ABSTRACT
The basic management of hydrocephalus includes shunts to the peritoneum and atrium. However, there are particularly complex patients in whom it is necessary to look for atypical places for implanting the distal catheter. Since 2000, 1,325 shunts have been implanted in pediatric patients. Only 3 patients required a ventriculobiliary shunt. We report 3 cases: a 7-year-old boy with a surgically treated complex heart disease, a 16-month-old girl with hydrocephalus secondary to a brain tumor and multiple bacteremias secondary to an infection of the central venous reservoir, and a 4-year-old girl with nonreabsorptive hydrocephalus caused by intraventricular bleeding due to premature birth, necrotizing enterocolitis and shunt infections with abdominal pseudocysts, which caused multiple abdominal septations and, finally, a nonreabsorptive peritoneum. At present, cases 1 [45 months after ventriculobiliary shunt (VBS)] and 3 (27 months after VBS) are symptom free, while case 2 (14 months after VBS) died of infectious respiratory complications. The gold standard for the treatment of nonreabsorptive hydrocephalus is a ventriculoperitoneal shunt, the second option is a ventriculoatrial shunt, and the third option is uncertain. In our short experience, a ventriculo-gallbladder shunt is a good option when there is no abdominal hypertension.
Subject(s)
Biliary Tract Surgical Procedures/methods , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/adverse effects , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/methods , Biliary Tract , Child , Child, Preschool , Female , Humans , Infant , MaleABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Valvular dysfunction secondary to obstruction of proximal catheter is relatively frequent at emergency room. However non-infectius obstruction of distal catheter is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A 6-year-old boy with dysfunction shunt due to migration of the abdominal catheter into the right scrotum. The patient was operated urgently for peritoneum-vaginal processus closure. DISCUSSION: Permeability of the peritoneum-vaginal processus (until 60% of boys younger than one year) causes hydrocele in patients with ventricle-peritoneal shunt. However migration of the peritoneal cateter is very infrequent specially in patients older than one year. In the case of this event with increased intracraneal pressure levels and shunt malfunction, emergency closure of the duct should be a priority.
Subject(s)
Catheters, Indwelling , Foreign-Body Migration/etiology , Scrotum , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/instrumentation , Child , Equipment Failure , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
Introducción. La malfunción valvular por obstrucción del catéter proximal es un hecho relativamente frecuente en el servicio de urgencias de los grandes hospitales, pero la obstrucción distal de causa no infecciosa es excepcional. Caso clínico. Presentamos un varón de 6 años con malfunción valvular aguda, por migración del catéter distal al hemiescroto derecho. Para resolver el cuadro completamente se realizó un cierre del conducto peritoneo-vaginal de urgencia. Discusión. La permeabilidad del conducto peritoneo-vaginal (existente en hasta el 60% de los varones menores de 1 año) es la causante de los hidroceles en los pacientes portadores de una derivación ventrículo-peritoneal. Pero la migración del catéter es muy infrecuente, sobre todo en mayores de un año. Si este hecho conlleva el aumento de la presión intracraneal con disfunción valvular, el cierre de urgencia de dicho conducto debe ser prioritario.(AU)
Introduction. Valvular dysfunction secondary to obstruction of proximal catheter is relatively frequent at emergency room. However non-infectius obstruction of distal catheter is exceptional. Case report. A 6-year-old boy with dysfunction shunt due to migration of the abdominal catheter into the right scrotum. The patient was operated urgently for peritoneum-vaginal processus closure. Discussion. Permeability of the peritoneum-vaginal processus (until 60% of boys younger than one year) causes hydrocele in patients with ventricle-peritoneal shunt. However migration of the peritoneal cateter is very infrequent specially in patients older than one year. In the case of this event with increased intracraneal pressure levels and shunt malfunction, emergency closure of the duct should be a priority.(AU)
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Catheters, Indwelling , Foreign-Body Migration/etiology , Scrotum , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/instrumentation , Equipment FailureABSTRACT
Introducción. La malfunción valvular por obstrucción del catéter proximal es un hecho relativamente frecuente en el servicio de urgencias de los grandes hospitales, pero la obstrucción distal de causa no infecciosa es excepcional. Caso clínico. Presentamos un varón de 6 años con malfunción valvular aguda, por migración del catéter distal al hemiescroto derecho. Para resolver el cuadro completamente se realizó un cierre del conducto peritoneo-vaginal de urgencia. Discusión. La permeabilidad del conducto peritoneo-vaginal (existente en hasta el 60% de los varones menores de 1 año) es la causante de los hidroceles en los pacientes portadores de una derivación ventrículo-peritoneal. Pero la migración del catéter es muy infrecuente, sobre todo en mayores de un año. Si este hecho conlleva el aumento de la presión intracraneal con disfunción valvular, el cierre de urgencia de dicho conducto debe ser prioritario.
