Positive Impact of Professionalism on the Perception of Global Well-Being: A Study in Healthcare Professionals Starting Their First Working Experience in Peruvian Rural Areas.

Introduction: In Peru, recently graduated physicians and nurses who are willing to start working in the public healthcare system, first have to work in their newly acquired profession in the programme denominated "Servicio Rural Urbano y Marginal de Salud" (SERUMS). The SERUMS programme is a 1-year contract in rural areas of the country. The aim of this study was to confirm the following hypothesis: the development of abilities associated to professionalism has a positive effect on the perception of global well-being in the professionals beginning SERUMS. Material and methods: In the study two cohorts of medical and nursing professionals that started SERUMS in 2017 and 2019 were included. The perception of global well-being and general health condition were measured with the Scale of Life Satisfaction (SWLS) and the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), respectively. Professionalism was measured using Jefferson's scales of empathy (JSE), teamwork (JSAPNC), and lifelong learning (JeffSPLL). An analysis in phases using the R language was applied to develop a multiple regression model that would explain the lineal relationship between the global perception of well-being and the studied variables. Results: The study sample included 303 professionals (108 men and 195 women) with a mean age of 26 years, ranging from 22 to 39 years (SD = 4). Based on their profession, 230 were medical doctors and 67 were nurses. The multiple regression model evidenced that age (p < 0.001), social dysfunction (p < 0.001), severe depression (p < 0.001), and inter-professional collaborative work abilities (p < 0.001) explain 38% of the variability in the global perception of well-being. Moreover, a second model explained 44% of the variability in the inter-professional collaborative work abilities based on a lineal relationship with empathy (p < 0.001), lifelong learning (p < 0.001), and future professional orientation (p = 0.01). Both models complied with the necessary conditions for statistic inference and showed large effect sizes. Conclusions: These findings confirm that professionalism has an important role in improving the global well-being of the professionals initiating SERUMS. This influence is direct in the case of inter-professional collaborative work, whereas it is indirect in the case of empathy and lifelong learning.

Risk and protective factors of dissocial behavior in a probability sample.

The aims of this study were to know risk and protective factors for dissocial behavior keeping in mind that the self-report of dissocial behavior is biased by the impression management. A probability sample of adolescents that lived in two neighborhoods with high indexes of gangs and offenses (112 male and 86 women) was collected. The 27-item Dissocial Behavior Scale (ECODI27; Pacheco & Moral, 2010), Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, version 6 (BIDR-6; Paulhus, 1991), Sensation Seeking Scale, form V (SSS-V; Zuckerman, Eysenck, & Eysenck, 1978), Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale (PACS; Barnes & Olson, 1982), 30-item Rathus Assertiveness Schedule (RAS; Rathus, 1973), Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; Davis, 1983) and a social relationship questionnaire (SRQ) were applied. Binary logistic regression was used for the data analysis. A third of the participants showed dissocial behavior. Belonging to a gang in the school (schooled adolescents) or to a gang out of school and job (total sample) and desinhibition were risk factors; being woman, perspective taking and open communication with the father were protective factors. School-leaving was a differential aspect. We insisted on the need of intervention on these variables.

Modelos predictivos de conducta disocial por sexos en dos colonias populares / Predictive models of dissocial behavior by sexes in two low socioeconomic status neighborhoods

