[Genital gender affirming surgery in trans men]. / Chirurgie génitale de masculinisation des hommes trans.

OBJECTIVE: Genital surgery for masculinisation in the context of gender incongruence is characterised by the reconstruction of male genitalia using multiple surgical techniques - free flap phalloplasty, pedicled flap phalloplasty or metaoidioplasty - which this article aims to describe. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A narrative review of the literature on these trans surgeries was carried out. RESULTS: Each technique has specific advantages and disadvantages, and does not produce the same results in terms of surgical risks, size of the reconstructed phallus, sensitivity, sexual function and urinary function. CONCLUSION: This surgical decision must therefore be shared with the person concerned, based on a clear understanding of their expectations and objectives. Long-term follow-up is recommended.

[Genital gender affirming surgery in trans women: Vulvo-vaginoplasty review]. / Chirurgie génitale d'affirmation de genre pour les femmes trans : revue des vulvo-vaginoplasties.

INTRODUCTION: A trans woman is a woman who was assigned male at birth, and who has a female gender identity. The majority are requesting a gender affirming genital surgery by vulvo-vaginoplasty. The objective is to review this surgery based on its history, then by presenting the different surgical techniques and their success and complication rates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A narrative review was performed, based on a bibliography search with keywords from 2000 to 2022 on Pubmed. RESULTS: Vulvo-vaginoplasty for trans women began in 1931, and the first case series date from 1969. The procedure includes excision of scrotal skin, orchiectomy, clitoroplasty, urethroplasty, labioplasty, recto-vesico-prostatic dissection and creation of a vaginal cavity (performed by penile skin inversion and graft, intestine, or peritoneum). Vulvo-vaginoplasty by penile skin inversion (VPPI) is today the reference surgical technique. It represents the vast majority of surgeries performed with the longest follow-up. The majority of trans women are satisfied with the procedure aesthetically (90%) and functionally (80%), with an active sexuality. Major complications are rare (< 5%), they correspond to fistulas or vaginal stenosis. CONCLUSION: VPPI is the gold standard technique with satisfactory overall results, but long-term follow-up is requested.

[Congenital penile curvature: Guidelines from the Andrology and Sexual Medicine Committee of the French Association of Urology (CAMS-AFU)]. / Courbures congénitales du pénis : recommandations du Comité d'andrologie et de médecine sexuelle de l'Association française d'urologie.

INTRODUCTION: Guidelines regarding congenital penile curvature (CPC) are lacking, and this pathology has not been the subject of French recommendations to date. The Andrology and Sexual Medicine Committee (CAMS) of the French Association of Urology (AFU) propose a series of clinical practice recommendations (CPR) by answering five clinical questions concerning the diagnosis and treatment of this pathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After a bibliographic research between 2000 and 2021, followed by a critical reading according to the CRP method. These recommendations were written to answer five questions: (1) What are the different types of CPC? (2) What are the reasons for consultation? (3) What are the assessment methods for CPCs and their consequences? (4) What are the indications for CPCs treatment? (5) What are the corrective modalities for the treatment of CPC? RESULTS: There are two main phenotypes: CPC type 4 (the most common) and chordee without hypospadias. The diagnosis of CPC is clinical and established through enquiry and clinical examination associated with photos of the erect penis. Support can be offered if the curvature is responsible for a disability and/or sexual dissatisfaction linked to a deformation making penetration difficult and/or in the event of significant psychological impact. Only surgical treatments have demonstrated their effectiveness. For type 4 CPCs, corporoplasty (excisional, incisional, or incisionless techniques) is the gold standard. CONCLUSION: These recommendations provide support for the management of patients consulting with CPC.

[Self-assessment of healthcare workers regarding the management of trans people in a university hospital]. / Auto-évaluation de professionnels de santé concernant la prise en charge des personnes trans dans un hôpital universitaire.

