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2.
Rev. patol. respir ; 25(2): 63-65, Abri - Jun 2022. ilus
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-207329

ABSTRACT

La ecografía torácica es útil en la valoración de enfermedades del parénquima pulmonar, pared torácica, diafragma y mediastino, y también como guía en procesos intervencionistas diagnósticos y terapéuticos. Es una técnica que aporta gran cantidad de información además de poseer muchas ventajas: es sencilla y accesible, rápida, no utiliza radiación ionizante, etc. En el siguiente artículo comparamos la evolución radiológica y ecográfica de un paciente ingresado por neumonía por SARS-CoV-2.(AU)


Thoracic ultrasound is useful in the evaluation of lung parenchyma, chest wall, diaphragm and mediastinum and also as a guide in diagnostic and therapeutic interventional processes. This technique provides a large amount of useful information apart from having many advantages, such us: being simple, accesible and fast, not using ionizing radiation, etc. This paper aims to compare the radiological and ultrasound evolution of a patient admitted for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Radiography, Thoracic , Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections , Pneumonia , Radiology , Diagnostic Imaging , Respiratory Tract Diseases
4.
Rev. patol. respir ; 24(1): 1-3, ene.-mar. 2021.
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-202336

ABSTRACT

Varios dispositivos de CPAP artesanales se usaron durante los primeros meses de la pandemia de COVID-19 para el tratamiento de la insuficiencia respiratoria grave provocada por esta enfermedad. Ninguno de ellos está homologado ni pasó test de seguridad por lo que su uso se debería limitar a situaciones excepcionales y bajo unas determinadas circunstancias de control


Several homemade CPAP devices were used during the first months of COVID-19 pandemic to treat severe respiratory failure. None of them is homologated and no security tests were passed, so on, the use of these devices must be limited in exceptional moments and only under determinates circumstances of use


Subject(s)
Humans , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure/instrumentation , Respiratory Insufficiency/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Ventilators, Mechanical/standards , Pandemics , Betacoronavirus , Noninvasive Ventilation/instrumentation , Equipment Design
5.
Neurología (Barc., Ed. impr.) ; 35(9): 621-627, nov.-dic. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-192754

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCCIÓN: Nos proponemos analizar las complicaciones neurológicas de los pacientes con infección grave por SARS-CoV-2 que han requerido ingreso en unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI). PACIENTES Y MÉTODOS: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo, observacional, de pacientes consecutivos ingresados en UCI por infección respiratoria grave por SARS-CoV-2 desde el 1 de abril hasta el 1 de junio de 2020. RESULTADOS: Registramos 30 pacientes con síntomas neurológicos, 21 hombres (72,40%), edad media: 57,41 años ± 11,61 desviación estándar (DE). Estancia media en UCI: 18,83 ± 14,33 DE. A nivel sindrómico: 28 pacientes (93,33%) con síndrome confusional agudo, 15 (50%) con patología neuromuscular, 5 (16,66%) con cefalea, 4 (13,33%) con patología cerebrovascular y 4 (13,33%) con encefalopatías/encefalitis. Punción lumbar normal en 6 pacientes (20%). La RMN craneal o TAC craneal mostró alteraciones en 20 casos (66,6%). Se realizó EEG en todos los pacientes (100%), alterado en 8 pacientes (26,66%). En 5 de los 15 pacientes con miopatía clínica se ha podido confirmar con ENMG. Hemos encontrado relación entre la mayor edad y los días de ingreso en UCI (p = 0,002; IC95%: 4,032-6,022; OR: 3,594). CONCLUSIONES: La infección grave por COVID-19 afecta mayoritariamente a hombres, similar a lo descrito en otras series. La mitad de nuestros pacientes presenta una miopatía aguda, y casi la totalidad de los pacientes salen de la UCI con síndromes confusionales agudos que evolucionan a una resolución completa, sin correlacionarse con los resultados del EEG o de pruebas de neuroimagen. La mayor edad se asocia con un mayor número de días de estancia en UCI


