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1.
Planta Med ; 87(12-13): 1045-1060, 2021 Oct.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34530481

ABSTRACT

In the present study, the ethanolic extract from aerial parts of Ageratum fastigiatum was evaluated in vitro against epimastigote forms of Trypanosoma cruzi (Y strain), promastigote forms of Leishmania amazonensis (PH8 strain), and L. chagasi (BH400 strain). The extract was also evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25 923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 11 775), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10 145), and Candida albicans (ATCC 36 802). The phytochemical screening was performed by thin-layer chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography. The extract was fractionated using flash preparative chromatography. The ethanolic extract showed activity against T. cruzi, L. chagasi, and L. amazonensis and antimicrobial activity against S. aureus, E. coli, P. aeruginosa, and C. albicans. The phytochemical screening revealed coumarins, terpenes/sterols, and flavonoids in the ethanolic extract. In addition, the coumarin identified as ayapin was isolated from this extract. We also performed in silico prediction of potential biological activities and targets for compounds previously found in A. fastigiatum. Several predictions were confirmed both retrospectively and prospectively by experimental results described here or elsewhere. Some activities described in the in silico target fishing approach were validated by the ethnopharmacological use and known biological properties. Some new activities and/or targets were predicted and could guide future studies. These results suggest that A. fastigiatum can be an interesting source of substances with antiparasitic and antimicrobial activities.


Subject(s)
Ageratum , Computer Simulation , Escherichia coli , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Retrospective Studies , Staphylococcus aureus
2.
Eur J Pharm Sci ; 163: 105852, 2021 Aug 01.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33862240

ABSTRACT

Biodegradable polymeric nanofibers containing mometasone furoate can be a new approach to drug delivery to treat chronic rhinosinusitis, providing controlled steroid delivery to the sinonasal mucosa. This study aimed to develop biodegradable polymeric nanofibers and explore the safety of these fibers in an in vivo rabbit model. The nanofibers' development has been optimized using the Response Surface Methodology (RSM) obtained with Design of Experiments (DoE) with the best conditions related to the polymer concentration and proportion of solvents used in the electrospinning process. The nanofibers were prepared, operating as a determinant factor, the nanofiber formation and its diameter evaluated by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The ideal system obtained was assessed by SEM, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), assay, and drug delivery by UHLPC validated method. The results showed that the drug is dispersed in the polymeric matrix, is stable, and showed sustained release kinetics in a bio-relevant nasal environment (Higuchi model kinetics). In vivo tests, the level of inflammation at the animals' mucosa which received the nanofiber with the mometasone furoate was lower than those that received the nanofibers without the drug (α = 0.05). Histopathology analysis showed that the polymeric nanofibers containing mometasone are safe when topically applied on the sinonasal mucosa, opening a new horizon in chronic rhinosinusitis treatment.


Subject(s)
Nanofibers , Animals , Calorimetry, Differential Scanning , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning , Polymers , Rabbits , X-Ray Diffraction
3.
Nat Prod Res ; 35(10): 1727-1731, 2021 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31242771

ABSTRACT

Jaboticaba, Plinia cauliflora (Mart.) Kausel, is a Brazilian berry traditionally used in folk medicine as treatment for some health conditions. Phenolic compounds such as flavonoids and anthocyanins have previously been detected in the fruit. This current study aimed to evaluate the toxicological effects of jaboticaba peel extract (JPE) on Artemia salina, L929, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. Besides, JPE antioxidant, acetylcholinesterase, and antifungal activities, and elemental analysis CHNS were also tested. JPE had moderate toxicity (LD50 = 360.92 µg mL-1) on A. salina, non-toxic effect on L929 cell line, and decreased the viability of cancer cell line MDA at 1,000 µg mL-1 and 500 µg mL-1 concentrations. The antioxidant activity toward 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) performed IC50 = 37.45 ± 0.17 µg mL-1, whereas 45.7% of acetylcholinesterase activity was inhibited. By its elemental composition, JPE is an alternative food supplement and dermocosmetic component. Antifungal potential toward Candida strains was not observed.