INTRODUCTION: Trans people face more barriers when seeking healthcare than the cisgender population probably due to a lack of knowledge, education and comfort of healthcare workers. The purpose of this study was to assess the knowledge and comfort felt by healthcare professionals in managing trans people in a French university hospital. METHODS: A self-questionnaire was emailed to healthcare professionals working in departments usually involved in the care of trans people in a French university hospital "not specialized" in medical and surgical gender transition. The questionnaire included demographic questions and Likert scales regarding their knowledge and comfort in taking care of trans people. Responses on the 7-point Likert scales were categorized into "low", "medium" and "high" groups, and responses on the 5-point Likert scales were categorized into "in favour", "neutral" and "against" groups. RESULTS: One hundred and two (29%) healthcare professionals answered the questionnaire. Half worked in surgical departments (urology, plastic surgery, gynecology), 24% worked in medical departments (endocrinology, reproductive medicine, cytogenetics) and 26% worked in psychiatry. The majority (60.3%) rated their level of knowledge as "low" and 39.7% as "medium". Sixteen percent rated their level of comfort in managing trans people as "low", 72.5% as "medium" and 11.5% as "high". A majority (77.5%) were in favor of having the costs of gender transition care covered by the national health insurance system, 16.4% were neutral and 6% were against this idea. Feelings about surgical and hormonal gender transition were overwhelmingly (96.4%) in favour or neutral and 91% were willing to get more training and education to manage trans people. CONCLUSION: The lack of comfort felt by healthcare professionals in university hospital in managing trans people seems to be related to a lack of knowledge and training in that field and not to a disagreement with the need of transgender healthcare. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

[French Urological Association (AFU) guidelines for Peyronie's disease assessment and treatment]. / Recommandations pour l'évaluation et la prise en charge de la maladie de Lapeyronie : rapport du comité d'andrologie et de médecine sexuelle de l'AFU.

INTRODUCTION: Peyronie's disease is a common cause for consultation in urology. Many controversies surround its treatment. No French Guidelines have been published so far. The Committee of Andrology and Sexual Medicine of the French Association of Urology therefore offers a series of evidence-based recommendations. MATERIALS AND METHODS: These recommendations are made according to the ADAPTE method, based on European (EAU, ESSM), American (AUA, ISSM) and Canadian (CAU) recommendations, integrating French specificities due to the availability of treatments, and an update of the recent bibliography. RESULTS: The assessment of the disease is clinical. Patients with functional impairment or significant psychological repercussions may be offered treatment. The benefits and drawbacks of each treatment should be explained to the patient. Regarding non-surgical treatments, no available treatment has market authorization in France. Vitamin E is not recommended. Analgesic (oral or low-intensity shock waves) or proerectile treatments may be offered as needed, as well as traction therapy. Due to the unavailability of collagenase injections, verapamil injections may be offered. Surgical treatments are to be considered in the stabilized phase of the disease, and consist of performing a plication, an incision-graft or the placement of a penile implant according to the patient's wishes, the curvature and the penis size, as well as erectile function. Combination treatments can be offered. CONCLUSION: The management of Peyronie's disease is complex, and the levels of evidence for treatments are generally low. The success of treatment will depend on the quality of the initial assessment, the patient's information and understanding of the expected effects, and the practitioner's experience.

[Recommendations of the Committee of Andrology and Sexual Medicine of the AFU concerning the management of andrological and sexual medicine pathologies during the COVID-19 crisis]. / Recommandations du Comité d'andrologie et de médecine sexuelle de l'AFU concernant la prise en charge andrologique et en médecine sexuelle en contexte et en sortie de crise sanitaire liée au COVID-19.

OBJECTIVE: To assist urologists in the management of andrological and sexual medicine pathologies during the COVID-19 crisis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Use of the formalized consensus method. RESULTS: The medical and surgical management of patients in andrology and sexual medicine must be adapted. Consultations should, as far as possible, be carried out by tele-consultation. For operative procedures, the delay between the operative decision and the date of (re)scheduling of the procedure will depend on: (1) the level of criticality of the clinical situation; (2) the type of intervention; (3) the functional and psychological repercussions, including quality of life while waiting for the procedure; (4) the notion of losing the chance of having an optimal outcome; (5) the risk of potential complications from delaying a procedure for too long; and (6) taking into account the patient's risk factors for severe forms of COVID-19. The protection of urologists from COVID-19 should be considered. Each urologist must make the best decision for the patient, taking into account the acceptable time frame and quality of life impact before surgical management, the COVID risk parameters, the technical and anesthetic feasibility and the structural possibility of the health care institution to ensure a specific dedicated pathway during the COVID-19 health crisis. CONCLUSION: The management of andrological and sexual medicine pathologies must be adapted to the COVID-19 crisis context. Some patients may require surgery, including in emergency. These recommendations are transitional and will end with the COVID-19 crisis.