INTRODUCTION: We analysed the neurological complications of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, observational, descriptive study of consecutive patients admitted to the ICU due to severe respiratory symptoms secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 April and 1 June 2020. RESULTS: We included 30 patients with neurological symptoms; 21 were men (72.40%), and mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 57.41 years (11.61). The mean duration of ICU stay was 18.83 days (14.33). The neurological conditions recorded were acute confusional syndrome in 28 patients (93.33%), neuromuscular disease in 15 (50%), headache in 5 (16.66%), cerebrovascular disease in 4 (13.33%), and encephalopathies/encephalitis in 4 (13.33%). CSF analysis results were normal in 6 patients (20%). Brain MRI or head CT showed alterations in 20 patients (66.6%). EEG was performed in all patients (100%), with 8 (26.66%) showing abnormal findings. In 5 of the 15 patients with clinical myopathy, diagnosis was confirmed with electroneuromyography. We found a correlation between older age and duration of ICU stay (P = .002; 95%CI: 4.032-6.022; OR: 3,594). CONCLUSIONS: Severe COVID-19 mainly affects men, as observed in other series. Half of our patients presented acute myopathy, and almost all patients left the ICU with acute confusional syndrome, which fully resolved; no correlation was found with EEG or neuroimaging findings. Older age is associated with longer ICU stay


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Pandemics , Nervous System Diseases/virology , Nervous System Diseases/diagnostic imaging , Critical Illness , Severity of Illness Index , Tomography, X-Ray Computed , Retrospective Studies
7.
Rev. patol. respir ; 23(supl.3): S279-S284, dic. 2020. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-197105

ABSTRACT

El COVID-19 se relaciona con el desarrollo de un síndrome de distrés respiratorio, en muchos casos con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda grave. Ante la falta de disponibilidad o la ausencia de criterios para ingreso en las unidades de cuidados intensivos (UCI) de estos pacientes, los neumólogos han tenido que reinventar la indicación y el modo de uso de las terapias de soporte respiratorio no invasivo (TSRNI), y con ello las unidades de cuidados respiratorios intermedios atendidas por neumólogos. La presencia de estas unidades ha sido un factor determinante de la mortalidad por COVID-19, puesto que han permitido indicar ventilación mecánica no invasiva, presión positiva continua en vía aérea y/o terapia de alto flujo, además de la oxigenoterapia convencional, bajo estricta monitorización en un ambiente fuera de las UCI. Con esta revisión, nos hemos propuesto describir y analizar la evidencia disponible en cuanto al uso de las TSRNI en la COVID-19


COVID-19 leads to the development of a respiratory distress syndrome, in many cases including a severe hypoxemic respiratory failure. Due to the lack of Intensive Care Units (ICU) beds, or the absence of criteria to receive some patients, pulmonologists have had to rethink the indications and use of the noninvasive support respiratory therapies (NSRT), and the intermediate respiratory intensive care units (IRCU) managed by pulmonologists. The creation of these units has been a determinant factor of the mortality due to COVID-19, since support respiratory techniques like noninvasive mechanical ventilation, continuous airway positive pressure or high flow therapy, besides conventional oxygen therapy, have been indicated and strictly monitored even in the absence of an ICU room. In this paper, we attempt to describe and analyze the available evidence of the use of NSRT in patients with COVID-19


Subject(s)
Humans , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Coronavirus Infections/therapy , Pneumonia, Viral/therapy , Pandemics , Oxygen Inhalation Therapy/methods , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Intensive Care Units
8.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 35(9): 621-627, 2020.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32912745

ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION: We analysed the neurological complications of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective, observational, descriptive study of consecutive patients admitted to the ICU due to severe respiratory symptoms secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 April and 1 June 2020. RESULTS: We included 30 patients with neurological symptoms; 21 were men (72.40%), and mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 57.41 years (11.61). The mean duration of ICU stay was 18.83 days (14.33). The neurological conditions recorded were acute confusional syndrome in 28 patients (93.33%), neuromuscular disease in 15 (50%), headache in 5 (16.66%), cerebrovascular disease in 4 (13.33%), and encephalopathies/encephalitis in 4 (13.33%). CSF analysis results were normal in 6 patients (20%). Brain MRI or head CT showed alterations in 20 patients (66.6%). EEG was performed in all patients (100%), with 8 (26.66%) showing abnormal findings. In 5 of the 15 patients with clinical myopathy, diagnosis was confirmed with electroneuromyography. We found a correlation between older age and duration of ICU stay (P=.002; 95%CI: 4.032-6.022; OR: 3,594). CONCLUSIONS: Severe COVID-19 mainly affects men, as observed in other series. Half of our patients presented acute myopathy, and almost all patients left the ICU with acute confusional syndrome, which fully resolved; no correlation was found with EEG or neuroimaging findings. Older age is associated with longer ICU stay.


