ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the cost-effectiveness of an intervention based on a training course for community pharmacists and a smoking cessation service (CESAR©), using limited societal and the health provider perspectives. METHODS: Non-randomized controlled trial of 12-months' follow-up. Spanish community pharmacists who were previously trained with CESAR© formed the intervention group (n = 102), and control group delivered usual care (n = 80). CESAR Patients were smokers identified by the community pharmacists when they attended the pharmacy. Data were self-reported. Outcomes were smoking cessation and quality-of-life (EQ-5D-3L) and were collected at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Costs data included direct health costs, work loss, and intervention costs. Smoking cessation was analyzed through logistic regression models. Generalized linear models were carried out for quality-adjusted life year (QALY) and costs. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) and cost-utility ratio (ICUR) were calculated. RESULTS: In total, 800 smoking patients were included in the intervention group and 278 in the control group. Of these, 487 and 151 patients completed the study, respectively. Costs were lower in the intervention group compared to the control group in both perspectives. At 12 months, 54.3% and 37.1% patients from the intervention and the control groups reported smoking cessation, respectively. The difference in probability of cessation in the intervention compared to the control group was 17.6% (CI:0.05; 0.25). The mean QALY was higher in the intervention group [0.03(CI: 0.01; 0.07)]. The ICER and the ICUR were dominant for the intervention group. CONCLUSION: This intervention for smoking cessation showed that the CESAR© intervention, that combined a training for community pharmacists with a smoking cessation service was efficient for smoking cessation and QALY at 12 months' follow-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION: NCT05461066, retrospectively registered (July 15, 2022).
Subject(s)
Pharmacies , Smoking Cessation , Humans , Cost-Benefit Analysis , Follow-Up Studies , PharmacistsABSTRACT
Objetivo: establecer una colaboración entre farmacéuticos comunitarios y farmacéuticos de Atención Primaria a través de un estudio donde se recogen los motivos de consulta que la población realiza en las farmacias comunitarias. Diseño: Estudio descriptivo y prospectivo. Ámbito de estudio: farmacias comunitarias del término municipal de Sant Cugat del Vallès y el Centro de Atención Primaria de referencia (población = 69.000 habitantes). Período de estudio: 1 año natural (febrero 2004 hasta enero 2005). Variables estudiadas: sexo, edad, motivos y tipos de consulta. Resultados: al inicio del estudio, participaron 11 de las 15 farmacias comunitarias (73%), y al final del mismo quedaron 9 (60%). Se registraron n = 1.101 consultas. El 71,8% eran mujeres. El motivo de consulta más frecuente fue el de «solicitar consejo farmacéutico» en un 42,8% (IC 95%: 39,9% a 45,7%) de los casos. Las consultas más frecuentes, agrupadas por patologías, fueron las relacionadas con la patología respiratoria (18,3%; IC 95%: 16,0% a 20,5%), seguidas de las dermatológicas (13,2%; IC 95%: 11,2% a 15,2%) Se elaboraron dos protocolos de abordaje terapéutico para la tos y el resfriado común. Se consensuó el correcto procedimiento de la toma de la tensión arterial entre los farmacéuticos comunitarios y el equipo de atención primaria (AU)
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