The bilateral scrotal flap: Anatomical study and it's use for the management of inflammatory granulomas following custom-made injections.

INTRODUCTION: The management of 10 cases of penile inflammatory granulomas following a subcutaneous injection of non-absorbable substance for the purpose of penile augmentation is presented. We subsequently used the bilateral scrotal flaps to cover the post-excision skin defect. A simple decision aid chart outlining the management of penile foreign body injections is proposed. METHODS: A total of 10 patients were included in this study. All required surgical management by penile degloving, followed by complete excision of the inflammatory granuloma and overlying skin. The dissection of 14 cadavers was carried out to study the blood supply to the anterior scrotal flap. Penile reconstruction was then performed using a bilateral scrotal flap in all but two cases. Post-operatively, the patients were followed up for a 1 year period. RESULTS: We obtained good results in terms of the aesthetic outcome with all of our ten patients with the area covered having similar color to penile skin. There were no major post-operative complications. There were two minor complications involving wound healing. Sensory function was maintained and no penile shortening or curvatures were noted, in addition all patients were satisfied with both the shape and function of the penis. CONCLUSION: Although much rarer, penile augmentation related complications are still seen in western countries. The treating doctor should be aware of its management. We had achieved acceptable outcomes in our experience with the bilateral scrotal flap. We believe it is a good and simple option for soft tissue coverage of the penis in cases following the complete inflammatory granuloma excision. It can achieve satisfactory aesthetic and functional results for this group of patients.

[Penile prosthesis for erectile dysfunction in the neurological patient, indication, complications and satisfaction: Retrospective study on 27 patients]. / Implant pénien pour dysfonction érectile chez le patient neurologique, indication, complications et satisfaction : étude rétrospective sur 27 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Penile prosthesis for erectile dysfunction in patients with spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis is sometimes discussed after failure of drug or instrumental treatments (vacuum). The objective of this study was to evaluate the complications, evolution and patient satisfaction after the implantation of a penile prosthesis in the neurological patient. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multi-center retrospective study of 27 consecutive patients including 18 spinal cord injured patients and 9 patients with multiple sclerosis benefiting from the implantation of a penile prosthesis for erectile dysfunction purposes in two French centers between 2009 and 2019. Post-implantation complications, evolution of the use of the prosthesis and global patient satisfaction were evaluated using the standardized questionnaire Erectile Dysfunction Inventory of Treatment Satisfaction (EDITS) during a telephone call between March and May 2020. RESULTS: The average age of implantation was 46.4 years (±12.74). The length of follow-up to date of call was 6.05 years (±2.86). 8/27 patients (29.6 %) had at least one complication of any Clavien-Dindo grade included 2 infection. 2/27 (7,4 %) patients had a mechanical prosthesis injury during follow-up. The patient's dexterity with inflation of the prosthesis was perfect in 85 % of cases, and 75 % for deflation. The satisfaction rate for prosthesis use at the time of the call was 75.36/100pts for the patient and 66.88/100pts for the partner. CONCLUSION: This study found an increased rate of prothesis infection compared to the general population in the neurologic patient, but patient and partner satisfaction remain sustainable after more than 5 years of implantation. Dexterity was maintained over the long term, demonstrating a good selection of indications. These data invite to favorably consider the installation of a penile prosthesis in neurological patients who have failed first-line treatments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

[Recommendations of the Committee of Andrology and Sexual Medicine of the AFU concerning the management of Varicocele]. / Recommandations du Comité d'Andrologie et de Médecine Sexuelle de l'AFU concernant la prise en charge de la Varicocèle.