Subject(s)
Betacoronavirus , Coronavirus Infections/complications , Critical Illness , Muscular Diseases/etiology , Nervous System Diseases/etiology , Pandemics , Pneumonia, Viral/complications , Acute Disease , Adult , Age Factors , Aged , COVID-19 , Cerebral Hemorrhage/diagnostic imaging , Cerebral Hemorrhage/epidemiology , Cerebral Hemorrhage/etiology , Confusion/epidemiology , Confusion/etiology , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Critical Care , Female , Humans , Length of Stay/statistics & numerical data , Magnetic Resonance Imaging , Male , Middle Aged , Muscular Diseases/epidemiology , Nervous System Diseases/epidemiology , Neuroimaging , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Retrospective Studies , SARS-CoV-2 , Spain/epidemiology
11.
Neurologia (Engl Ed) ; 35(3): 185-206, 2020 Apr.
Article in English, Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31003788

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Steinert's disease or myotonic dystrophy type 1 (MD1), (OMIM 160900), is the most prevalent myopathy in adults. It is a multisystemic disorder with dysfunction of virtually all organs and tissues and a great phenotypical variability, which implies that it has to be addressed by different specialities with experience in the disease. The knowledge of the disease and its management has changed dramatically in recent years. This guide tries to establish recommendations for the diagnosis, prognosis, follow-up and treatment of the complications of MD1. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Consensus guide developed through a multidisciplinary approach with a systematic literature review. Neurologists, pulmonologists, cardiologists, endocrinologists, neuropaediatricians and geneticists have participated in the guide. RECOMMENDATIONS: The genetic diagnosis should quantify the number of CTG repetitions. MD1 patients need cardiac and respiratory lifetime follow-up. Before any surgery under general anaesthesia, a respiratory evaluation must be done. Dysphagia must be screened periodically. Genetic counselling must be offered to patients and relatives. CONCLUSION: MD1 is a multisystemic disease that requires specialised multidisciplinary follow-up.


Subject(s)
Genetic Counseling , Myotonic Dystrophy/diagnosis , Myotonic Dystrophy/genetics , Practice Guidelines as Topic/standards , Deglutition Disorders , Follow-Up Studies , Humans , Myotonic Dystrophy/complications
13.
Neurologia ; 35(9): 621-627, 2020.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38620654

ABSTRACT

Introduction: We analysed the neurological complications of patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection who required intensive care unit (ICU) admission. Patients and methods: We conducted a retrospective, observational, descriptive study of consecutive patients admitted to the ICU due to severe respiratory symptoms secondary to SARS-CoV-2 infection between 1 April and 1 June 2020. Results: We included 30 patients with neurological symptoms; 21 were men (72.40%), and mean age (standard deviation [SD]) was 57.41 years (11.61). The mean duration of ICU stay was 18.83 days (14.33). The neurological conditions recorded were acute confusional syndrome in 28 patients (93.33%), neuromuscular disease in 15 (50%), headache in 5 (16.66%), cerebrovascular disease in 4 (13.33%), and encephalopathies/encephalitis in 4 (13.33%). CSF analysis results were normal in 6 patients (20%). Brain MRI or head CT showed alterations in 20 patients (66.6%). EEG was performed in all patients (100%), with 8 (26.66%) showing abnormal findings. In 5 of the 15 patients with clinical myopathy, diagnosis was confirmed with electroneuromyography. We found a correlation between older age and duration of ICU stay (P = .002; 95% CI: 4.032-6.022; OR: 3,594). Conclusions: Severe COVID-19 mainly affects men, as observed in other series. Half of our patients presented acute myopathy, and almost all patients left the ICU with acute confusional syndrome, which fully resolved; no correlation was found with EEG or neuroimaging findings. Older age is associated with longer ICU stay.