Subject(s)
Biological Assay , Elements , Myrtaceae/chemistry , Organic Chemicals/analysis , Toxicity Tests , Animals , Antifungal Agents/pharmacology , Antioxidants/pharmacology , Brazil , Candida/drug effects , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Humans , Mice , Microbial Sensitivity Tests , Plant Extracts/pharmacology
4.
Planta Med ; 86(17): 1286-1297, 2020 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32797466

ABSTRACT

Rosmarinic acid, a plant-derived compound with antiangiogenic activity, can be applied for the treatment of ocular diseases related to neovascularization, such as diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and age-related macular degeneration. These diseases represent the leading causes of blindness worldwide if they are not properly treated. Intravitreal devices allow for localized drug delivery to the posterior segment, increasing the drug bioavailability and promoting extended release, thus, reducing side effects and enhancing the patient's compliance to the treatment. In this work, rosmarinic acid-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid intraocular implants were developed with a view for the treatment of ocular neovascularization. Physical-chemical, biocompatibility, and safety studies of the implants were carried out in vitro and in vivo as well as an evaluation of the antiangiogenic activity in a chorioallantoic membrane assay. Data obtained showed that rosmarinic acid released from the implants was quantified in the vitreous for 6 weeks, while when it was in the solution formulation, after 24 h, no drug was found in the vitreous. The delivery device did not show any sign of toxicity after clinical evaluation and in electroretinographic findings. Histological analysis showed normal eye tissue. Rosmarinic acid released from implants reduced 30% of new vessel's formation. The intravitreal implant successfully allowed for the prolonged release of rosmarinic acid, was safe to rabbits eyes, and demonstrated activity in vessel reduction, thus demonstrating potential in preventing neovascularization in ophthalmic diseases.


Subject(s)
Depsides , Vitreous Body , Animals , Cinnamates , Depsides/pharmacology , Humans , Intravitreal Injections , Polylactic Acid-Polyglycolic Acid Copolymer , Rabbits , Rosmarinic Acid
5.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 232: 155-164, 2019 Mar 25.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30580025

ABSTRACT

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that affects people all over the world. The number of cases of leishmaniasis is increasing and the drugs used for its treatment are toxic and not always effective. The recognition of the global nature of this disease and its direct or indirect effects on health economics and actions focuses attention on the development of new therapeutic options. In Brazil, this parasitic disease is endemic in many regions. The plants used by the population against leishmaniasis can be good starting points in the search of new lead compounds for antileishmanial drugs. AIM OF THE STUDY: The aim of the present study was to investigate the antileishmanial activity of extracts from leaves and stems of seven Brazilian plant species used by the population to treat leishmaniasis, and symptoms that might be related to Leishmania infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty two extracts from seven plants belonging to five different botanical families were prepared by different methods and evaluated for their effect on the viability of promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum (MHOM/BR/1967/BH46) using the resazurin-based colorimetric assay. The extracts were considered active when they inhibited the growth of promastigotes in a percentage greater than or equal to 50% at 100 and 200 µg/mL. The active samples were further investigated to determine IC50, CC50 and SI values against promastigote forms of L. infantum. The active and non-cytotoxic extracts (SI> 10) were evaluated against amastigote forms of L. infantum. In addition, the active extracts against the amastigote forms were analyzed by TLC and HPLC, while the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum was also evaluated by GC/MS. RESULTS: Among the twenty two extracts evaluated, two were considered active against L. infantum. The EtOH extract of leaves from Dyospiros hispida (IC50 55.48 ±â€¯2.77 µg/mL and IC50 80.63 ±â€¯13.17 µg/mL, respectively) and the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum (IC50 9.70 ±â€¯2.82 µg/mL and IC50 15.88 ±â€¯1.53 µg/mL, respectively) inhibited significantly the growth of promastigote and amastigote forms of L. infantum. Some extracts, although active in the initial screening, were considered toxic since the SI was lower than 10. In TLC and HPLC analysis the leaf extract of Dyospiros hispida showed the presence of anthraquinones, terpenes and saponins, and in the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum alkaloids and flavonoids were detected. In addition, in the latter extract the indole alkaloids uleine and dasycarpidone could be identified by GC/MS. CONCLUSIONS: The ethnopharmacological data of Aspidosperma tomentosum and Dyospiros hispida in part support the results found in the biological models used. Extracts of Aspidosperma tomentosum and Dyospiros hispida presented promising results against L. infantum.