The diagnosis of varicocele is clinical, carried out in supine and standing position and in Valsalva maneuver. Only clinical varicoceles have to be treated. A scrotal ultrasound with Doppler is generally performed as part of the infertile man's evaluation or in case of examination difficulties. The main indication for varicocele treatment is the adult man with clinical varicocele and abnormalities of sperm parameters, in a context of infertility of couple, with a partner having a satisfactory ovarian reserve and no cause of female infertility or a curable infertility cause. The decision to treat varicocele must therefore be taken after evaluation of the two partners of the couple. Adults with symptomatic varicocele and those with spermogram abnormalities may also be offered a cure for their varicocele even in the absence of a paternity plan, as well as adolescents with reduced testicular growth, an ipsilateral decrease testicular volume, or a size gradient between the 2 testes. The cure of varicocele can be carried out by surgery or by percutaneous embolization. Microsurgery (inguinal or subinguinal) offers lower rates of recurrence and complications than high surgical approaches (laparoscopic or not) and surgeries without magnification. It is therefore the reference surgical technique. Percutaneous retrograde embolization is a minimally invasive alternative to microsurgery offering satisfactory outcomes with rare and often benign complications. The cure for varicocele results in an improvement in sperm parameters and recent data seem to confirm that it increases the natural pregnancy rate. These results appear after a delay of 3 to 9 months (at least 1 to 2 cycles of spermatogenesis). When the sperm involvement was severe (azoospermia, severe oligospermia), the improvement of the spermogram allow (1) to avoid surgery testicular sperm extraction or (2) perform intrauterine insemination rather than ICSI.

[French ccAFU guidelines - update 2020-2022: penile cancer]. / Recommandations françaises du Comité de cancérologie de l'AFU ­ actualisation 2020­2022 : tumeurs malignes du pénis.

OBJECTIVE: - To update French oncology guidelines concerning penile cancer. METHODS: - Comprehensive Medline search between 2018 and 2020 upon diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of testicular germ cell cancer to update previous guidelines. Level of evidence was evaluated according to AGREE-II. RESULTS: - Epidermoid carcinoma is the most common penile cancer histology. Physical examination is mandatory to define local and inguinal nodal cancer stage. MRI with artificial erection can help to assess deep infiltration in cases of organ-sparing intention. Node negative patients (defined by palpation and imaging) will present micro nodal metastases in up to 25% of cases. Invasive lymph node assessment is thus advocated except for low risk patients. Sentinel node dynamic biopsy is the first line technique. Modified bilateral inguinal lymphadenectomy is an option with higher morbidity. 18-FDG-PET is recommended in patients with palpable nodes. Chest, abdominal and pelvis computerized tomography is an option. Fine needle aspiration (when positive) is an easy way to assess inguinal palpable node pathological involvement. Its results determine the type of lymphadenectomy to be performed (for diagnostic or curative purposes). Treatment is mostly surgical. Free margins status is essential, but it also has to be organ-sparing when possible. Brachytherapy and topic agents can cure in selected cases. Lymph node assessment should be synchronous to the removal of the tumour when possible. Limited inguinal lymph node involvement (pN1 stage) can be cured with the only lymphadenectomy. In case of larger lymph node stage, one should consider multidisciplinary treatment including chemotherapy and inclusion in a trial. CONCLUSIONS: - Penile cancer needs demanding surgery to be cured, surrounded by chemotherapy in node positive patients. Lymph nodes involvement is a major prognostic factor. Thus, inguinal node assessment cannot be neglected.

[French ccAFU guidelines - update 2020-2022: testicular germ cell tumors]. / Recommandations françaises du Comité de cancérologie de l'AFU - actualisation 2020­2022: tumeurs germinales du testicule.