14.
Rev. patol. respir ; 22(3): 98-108, jul.-sept. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-188996

ABSTRACT

En los últimos años, hemos asistido a un importante avance en el manejo de los pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC), lo que ha llevado a un incremento de su supervivencia. Este hecho ha supuesto que tengamos que abordar nuevos retos a los que debemos dar respuesta, incluyendo la atención de estos enfermos al final de su vida. El problema está en la dificultad de detectar al grupo de individuos con EPOC subsidiarios de recibir un abordaje paliativo. Una de las aproximaciones clásicas para valorar la necesidad de esta aproximación es considerar que si el paciente falleciese en los próximos 12 meses no sería una sorpresa. Sin embargo, muchos autores consideran que el uso exclusivo de este criterio no es útil en los individuos con EPOC. En este sentido, se ha descrito que los cambios en ciertos parámetros a los largo del tiempo podrían ayudar a predecir mejor la mortalidad en ese periodo de tiempo. En cualquier caso, una correcta coordinación entre la consulta de EPOC, la planta de hospitalización de Neumología y la unidad de cuidados paliativos podría facilitar la toma de decisiones. En este artículo se abordan aspectos relacionados con la atención y los aspectos terapéuticos de la EPOC al final de la vida, incluyendo los criterios que ayudan a identificar a estos enfermos, los síntomas asociados a la EPOC avanzada y el abordaje de los mismos y cómo realizar el manejo terapéutico en los últimos días de vida del paciente con esta enfermedad


In recent years, we have witnessed an important advance in the management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), which has led to an increase in their survival. This has meant that we have to address new challenges to which we must respond, including the care of these patients at the end of their lives. The problem lies in the difficulty of detecting the group of individuals with COPD that are subsidiary to receiving a palliative approach. One of the classic approaches to assess the need for this approach is to consider that if the patient died in the next 12 months it would not be a surprise. However, many authors consider that the exclusive use of this criterion is not useful in individuals with COPD. In this sense, it has been described that changes in certain parameters over time could help to better predict mortality in that period of time. In any case, a correct coordination between the COPD consultation, the Pneumology hospitalization unit and the palliative care unit could facilitate decision making. This article addresses aspects related to the care and therapeutic aspects of COPD at the end of life, including the criteria that help identify these patients, the symptoms associated with advanced COPD and the approach to them and how to perform therapeutic management in the last days of life of the patient with this disease


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/psychology , Hospice Care/methods , Dyspnea/therapy , Fatigue/therapy , Anxiety/therapy , Depression/therapy
15.
Rev. patol. respir ; 21(4): 112-120, oct.-dic. 2018. tab, mapas, graf
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-178301

ABSTRACT

Introducción. En la actualidad, la ventilación mecánica domiciliaria (VMD) se ha convertido en una terapia de uso habitual. La tasa de uso en España es desconocida, por lo que se ha realizado una encuesta en todos los hospitales de la Comunidad de Madrid (CAM) adscritos al Sistema Nacional de Salud para recoger los datos de los pacientes tratados con VMD en octubre y noviembre de 2018. Material y métodos. Se distribuyó una encuesta on-line entre todos los hospitales de la CAM de los grupos funcionales homogéneos (GFH) 1, 2 y 3 pertenecientes al Sistema Nacional de Salud. La encuesta constaba de 50 preguntas y se solicitó que se respondiera a las preguntas con datos reales, no estimados. Resultados. La encuesta la contestaron 18 hospitales, aunque todas las preguntas del cuestionario solo fueron contestadas por 10. La tasa de uso de VMD en la CAM fue de 74/100.000 habitantes. La edad media de los pacientes en VMD era de 69 años (63-76) y el 56% eran varones. La patología que más frecuentemente justificaba la VMD fue el síndrome de obesidad hipoventilación 41% (25-70). Se encontró mucha variabilidad intercentro tanto en la tasa de VMD como en la patología que justificaba la indicación. Todos los hospitales menos 2 disponían de consulta monográfica de VMD. La adaptación se realizaba fundamentalmente en hospitalización (33%) u hospital de día (33%). Se necesita más tiempo, más personal y mejores recursos técnicos para realizar una adecuada monitorización. La relación con las empresas suministradoras de terapias es buena


Introduction. Nowadays home mechanical ventilation (HMV) is a normal use in pneumology. Rate of use in Spain is unknown. We have developed a survey in all Public Madrid Area Hospitals to keep data about HMV patients between 2018 october and november. Methods. We sent an on-line survey to all Public Madrid Area Hospitals with 50 questions about HMV uses. We asked for real data answers, trying to not estimate answers. Results. The survey was answered by 18 hospitals, although all survey questions were answered by 10 hospitals. Rate of use of HMV in Madrid Area was 74/100.000. Mean age was 69 (63-76) years and 56% were males. The most frequent pathology that justified HMV was obesity hipoventilation syndrome 41% (25-70). We found a high variability interhospital in HMV rate and in the pathology that justified it. All the hospitals instead 2 of them had a monography HMV consult. HMV adaptation was done majority in hospitalization (33%) and in day hospital (33%). It is necessary more time, more people and better devices to achieve a proper monitoring. The relationship with the therapy providers is good