Subject(s)
Antiprotozoal Agents/pharmacology , Leishmania infantum/drug effects , Magnoliopsida , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Animals , Antiprotozoal Agents/chemistry , Brazil , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Survival/drug effects , Leishmania infantum/growth & development , Magnoliopsida/chemistry , Mice , Phytochemicals/analysis , Phytochemicals/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/chemistry
6.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2014. XIX, 104 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-940877

ABSTRACT

Existe uma necessidade urgente de drogas leishmanicidas mais eficazes e/ou menos tóxicas para contribuir com o arsenal terapêutico atualmente disponível. O grupo de pesquisa de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais bioativos do CPqRR tem realizado projetos de bioprospecção de flora brasileira buscando por novos hits que possam ser utilzados no tratamento das leishmanioses. A espécie Baccharis platypoda (Asteraceae) foi uma espécie que mostrou atividade leishmanicida e que foi pouco investigada do ponto de vista químico e biológico. O estudo químico biomonitorado do extrato etanólico das folhas dessa espécie levou à obtenção de cinco frações com elevada toxicidade para formas amastigotas intracelulares de L. (L.) amazonensis e o fracionamento de uma dessas frações resultou no isolamento de um novo diterpenoclerodano, de baixa atividade, que após análise de RMN e ESI-TOF-MS/MS foi denominado platypodiol ou 1R,3R,4R,8aR)-3-(hidroximetil)-4-[(3E)-5-hidroxi-3-metilpent-3-en-1-il]-4,8,8a-trimetil-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahidronaftalen-1-ol. Em estágio sanduíche realizado na Universidade de Granada – Espanha os compostos fenólicos do extrato etanólico das folhasd de B. platypoda foram investigados porHPLC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS no modo negativo e 19 ácidos fenólicos, 10 flavonas, 5 flavonóis e 6 flavanonas foram identificados. Além disso, o potencial antioxidante do extrato foi avaliado em quatro ensaios, mostrando o potencial antioxidante daespécie. Esses resultados aumentaram o conhecimento fitoquímico sobre a espécie brasileira B. platypoda, considerando que ela foi até o momento pouco investigada cientificamente.


Subject(s)
Baccharis/chemistry , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy
7.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2014. XIX, 104 p.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-760540

ABSTRACT

Existe uma necessidade urgente de drogas leishmanicidas mais eficazes e/ou menos tóxicas para contribuir com o arsenal terapêutico atualmente disponível. O grupo de pesquisa de Química de Produtos Naturais Bioativos do Laboratório de Química de Produtos Naturais bioativos do CPqRR tem realizado projetos de bioprospecção de flora brasileira buscando por novos hits que possam ser utilzados no tratamento das leishmanioses. A espécie Baccharis platypoda (Asteraceae) foi uma espécie que mostrou atividade leishmanicida e que foi pouco investigada do ponto de vista químico e biológico. O estudo químico biomonitorado do extrato etanólico das folhas dessa espécie levou à obtenção de cinco frações com elevada toxicidade para formas amastigotas intracelulares de L. (L.) amazonensis e o fracionamento de uma dessas frações resultou no isolamento de um novo diterpenoclerodano, de baixa atividade, que após análise de RMN e ESI-TOF-MS/MS foi denominado platypodiol ou 1R,3R,4R,8aR)-3-(hidroximetil)-4-[(3E)-5-hidroxi-3-metilpent-3-en-1-il]-4,8,8a-trimetil-1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahidronaftalen-1-ol. Em estágio sanduíche realizado na Universidade de Granada – Espanha os compostos fenólicos do extrato etanólico das folhasd de B. platypoda foram investigados porHPLC–ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS no modo negativo e 19 ácidos fenólicos, 10 flavonas, 5 flavonóis e 6 flavanonas foram identificados. Além disso, o potencial antioxidante do extrato foi avaliado em quatro ensaios, mostrando o potencial antioxidante daespécie. Esses resultados aumentaram o conhecimento fitoquímico sobre a espécie brasileira B. platypoda, considerando que ela foi até o momento pouco investigada cientificamente...