OBJECTIVE: - To update French guidelines concerning testicular germ cell cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS: - Comprehensive Medline search between 2018 and 2020 upon diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of testicular germ cell cancer and treatments toxicities. Level of evidence was evaluated. RESULTS: - Testicular Germ cell tumor diagnosis is based on physical examination, biology tests (serum tumor markers AFP, hCGt, LDH) and radiological assessment (scrotal ultrasound and chest, abdomen and pelvis computerized tomography). Total inguinal orchiectomy is the first-line treatment allowing characterization of the histological type, local staging and identification of risk factors for micrometastases. In case of several therapeutic options, one must inform his patient balancing risks and benefits. Surveillance is usually chosen in stage I seminoma compliant patients as the evolution rate is low between 15 to 20%. Carboplatin AUC7 is an alternative option. Radiotherapy indication should be avoided. In stage I non seminomatous patients, either surveillance or risk-adapted strategy can be applied. Staging retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy has restricted indications. Metastatic germ cell tumors are usually treated by PEB chemotherapy according to IGCCCG prognostic classification. Lombo-aortic radiotherapy is still a standard treatment for stage IIA. Residual masses should be evaluated by biological and radiological assessment 3 to 4 weeks after the end of chemotherapy. Retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy is advocated for every non seminomatous residual mass more than one cm. 18FDG uptake should be evaluated for each seminoma residual mass more than 3 cm. CONCLUSIONS: - A rigorous use of classifications is mandatory to define staging since initial diagnosis. Applying treatments based on these classifications leads to excellent survival rates (99% in CSI, 85% in CSII+).

[French ccAFU guidelines - update 2020-2022: retroperitoneal sarcoma]. / Recommandations françaises du Comité de cancérologie de l'AFU - actualisation 2020-2022 : sarcomes rétropéritonéaux.

OBJECTIVE: - To update French urological guidelines on retroperitoneal sarcoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS: - Comprehensive Medline search between 2018 and 2020 upon diagnosis, treatment and follow-up of retroperitoneal sarcoma. Level of evidence was evaluated. RESULTS: - Chest, abdomen and pelvis CT is mandatory to evaluate any suspected retroperitoneal sarcoma. MRI sometimes helps surgical planning. Before histological confirmation through biopsy, the patient must be registered in the French sarcoma pathology reference network. The biopsy standard should be an extraperitoneal coaxial percutaneous sampling before any retroperitoneal mass therapeutic decision. Surgery is retroperitoneal sarcoma cornerstone. The main objective is grossly negative margins and can be technically challenging. Multimodal treatment risks and benefits must be discussed in multidisciplinary teams. The relapse rate is related to tumor grade and surgical margins. Reported Negative margins rate thus encourage surgery in high-volume centers. CONCLUSION: - Retroperitoneal sarcoma prognosis is poor and closely related to the quality of initial management. Centralization through dedicated sarcoma pathology network in a high-volume center is mandatory.

[French ccAFU guidelines - update 2020-2022: malignancy assessment of an adrenal incidentaloma]. / Recommandations françaises du Comité de cancérologie de l'AFU - actualisation 2020-2022 : bilan de malignité d'un incidentalome surrénalien.

INTRODUCTION: - The objective of this publication is to recall the initial oncological management of adrenal incidentalomas. MATERIAL & METHODS: - The multidisciplinary working group updated french urological guidelines established by the CCAFU in 2018, based on an exhaustive literature review carried out on PubMed. RESULTS: - Although the majority of the adrenal masses are benign and non-functional, it is important to investigate them, as a percentage of these can cause serious endocrine diseases or be cancers. Malignant adrenal tumors are mainly represented by Adrenocortical Carcinomas (ACC), malignant pheochromocytomas (MPC) and adrenal metastases (AM). The malignancy assessment of an adrenal incident includes a complete history, a physical examination, a biochemical / hormonal assessment to look for subclinical hormonal secretion. Diagnostic hypotheses are sometimes available at this stage, but it is the morphological and functional imaging and the histological analysis which will make it possible to close the malignancy assessment and make the oncological diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: - AC and MPC are mainly sporadic but a hereditary origin is always possible. ACC is suspected preoperatively but the diagnosis of certainty is histological. The diagnosis of MPC is more delicate and is based on clinic, biology and imagery. The diagnosis of certainty of AM requires a percutaneous biopsy. At the end, the files must be discussed within the COMETE - adrenal cancer network (Appendix 1).

[Biotherapies for erectile dysfunction and Peyronie's disease: Where are we now?] / Biothérapies pour les troubles de l'érection et la maladie de la Peyronie : ou en est-on ?