Introduction Although the characteristics of the adolescent stage favor the emergence of disruptive behaviors, not all adolescents engage in them in equal degree. For the majority of adolescents, the problematic behaviors are limited to an experimentation period and are temporary. However, for some individuals, the first contacts with the disruptive behavior progress to more severe antisocial behavior patterns. The progression of the dissocial behavior from the childhood to the adolescence seems related to a difficult temperament, hyperactivity, aggressiveness, improper relationships with peers, precocious sexuality, poor parent-adolescent communication, arrests by delinquency and repetition. Traditionally, the dissocial behavior has been associated with low socioeconomic status, lack of public services, unemployment, marginalization and schools with unsuitable educational programs. However, current conceptualizations view this problem as much more complex. In communities that have covered the basic needs, even in those that possess a good quality of life, we can find children and adolescents with dissocial behavior that thereinafter become adults with antisocial personality. Therefore, during the last decades, research has displaced its attention from the structural variables to community (lack of attachment with the vicinity, social mobility, and population density), family (bonding, communication, supervision) and personal processes, favoring a biopsychosocial perspective to this problem. The aim of the present study was to develop a predictive model of dissocial behavior (as defined by the 27-item Dissocial Behavior Scale, ECODI27) based on the following predictor variables: a) Parent communication (Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, PACS), b) Empathy (Interpersonal Relationship Index, IRI), c) Assertiveness (Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, RAS), d) Sensation seeking (Sensation Seeking Scale - Form V, SSS-V) and e) Risk socialization (Social Relationship Questionnaire, SRQ, created for this study) controlling for the impression management effect (Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding-version 6, BIDR-6). Method A probability sample of adolescents, 14 to 17 years of age, living in two neighborhoods with high indexes of gangs and offenses was collected. Males were 112 and women 86, without statistical difference of frequencies (X² [1, N=196]=3.41, p=.06). All participants resided in San Nicolas de los Garza, Nuevo Leon, Mexico. Pearson's product-moment correlation, partial correlation and stepwise linear regression were used for data analysis. Results There was a significant difference in dissocial behavior cases between male and female adolescents (x² [1, N=194] = 14.75, p<.00), with Yates' correction: (X² [1, N=194] = 12.59, p<.01). The percentage of cases is 18% in women and 45% in men. The total score of the 27-item Dissocial Behavior Scale (ECODI27) presented significant correlation with social desirability (.47 in men and .44 in women) and its factor of impression management (.53 in men and .47 in women). The self-deception factor was independent in men (r=.18, p=.06), but not in women (r=.26, p=.02). Higher dissocial behavior features were associated with lower scores on social desirability and its factors. The effect of the impression management factor had to be controlled for its statistical significance in men and women. Of the 18 variables of the social relationships questionnaire (SRQ) by the point-biserial correlation coefficient (dichotomic variables) and Pearson's product-moment correlation (ordinal and numerical variables), only four were significantly correlated to the ECODI27 total score: to belong (1) or not (2) to a gang outside of the school and job (n=193, r pb,= .45, p<.01) and in the school (n=133, r pb,= .35, p<.01), to have 1) or not 2) a friend group outside of the school and job (n=193, r pb=.20, p=.01), as well as to have 1) or not 2) a girlfriend or boyfriend in the school (n=131, r pb=.26, p=.02) and outside of the school and job (n=193, r pb=.18, p=.01). These correlations were positive, that is to say, acted as risk factors (lower score on ECODI27, more dissocial behavior). The variable of risk socialization was created with the sum of these five variables, giving more weight to the two variables of gangs by their higher correlations, so they are multiplied by two. The created variable has a range of 0 (not risk) to 7 (high risk). Of the 20 variables contemplated, nine presented significant correlation with dissocial behavior in men, after partializing the effect of the impression management: sensation seeking and its four factors (disinhibition, excitement seeking, emotion seeking and boredom susceptibility), risk socialization, total and open communication with the father and perspective taking. In women there were also nine significant variables: risk socialization, sensation seeking and its factors of disinhibition, boredom susceptibility and excitement seeking, total and open communication with the mother, total communication with the father and school grade. The regression models by sexes were calculated with the nine variables whose correlations with the ECODI27 total score resulted significant after partializing impression management. In men the calculation process ended in the fifth step. The model explained 49% of the variance of the ECODI27 total score and was significant (F [5, 106]=21.99, p<.01). Five variables integrated the model: disinhibition (β = -.32), risk socialization (β = -.28), open communication with the father (β = .27), excitement seeking (β = -.20) and perspective taking (β = .16). In women the calculation process ended in the third step. The model explained 40% of the variance of the criterion and was significant (F [3, 78] = 19.38, p<.01). Three variables integrated it: total communication with the mother (β=.33), risk socialization (β=-32) and sensation seeking (β=-.28). Conclusions The results of the present study can only be extrapolated to the population of the two studied neighborhoods and must be handled as generators of testable hypotheses in other similar populations. In addition, their self-report nature must be considered as an additional potential limitation. However, they indicate that the presence of dissocial behavior was high in the present sample, with an intermediate percentage (33%) between high school students (8.5%) and imprisoned offenders (50%). Risk socialization (engaging in gangs, friend group in the neighborhood and precocious sexuality), sensation seeking and little communication with the parent or tutor of the same sex than adolescent in men and women, as well as lack of perspective taking in men, were predictors of dissocial behavior. The sensation seeking was defined in the regression models by the SSS total score in women and by its factors of disinhibition and excitement seeking in men. These data make an attention call to the Council authorities of a propitiatory environment for dissocial behavior. From the obtained models, the intervention must be addressed to eradicate the phenomenon of the gangs; to encourage the internal control or planning and perspective taking in the pupils, through specific workshops within the school subjects of ethic or health care. They also call for the importance to work the open communication, above all with the parent or tutor of the same sex than the adolescent, through these workshops as well as during the meetings with the pupil's parents. Furthermore, to seek occupational-formative opportunities for those adolescents that have left the school seems critical, especially for those of 16-year-old or younger, considering the prohibition of working at that age.