Subject(s)
Humans , Respiration, Artificial/methods , Respiratory Insufficiency/epidemiology , Ventilators, Mechanical/trends , National Health Systems , Surveys and Questionnaires , Cross-Sectional Studies , Respiration, Artificial/statistics & numerical data
16.
Rev. patol. respir ; 19(3): 76-82, jul.-sept. 2016. ilus, graf, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-157178

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: Identificar en pacientes con enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (EPOC) prácticas diagnósticas, terapéuticas y de autocuidado que resultan inadecuadas, de dudosa efectividad o que no son coste-efectivas, tanto en fase estable como durante una agudización. Material y método: El estudio se ha organizado en 3 fases y diseñado para identificar prácticas que no aportan valor o que deben desaconsejarse en el manejo de la EPOC estable y agudizada, y en los autocuidados llevados a cabo por estos pacientes. La primera fase se realizó mediante la técnica Metaplan en la que se puntuaron y seleccionaron las prácticas que con más frecuencia claramente debían desaconsejarse. La segunda fase se hizo a través de la web mediante una técnica de conferencia de consenso que permitió la valoración y la selección jerarquizada de las recomendaciones en función de la frecuencia en que ocurren y la intensidad en el que esa práctica resultaba inútil o perjudicial. En la tercera fase se elaboró una ficha descriptiva de cada una de las recomendaciones finales, que incluye la descripción de la práctica a erradicar, el nivel de evidencia y grado de recomendación y los indicadores de la medida en que se ha logrado un cambio en la práctica. Resultados: Los resultados se mostrarán en una tabla que recogerá las prácticas ‘no hacer’ en la EPOC, con la frecuencia con que se produce la práctica que se desaconseja y la intensidad con que la práctica resulta inadecuada, tanto en la EPOC estable como en la EPOC agudizada y en las prácticas realizadas por los pacientes. Además, se desarrollará en una ficha técnica para cada recomendación en el que se expondrá la denominación, la justificación y el nivel de evidencia de la recomendación. También se elaborarán indicadores que permitan evaluar los datos recogidos y que se haya logrado cambiar la práctica inadecuada, ineficaz o no coste-efectiva. Conclusiones: Las recomendaciones 'Qué no hacer en la EPOC' mejorarán el manejo de esta patología al reducir las prácticas diagnósticas, terapéuticas o de cuidados que sean inadecuadas o no coste-efectivas


Objective: To identify diagnostic, therapeutic and self-care practices in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients which are inadequate, of dubious effectiveness or non cost-effective, both in stable phase and during an exacerbation. Material and Methods: The study was performed in 3 phases and designed to identify practices which do not add value or must be discouraged in the management of stable COPD and its exacerbations, and also in self-care carried out by the patients. The first phase was carried out by the Metaplan technique in which the most frequent practices which had to be clearly discouraged were rated and selected . The second phase was made through the web by a consensus conference technique that allowed to evaluate and select hierarchically recommendations based on the frequency of occurrence and intensity of the practices which were found useless or harmful. In the third phase a technical file on each of the final recommendations was created. It includes the description of the practices which must be eradicated, evidence levels and recommendation degrees, as well as indicators of the measure achieved thanks to the change in practice. Results: The results are shown in a table that summarizes ‘do not do’ practices in COPD, the frequency with which the practice is discouraged and the intensity with which the practice is inadequate, both in stable and exacerbated COPD and in practices carried out by patients. In addition, there will be a technical file developed for each recommendation with denomination, justification and evidence level of the recommendation. Indicators, permitting to evaluate collected data and the improvements reached by decreasing inadequate, ineffective or non cost-effective practices, will also be developed. Conclusions: 'Do not do' recommendations in COPD will improve the management of this patology by reducing inadequate or non cost-effective diagnostic, therapeutic or care practices


Subject(s)
Humans , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/therapy , Biomedical Enhancement/methods , Quality Improvement/organization & administration , Practice Patterns, Physicians' , Inappropriate Prescribing/prevention & control , Unnecessary Procedures , Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care , Medical Errors/prevention & control , Diagnostic Errors/prevention & control , Medication Errors/prevention & control
17.
Rev. patol. respir ; 19(3): 83-87, jul.-sept. 2016. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-157179