INTRODUCTION: Clinical trials of cell therapy for erectile dysfunction (ED) and Peyronie's disease (PD) were recently conducted after preclinical studies. AIMS: The aims of this study are to give an update on biotherapy for ED and PD and to describe the regulatory framework for these therapies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A literature review was performed through PubMed and Clinical.trials.gov addressing cell therapy for ED and PD and using following keywords "erectile dysfunction", "Peyronie's disease", "stem cell", and "platelet-rich plasma". RESULTS: Preclinical studies in rodent models have shown the potential benefit of cell therapy for ED after radical prostatectomy or caused by metabolic diseases, and PD. The tissues used to obtain the therapeutic product were bone marrow, adipose tissue and blood (PRP, platelet-rich plasma). Mechanism of action was shown to be temporary and mainly paracrine. Four clinical trials were published concerning ED after radical prostatectomy and in diabetic patients and one for PD. Eleven clinical trials including three randomized trials are currently going on. Preclinical and preliminary clinical results suggested the possibility to improve spontaneous erectile function and response to pharmaceutical treatment in initially non-responder patients. This effect is mediated by an improvement of penile vascularization. A reduction of penile curvature without side effect was noted after injections into the plaque of PD patients. Most of these therapeutic strategies using autologous cells were considered as "Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products" with strict regulatory frameworks imposing heavy constraints, in particular in case of "substantial" modification of the cells. The regulatory framework remains unclear and more permissive for PRP and cell therapy processes with extemporaneous preparation/injection and no "substantial" modifications. CONCLUSIONS: First results on cell therapy for ED and PD are promising. The regulatory framework can significantly change according to cell preparations and origins leading to various constraints. This regulatory framework is crucial to consider for the choice of the procedure.

[Plaque incision and Tachosil graft in Peyronie's Disease]. / Incision de plaque et greffe de Tachosil chez les patients atteints d'une maladie de Lapeyronie.

INTRODUCTION: Surgery is a treatment for correction of penile curvature in Peyronie's disease. Partial plaque excision and grafting is recommended for severe and complex curvature. METHODS: Patients with stable penile curvature who underwent a partial plaque excision and grafting between January 2017 and April 2018 were retrospectively included. The graft was realized using a self-adhesive collagen fleece (Tachosil®). Penile curvature, penile length and erection score were measured before and after surgery. RESULTS: Twenty-one patients, aged 52,13 (18-70 years) were included. The average follow-up after surgery was 8,36 months (1-14 months). Early complications included two hematomas and one dysuria (Clavien 1). One patient had a penile prosthesis hernia 3 months after surgery, and needed a new surgery (Clavien 3B). Patients stayed at the hospital 1.38 night (1-5) and operating time was 158min (102-249min). Average penile curvature after surgery was 5.88° (0-30°), while it was 82.75° (50-100°) before. Erection score increased from 7.62 (3-10) to 7.86 (4-10). There was no modification of the penile length 11.92cm (11-14.5) after surgery and 12.09cm (10-15cm) before. CONCLUSION: The use of TachoSil® reduces the operative time, is easy to use and has hemostatic properties at a low cost. However, prospective randomized trial and long terms results are required to confirm our encouraging results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

[Benign prostatic hyperplasia surgery and patient's information: What do patients understand and remember?] / Chirurgie de l'hypertrophie bénigne de prostate et information des patients : qu'est ce que les patients comprennent et retiennent ?

INTRODUCTION: Preoperative information is a key to adherence to treatment for the patients, but may be misunderstood because of its density and complexity. The aim of this study was to assess comprehension and satisfaction of patients about preoperative information of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) surgery. Factors influencing patient understanding were also studied. PATIENTS AND METHODS: It was a monocentric study on questionnaires including every patients planned for BPH surgery, whatever the surgical technique. A survey was sent at patient's home after the preoperative consultation. RESULTS: One hundred and six of 210 patients (50,5 %) returned the questionnaire. 38,68 % (n=41) found the quality of information excellent (9 or 10 out of 10), and 45,28 % (n=48) found the quality of information good (7 or 8 out of 10). The main recalled complications were retrograde ejaculation (39.6 %, n=42/106), and bleeding (29,2 %, n=31/106). 57.6 % of patients (n=61) remembered receiving the written information sheet of the French Association of Urology. 5.7 % (n=6) hesitated having the procedure. Only patient's age was significantly associated with difference of comprehension (p<0.005). CONCLUSION: Information given before a BPH surgery seems satisfactory although it was poorly understood, notably about complications. Providing complete oral information, insisting on complications, and giving the written information sheet are essential for a good doctor-patient relationship and a forensic serenity. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 3.