Introducción Este trabajo tuvo como objetivos desarrollar un modelo predictivo de conducta disocial (definida por la Escala de Conducta Disocial de 27 reactivos, ECODI27) con base en las siguientes variables predictoras: a) Comunicación con los padres (Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, PACS), b) Empatia (Interpersonal Relationship Index, IRI), c) Asertividad (Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, RAS), d) Búsqueda de sensaciones (Sensation Seeking Scale, Form V, SSS-V) y e) Socialización de riesgo (Cuestionario de Relaciones Sociales, CRS, creado para este estudio), considerando el efecto del manejo de la impresión (Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding, version 6, BIDR-6) en las personas encuestadas. Método Se empleó una muestra probabilística de adolescentes de 14 a 17 años de edad que vivían en dos colonias con un alto índice depandillerismo y delitos (112 varones y 86 mujeres). Como técnicas estadísticas se emplearon correlación producto-momento de Pearson, correlación parcial y regresión lineal por el método de pasos progresivos. Resultados Se presentó una diferencia significativa en la frecuencia de casos de conducta disocial entre hombres y mujeres (x² [1, N=194] = 14.75, p<.01), con la corrección de Yates (x² [1, N=194] = 12.59, p<.01). El porcentaje de casos en mujeres fue de 18% (15 de 82) frente a 45% (50 de 112) en hombres. La puntuación total del ECODI27 presentó una correlación significativa con deseabilidad social (.47 en hombres y .44 en mujeres) y su factor de manejo de la impresión (.53 en hombres y .47 en mujeres). El autoengaño fue independiente en hombres (r=.18, p=.06), pero no en mujeres (r=.26, p=.02). Por su significación en ambas muestras, mayor magnitud e impacto (falseamiento deliberado), se consideró necesario controlar el efecto del factor de manejo de la impresión. De las 20 variables contempladas, nueve presentaron correlación significativa con conducta disocial tras parcializar manejo de la impresión en hombres: búsqueda de sensaciones y sus cuatro factores (desinhibición, búsqueda de excitación, búsqueda de emociones y susceptibilidad al aburrimiento), socialización de riesgo (implicación en pandillas, grupos de amigos en la colonia y sexualidad precoz), comunicación total y abierta con el padre y toma de perspectiva. En mujeres también fueron nueve las variables que se correlacionaron con la conducta disocial: socialización de riesgo, búsqueda de sensaciones y sus factores de desinhibición, susceptibilidad al aburrimiento y búsqueda de excitación, comunicación total y abierta con la madre, comunicación total con el padre y nivel de escolaridad. Socialización de riesgo, búsqueda de sensaciones y escasa comunicación con el padre o tutor del mismo sexo en hombres y mujeres, asi como déficit de toma de perspectiva en varones, predijeron conducta disocial; la búsqueda de sensaciones desde su puntuación total en mujeres y desde sus factores de desinhibición y búsqueda de excitaciones en hombres. Los modelos explicaron 49% de la varianza en hombres y 40% en mujeres. Conclusiones Los resultados del presente estudio sólo se pueden extrapolar a la población estudiada y deben utilizarse como generadores de hipótesis comprobables para otras poblaciones. Por otro lado, su naturaleza de autorreporte debe tenerse en cuenta como otra limitante potencial. Desde los modelos obtenidos, sin embargo, se puede sugerir que la intervención para reducir la conducta disocial en el medio estudiado debería centrarse en erradicar el fenómeno del pandillerismo; fomentar el control interno o planificación y toma de perspectiva en los escolares, trabajándose estos aspectos psicológicos en talleres específicos dentro de materias de ética o salud. Asimismo, parece necesario trabajar la comunicación abierta, sobre todo con el padre o tutor del mismo sexo que el adolescente, tanto en estos talleres como en las reuniones con los padres de alumnos, además de buscar salidas formativas para los adolescentes que han abandonado los estudios.

Complex permittivity measurements using cavity perturbation technique with substrate integrated waveguide cavities.