Subject(s)
Baccharis/chemistry , Leishmania , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy
8.
J Ethnopharmacol ; 141(3): 975-81, 2012 Jun 14.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22469769

ABSTRACT

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Brazilian medicinal plants traditionally used for the treatment of diarrhoea were investigated for their in vitro antiviral activity against the simian rotavirus SA11. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The ethanolic crude extracts of plants collected in the cerrado of Minas Gerais, Brazil were submitted to phytochemical screening. The cytotoxicity of the extracts was inferred by cellular morphologic alterations. Antiviral activity was assessed by the ability of the extracts to inhibit the cytopathic effect (CPE) of rotavirus on the treated cells. RT-PCR was performed to confirm and/or confront antiviral assay data. RESULTS: The maximum non-toxic concentration ranged from 50 to 500 µg/mL. All extracts were toxic at a concentration of 5000 µg/mL but no extract showed cytotoxicity at 50 µg/mL. The species Byrsonima verbascifolia, Myracrodruon urundeuva, Eugenia dysenterica and Hymenaea courbaril exhibited the strongest in vitro activity against rotavirus. Their extracts prevented the formation of CPE, and RT-PCR analysis detected no amplification of genetic material from rotavirus. Tannins, flavonoids, saponins, coumarins and terpenes were the major classes of natural products found in the leaf extracts that showed antiviral activity. CONCLUSION: Among the species studied, Byrsonima verbascifolia, Eugenia dysenterica, Hymenaea courbaril and Myracrodruon urundeuva showed potential activity against rotavirus and are worthy of further study. The present study corroborates ethnopharmacological data as a valuable source in the selection of plants with antiviral activity and to some extent validates their traditional uses.


Subject(s)
Antidiarrheals/pharmacology , Antiviral Agents/pharmacology , Plant Extracts/pharmacology , Plants, Medicinal , Rotavirus/drug effects , Animals , Antidiarrheals/analysis , Antiviral Agents/analysis , Brazil , Cell Line , Macaca mulatta , Plant Extracts/analysis , Plant Leaves/chemistry
9.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2008. 164 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-664636

ABSTRACT

Duas espécies vegetais foram objeto de estudo para esta dissertação: Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (Pittosporaceae) e Piptadenia adiantoides (Spreng.) J.F. Macbr. (Fabaceae). Elas foram selecionadas a partir da triagem realizada durante um projeto multidisciplinar envolvendo o LQPN e grupos do IRR e da UFMG. Os extratos etanólicos dos frutos de P. undulatum e do caule de P. adiantoides demonstraram citotoxicidade para uma ou mais linhagens de células tumorais humanas (MCF-7, UACC-62 e TK-10). Da primeira foi obtida uma fração rica em saponinas que mostrou elevada atividade citotóxica, com CI50 (concentração capaz de inibir em 50% a proliferação celular) de 1,7 μg/mL, um valor menor do que o encontrado por Oliveira e colaboradores (2006) para a droga controle etoposídeo (12μg/mL). A fração rica em saponinas foi hidrolisada em meio ácido e o fracionamento da mistura reacional forneceu uma fração composta de duas sapogeninas triterpênicas. A análise dos dados de RMN de 1H e 13C e dos dados de IES-EM permitiram a elucidação da estrutura dessas sapogeninas como sendo o (3 Beta, 15 Alfa, 16 Alfa, 21 Beta, 22 Alfa)-21-(acetiloxi)-3, 15, 16, 28-tetraidroxiolean-12-en-22-il 2-metilbutanoato e o (3 Beta, 15 Alfa, 16 Alfa, 21 Beta, 22 Alfa)-21-(acetiloxi)-3,15,16,28-tetraidroxiolean-12-en-22-il 3-metillbut-2-enoato. Esta é a primeira vez que são descritas sapogeninas derivadas de R1-barrigenol esterificadas em C-21 e C-22 para a espécie P. undulatum.


