ABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: (1) To estimate the prevalence, geographic distribution, and demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of opioids in Colombia, between 2009 and 2018. (2) To describe the opioid sales trends in Colombia over the last few years. METHODS: We conducted an observational study analyzing information from Individual National Registry of Health Services and the Colombian official database for pharmaceuticals prices and quantities sold. The included ICD-10 codes were mental and behavioral disorders due to the use of opioids (F11) codes subdivisions. RESULTS: 12,557 cases of mental and behavioral disorders due to opioid use were reported, with a rate of 3.0 per 100,000 inhabitants for the studied period. Men represented 74.2 percent, with a male:female ratio of 2.9:1. The highest prevalence was found between 20 and 24 years, in the northwest Colombian area. A progressive increase in the total number of opioid units sold during the study period was found, and the most frequently sold opioids were tramadol (55 percent) and codeine (20 percent). CONCLUSIONS: Recognition of opioid use disorders has increased in the last 10 years; it affects more males than females, mostly young adults, and is higher in certain affluent regions of Colombia. We found a progressive annual increase in the sales of opioids in the country, which could be related to the increase in the rate of registries. Studies that have analyzed opioid abuse in Latin America are limited, and further studies are needed to evaluate this situation in middle-income countries from the region.
Subject(s)
Opioid-Related Disorders , Tramadol , Analgesics, Opioid/adverse effects , Cross-Sectional Studies , Female , Humans , Male , Opioid-Related Disorders/diagnosis , Opioid-Related Disorders/drug therapy , Opioid-Related Disorders/epidemiology , Prevalence , Registries , Young AdultABSTRACT
Abstract Intrathecal administration for the treatment of patients with difficult to manage chronic pain represents a therapeutic breakthrough that reduces adverse effects and improves the patient's quality of life. However, the use and refill of infusion pumps entails certain risks. A difficult access to the refill port and the potential for subcutaneous infiltration are rare but potentially fatal complications. The use of ultrasonography as real-time guidance for the localization of the port has been suggested. The case of a patient with a diagnosis of ankylosing spondylitis and chronic pain, with neuroplasticity phenomena in the management of analgesia with opioid intrathecal infusion pump and the need for frequent refill is discussed. An ultrasound-guided static method using coordinates was used for a successful, free of complications refill. The technique described for the refill of intrathecal infusion pumps is a practical and innovative approach which, through adequate training, may reduce the risks and complications during the procedure in patients requiring frequent refills.
Resumen La vía de administración intratecal en el tratamiento de pacientes con dolor crónico de difícil manejo representa un avance terapéutico que disminuye efectos adversos y mejora su calidad de vida. Sin embargo, el uso y recarga de bombas de infusión presenta riesgos. Un acceso difícil al puerto de recarga y la posible infiltración subcutánea son complicaciones infrecuentes, pero potencialmente fatales. El uso de ultrasonografía como guía en tiempo real o para localización del puerto ha sido propuesto. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con diagnóstico de espondilitis anquilosante y dolor crónico con fenómenos de neuroplasticidad en manejo analgésico con bomba de infusión intratecal de opioides y necesidad de recarga frecuente, en quien se aplicó un método estático mediante coordenadas utilizando ultrasonido para guiar la recarga de forma exitosa y sin complicaciones. La técnica descrita para la recarga de bombas de infusión intratecal es una manera práctica e innovadora que, con el entrenamiento adecuado, puede disminuir los riesgos y complicaciones durante el procedimiento en pacientes con requerimiento de recarga frecuente.