Cavity perturbation technique is widely used in the measurements of complex dielectric permittivity of materials due to its accuracy and ease of configuration. This paper presents the theoretical formulas for the evaluation of complex permittivity of materials using cavity perturbation technique with substrate integrated cavity resonators. With the proposed formulas, the use of various planar cavities is possible by taking into account the dielectric characteristics of the substrate in which the cavity is implemented. Simulations and measurements are performed on various dielectric samples to validate the proposed theory. The maximum deviation in the measured dielectric permittivity values is below 6% compared to the literature values. The implemented substrate integrated cavity is then analyzed in terms of sensitivity, showing a good performance.

La Nueva Constitución Política del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia y la autonomía universitaria. Caso: Universidad Mayor de San Andrés de La Paz

El trabajo tiene como fin contribuir a establecer y precisar cuál debería ser el rol de las universidades públicas autónomas en el marco de la Nueva Constitución Política del Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia, dado los actuales procesos de cambio económico, social y político que está encarando el gobierno de Evo Morales

Necesidades de estensión agrícola en sistemas de ganadería bovina doble propósito en el municipio Rosario de Perijá del estado Zulia Venezuela / Necessities og agricultural extension in systems of dual purpose bovine cattle raising in the Rosario of Perijá municipality Zulia state Venezuela

La finalidad de la presente investigación fue determinar necesidades de extensión agrícola, en sistemas ganaderos de docle propósito del Municipio Rosario de Perijá, estado Zulia, Venezuela, para diseñar futuros programas de extensión. A tal efecto se seleccionó una muestra estadísticamente representativa, siguiendo un muestreo aleatorio estratificado con afijación proporcional, considerando el tamaño del rebaño por finca desde 20 hasta 2000 unidades animales (UA) como criterio de selección, quedando la población objeto de estudio constituida por cinco estratos que corresponden a un total de 518 unidades de producción y una muestra de 43. Para la recolección de datos se realizaron observaciones de campo, entrevistas y encuestas, se obtuvo información relacionada con cada ítem y se analizaron aplicando el programa SAS. Las principales necesidades de extensión agrícola que se detectaron en los sistemas ganaderos del Municipio son: Recepción de apoyo institucional 9,1 por ciento, organización 20 por ciento, contaminación ambiental 30,2 por ciento, razón por la cual el Estado debe aborcarse a la búsqueda de soluciones para facilitar y resolver los problemas antes mencionados. Mediante un marco normativo, políticas y reglamentos adecuados, infraestructura educativa, de capacitación, de comunicación e información eficiente, y mediante estímulos específicos para fomentar alianzas estratégicas, empresas innovadoras, investigación y experimentación y para apoyar la formación e implementación de proyectos.

The purpose of the present investigation was to determine necessities of agricultural extension, in cattle systems of dual purpose of the Municipality Rosario of Perijá, Zulia State, Venezuela; to design futures extension programs. For that reason, a sample was selected statistically representative, following a random sampling stratified with proportional afijatión, whereas clause the size of the flock for property in Animal Unit (UA) between 20 and 2000 like selection criterion, being population object of study constituted by five layers that correspond to a total of 518 and one shows respectively of 43 units of production. For the data collection observations of field, interviews and survey were made, information related to each item was obtained and they were analyzed applying the statistical program SAS. The main necessities of agricultural extension that it affects the agrarian system of the Municipality are: institutional support receives it in 9.1%, organization 20%, environmental contamination 69.2%, technological criteria 33.2% and family participation 30.2%. Reason for which the State must be led the search of solutions to facilitate and to solve the problems before mentioned: by means of a normative frame, political and suitable regulations, educative infrastructure, of qualification, communication and efficient information, and by means of specific stimuli to foment strategic alliances, innovating companies, investigation and experimentation and to support the formation and implementation of projects.

[Transjugular liver biopsy: retrospective study performed on 71 patients]. / Biopsia hepática transgygular: estudio retrospectivo en 71 pacientes.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transjugular liver biopsy at the Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen National Hospital - EsSalud. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 71 transjugular biopsy cases were studied from January 2001 to July 2003 at the Radiology Department, using the Cook Quick Core transjugular biopsy needle. Data collected included the patient demographic data, transjugular biopsy indications, specimen quality, and complications. RESULTS: Transjugular biopsy indications included coagulopathy, ascites, and terminal chronic renal failure. Diagnostics efficacy was obtained in 92.96% of the cases, with 11.27% of minor complications. The mean number of portal triads was 6.7, the mean number of specimens was 26, and the mean length of the largest fragment was 13.5 mm. CONCLUSION: Transjugular liver biopsy is a safe and effective procedure with which adequate samples may be obtained from a large number of patients.