Introduction. Valvular dysfunction secondary to obstruction of proximal catheter is relatively frequent at emergency room. However non-infectius obstruction of distal catheter is exceptional. Case report. A 6-year-old boy with dysfunction shunt due to migration of the abdominal catheter into the right scrotum. The patient was operated urgently for peritoneum-vaginal processus closure. Discussion. Permeability of the peritoneum-vaginal processus (until 60% of boys younger than one year) causes hydrocele in patients with ventricle-peritoneal shunt. However migration of the peritoneal cateter is very infrequent specially in patients older than one year. In the case of this event with increased intracraneal pressure levels and shunt malfunction, emergency closure of the duct should be a priority.
Subject(s)
Child , Humans , Male , Catheters, Indwelling , Foreign-Body Migration/etiology , Scrotum , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/instrumentation , Equipment FailureABSTRACT
INTRODUCTION: Valvular dysfunction secondary to obstruction of proximal catheter is relatively frequent at emergency room. However non-infectius obstruction of distal catheter is exceptional. CASE REPORT: A 6-year-old boy with dysfunction shunt due to migration of the abdominal catheter into the right scrotum. The patient was operated urgently for peritoneum-vaginal processus closure. DISCUSSION: Permeability of the peritoneum-vaginal processus (until 60
of boys younger than one year) causes hydrocele in patients with ventricle-peritoneal shunt. However migration of the peritoneal cateter is very infrequent specially in patients older than one year. In the case of this event with increased intracraneal pressure levels and shunt malfunction, emergency closure of the duct should be a priority.
Subject(s)
Catheters, Indwelling , Foreign-Body Migration/etiology , Scrotum , Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt/instrumentation , Child , Equipment Failure , Humans , MaleABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: The rat is increasingly being used in laparoscopic research. Laparoscopic microsurgical training is critical in order to develop new surgical indications in pediatric patients. This report evaluates laparoscopic splenectomy and nephrectomy in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Wistar rat (weight between 250 and 400 g) was placed in the supine position. Inhaled 3% halothane anesthesia was administered. A Veress needle is inserted in the right-upper abdomen. After establishing a pneumoperitoneum of 3-4 mm Hg, a 2- or 5-mm trocar was placed, according to the procedure. A 2-mm 0-degree endoscope was used. Two additional 2- or 5-mm trocars were then placed. Laparoscopic splenectomy involved two-handed dissection, intracorporeal ligation, and the division of gastrosplenic attachments and hilar and short gastric vessels. Laparoscopic nephrectomy was done by intracorporeal ligation and division of the renal vessels and the ureter after mobilization of the kidney. RESULTS: Laparoscopic splenectomy was performed in 8 rats; laparoscopic nephrectomy was done in 4 rats. Operative time was 25-40 minutes for splenectomy and from 30 to 65 for nephrectomy. Postoperatively, 4 rats died from hemorrhage. No wound infections occurred at the port sites. CONCLUSIONS: Laparoscopic splenectomy and nephrectomy in an experimental rat model is technically feasible and may provide an excellent training model for pediatric minimally invasive surgery.
Subject(s)
Laparoscopy/methods , Animals , Nephrectomy/methods , Rats , Rats, Wistar , Splenectomy/methodsABSTRACT
Herniation of the liver into the fluid-filled pericardial sac resulting in a thoracic mass is a particularly rare form of Morgagni hernia (congenital diaphragmatic hernia of Morgagni). We report an early antenatal diagnosis of congenital diaphragmatic hernia of Morgagni with pericardium effussion at 21 weeks' gestation. Two pericardiocentesis were performed at 21 and 22 4/7 weeks' gestation because of recurrence of pericardial effussion. Regular ultrasound assessments showed progressive herniation of the liver to practically fill the right hemithorax. An ex utero intrapartum treatment procedure was performed at 37 weeks' gestation to rescue maximum intrathoracic space for ventilation of the remaining functional lung tissue and to establish an airway for postnatal support. After birth, the patient successfully underwent early correction of the hernia. Postoperative course was uneventful, and the newborn girl was discharged 18 days later without complications and is currently doing well.