Da segunda espécie vegetal, a fração dicloromêtanica (AFD), obtida por partição do extrato etanólico do caule, demonstrou atividade citostática para células MCF-7 inibindo em 100% a proliferação celular quando testada a 20 μg/mL. AFD foi fracionada empregando-se diversas técnicas cromatográficas resultando em frações ricas flavonóides que mostraram atividade citotóxica para as três linhagens de células tumorais. A fração MeOH:H2O obtida da partição do extrato foi fracionada e forneceu a rutina (quercetina-3-O-[O-Alfa-L-ramnopiranosil(1->6)- Beta-D-glicopiranosídeo). Esta é a primeira vez que esta espécie é investigada quimicamente e quanto à sua atividade biológica


Subject(s)
Humans , Animals , Male , Female , /isolation & purification , Flavonoids/chemistry , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Saponins/chemistry
10.
Belo Horizonte; s.n; 2008. 164 p. ilus.
Thesis in Portuguese | LILACS, Coleciona SUS | ID: biblio-938304

ABSTRACT

Duas espécies vegetais foram objeto de estudo para esta dissertação: Pittosporum undulatum Vent. (Pittosporaceae) e Piptadenia adiantoides (Spreng.) J.F. Macbr. (Fabaceae). Elas foram selecionadas a partir da triagem realizada durante um projeto multidisciplinar envolvendo o LQPN e grupos do IRR e da UFMG. Os extratos etanólicos dos frutos de P. undulatum e do caule de P. adiantoides demonstraram citotoxicidade para uma ou mais linhagens de células tumorais humanas (MCF-7, UACC-62 e TK-10). Da primeira foi obtida uma fração rica em saponinas que mostrou elevada atividade citotóxica, com CI50 (concentração capaz de inibir em 50% a proliferação celular) de 1,7 μg/mL, um valor menor do que o encontrado por Oliveira e colaboradores (2006) para a droga controle etoposídeo (12μg/mL). A fração rica em saponinas foi hidrolisada em meio ácido e o fracionamento da mistura reacional forneceu uma fração composta de duas sapogeninas triterpênicas. A análise dos dados de RMN de 1H e 13C e dos dados de IES-EM permitiram a elucidação da estrutura dessas sapogeninas como sendo o (3 Beta, 15 Alfa, 16 Alfa, 21 Beta, 22 Alfa)-21-(acetiloxi)-3, 15, 16, 28-tetraidroxiolean-12-en-22-il 2-metilbutanoato e o (3 Beta, 15 Alfa, 16 Alfa, 21 Beta, 22 Alfa)-21-(acetiloxi)-3,15,16,28-tetraidroxiolean-12-en-22-il 3-metillbut-2-enoato. Esta é a primeira vez que são descritas sapogeninas derivadas de R1-barrigenol esterificadas em C-21 e C-22 para a espécie P. undulatum.


Da segunda espécie vegetal, a fração dicloromêtanica (AFD), obtida por partição do extrato etanólico do caule, demonstrou atividade citostática para células MCF-7 inibindo em 100% a proliferação celular quando testada a 20 μg/mL. AFD foi fracionada empregando-se diversas técnicas cromatográficas resultando em frações ricas flavonóides que mostraram atividade citotóxica para as três linhagens de células tumorais. A fração MeOH:H2O obtida da partição do extrato foi fracionada e forneceu a rutina (quercetina-3-O-[O-Alfa-L-ramnopiranosil(1->6)- Beta-D-glicopiranosídeo). Esta é a primeira vez que esta espécie é investigada quimicamente e quanto à sua atividade biológica


Subject(s)
Male , Female , Humans , Animals , Biological Factors/isolation & purification , Flavonoids/chemistry , Leishmaniasis/drug therapy , Neoplasms/drug therapy , Saponins/chemistry
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