objective: To estimate magnitude and determinants of neonatal and postneonatal mortality rates in Goiânia, Brazil, 2012. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study based on data linkage of the Live Birth Information System and the Mortality Information System. Logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with neonatal and postneonatal death. Results: Neonatal mortality (0-27 days of life) was 9.4 deaths per 1,000 live births; while postneonatal mortality (28-364 days of life) was 3.0 deaths per 1,000 live births. Neonatal mortality associated factors were: 0-3 prenatal care visits (OR=13.10 - 95%CI 7.48;22.96), 19-34-week pregnancy (OR=6.25 - 95%CI 2.26;17.29), birth weight <1,500g (OR=62.42 - 95%CI 22.72;171.48) and cesarean delivery (OR=0.54 - 95%CI 0.37;0.79). Postneonatal mortality associated factors were: 0-3 prenatal care visits (OR=4.16 - 95%CI 1.51;11.43) and birth weight <1.500g (OR=18.74 - 95%CI 4.04;87.00). Conclusion: A low number of prenatal care visits, premature childbirth and low birth weight were the main risk factors for neonatal and postneonatal mortality.