Efficacy and security of continent catheterizable channels at short and middle term for adult neurogenic bladder dysfunction.

AIMS: The objective of this study was to assess the effectiveness and the complications rate following continent cutaneous channels (CCC) procedures, at short and medium term follow-up (FU). MATERIALS & METHODS: A continuous retrospective case series (2008-2018): all patients who have undergone a CCC for neurogenic bladder were included in our department. The primary outcome was the effectiveness of CCC defined by the status of catheterizability (by the patient or a care-giver), continence of the tube, and absence of reintervention at 3 and 12 months FU. The secondary outcome was the prevalence of postoperative complications at 3 and 12 months FU. RESULTS: Fifty-three patients were included during the study period in our department. Median follow up was 3,3 years (1.5-6.1). The overall effectiveness of CCC was 67.9% (n=36/53) at 3 months FU and 45,3% (n=24) at 12 months FU. The global rate of complications was 60.4% (n=32/53) at 3 months, and 73.6% (n=39/73) at 12 months FU. The statistical analysis showed no statistical differences on efficacy and complications in the different subgroups of CCC. CONCLUSIONS: In the current series, the effectiveness and the complications rates following CCC were comparable across the procedure types. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

[Enhanced recovery after robotic partial nephrectomy: Evaluation of patient's satisfaction]. / Réhabilitation précoce après tumorectomie rénale robot-assistée : quelle satisfaction des patients ?

INTRODUCTION: Several enhanced recovery protocols after surgery showed a benefit for postoperative recovery and reduction of hospital lengths of stay. Very few studies evaluated patient's satisfaction about these enhanced recovery protocols. The aim of this study was to evaluate patient's satisfaction about our enhanced recovery protocol for robotic-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN). METHODS: A validated survey EORTC In PATSAT32 with a specific questionnaire about protocol was sent to the first patients included in the enhanced recovery protocol for RAPN. The survey was sent after the postoperative consultation at postoperative day 30. Responses were anonymous. Satisfaction's scores for EORTC questionnaire were calculated for each dimension with Likert's method. Scores were transformed linearly into a scale ranging from 0 to 100, where 100 represent the highest level of care satisfaction (EORTC method). RESULTS: A total of 21 patients (50%) returned the completed questionnaire. The overall satisfaction score was 75.1% (37.3; 100) in the EORTC survey. In total, 71.4% of patients (n=15) were satisfied with the discharge at postoperative day 2 (POD2) and 5 patients (23.8%) found this premature. None of the patients had a negative impression on the clinical pathway. The average overall evaluation on the protocol by patients, on a satisfaction scale of 1 to 10 was 8.9/10. CONCLUSION: In this study, patients included in the enhanced recovery protocol after RAPN were very satisfied with their pre-, per- and postoperative care. Given patients satisfaction, reduction of LOS, patient's safety and the medicoeconomic advantage, these enhanced recovery protocol have become a priority to develop and evaluate. More large studies are needed to assess the patient's experience with these clinical pathways. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 4.

RETRACTED: Recommandations françaises du Comité de Cancérologie de l'AFU ­ Actualisation 2018­2020 : tumeurs germinales du testicule French ccAFU guidelines ­ Update 2018­2020: Testicular germ cell tumors / Recommandations françaises du Comité de Cancérologie de l'AFU ­ Actualisation 2018­2020: tumeurs germinales du testicule.

This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). Cet article est retiré de la publication à la demande des auteurs car ils ont apporté des modifications significatives sur des points scientifiques après la publication de la première version des recommandations. Le nouvel article est disponible à cette adresse: doi:10.1016/j.purol.2019.01.009. C'est cette nouvelle version qui doit être utilisée pour citer l'article. This article has been retracted at the request of the authors, as it is not based on the definitive version of the text because some scientific data has been corrected since the first issue was published. The replacement has been published at the doi:10.1016/j.purol.2019.01.009. That newer version of the text should be used when citing the article.