ABSTRACT

Introducción y objetivos: Algunas características del cáncer de pulmón han cambiado en las décadas recientes. El objetivo es conocer las características del cáncer de pulmón diagnosticado en nuestro centro. Métodos: Se analizan los casos diagnosticados entre 18/02/2008 y 18/02/2013. Se excluyen los no confirmados citohistológicamente. Resultados: En el periodo referido se diagnosticaron 307 casos, 244 (79,5%) varones y 63 (20,5%) mujeres, con una edad media de 65,37 años (DE ± 11,27). La edad media de los varones fue 66,73 ± 10,53 años y 60,14 ± 12,6 la de las mujeres (p= 0,0001). El 97% de los varones fumaba o había fumado, frente al 63% de las mujeres. La forma de presentación más frecuente fue la alteración radiológica en un paciente asintomático. El adenocarcinoma fue la estirpe tumoral más frecuente en varones y mujeres, con 117 (38,1%) casos en total, seguido del carcinoma epidermoide con 77 (25,1%) casos, y del carcinoma de célula pequeña con 58 (18,9%). Más del 65% de los pacientes con carcinoma de célula no pequeña presentaban al diagnóstico una enfermedad localmente avanzada (22,5%) o diseminada (43%). El porcentaje de enfermedad avanzada fue superior en el adenocarcinoma (71%) comparando con el carcinoma epidermoide (51%, p= 0,004). Conclusiones: El cáncer de pulmón diagnosticado en nuestro centro se caracteriza por una edad media cercana a los 65 años, un porcentaje alto de mujeres, una edad media significativamente menor en el grupo de mujeres, predominio del adenocarcinoma tanto en varones como en mujeres y un porcentaje significativamente mayor de pacientes con enfermedad avanzada entre los adenocarcinomas en comparación con los carcinomas epidermoides


Introduction and objectives: Some features of lung cancer have changed in recent decades. The objective is to find out the features of lung cancer diagnosed at our center. Methods: Cases diagnosed between 02/18/2008 y 02/18/2013 are analysed. Cases not citohistologically confirmed are excluded. Results: 307 cases were diagnosed during the study period, 244 (79.5%) men and 63 (20.5%) women, with a mean age of 65.37 years (DE ± 11.27). Mean age was 66,73 ± 10,53 years among men and 60.14 ± 12.6 among women (p= 0.0001). Among men 97% were smokers or former smokers, versus 63% of women. The most frequent way of presentation was a radiological finding in an asymptomatic patient. Adenocarcinoma was the most frequent histology among men and women, with a total of 117 (38.1%) cases, followed by squamous cell carcinoma with 77 (25.1%) cases and small cell carcinoma with 58 (18.9%). More than 65% of patients with non-small cell carcinoma presented at diagnosis with a locally advanced (22,5%) or disseminated disease (43%). The percentage of patients with advanced disease was higher among adenocarcinoma (71%) compared to squamous cell carcinoma (51%, p= 0.004). Conclusions: Lung cancer diagnosed at our center is characterized by a mean age near 65 years, a high percentage of women, a higher mean age in the group of women, adenocarcinoma as the most frequent histology among men and women and a higher percentage of patients with advanced disease among adenocarcinomas in comparison to squamous cell carcinomas


Subject(s)
Humans , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Bronchogenic/epidemiology , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/epidemiology , Small Cell Lung Carcinoma/epidemiology , Neoplasm Staging , Age and Sex Distribution , Adenocarcinoma/epidemiology , Smoking/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Epidemiology, Descriptive
18.
Rev. patol. respir ; 18(1): 11-22, ene.-mar. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-139106

ABSTRACT

El edema agudo de pulmón (EAP), fundamentalmente de origen cardiogénico, supone una importante carga asistencial en las urgencias hospitalarias, así como una importante causa de muerte. Junto a un tratamiento médico óptimo, muchas guías recomiendan el uso de CPAP o ventilación mecánica no invasiva. Aunque los meta-análisis publicados hasta ahora muestran suficiente evidencia para recomendar el uso de dispositivos ventilatorios en el edema agudo de pulmón, existe un ensayo clínico que incluye cerca de 1.000 pacientes en el que no se mostró una clara ventaja de la CPAP o la ventilación mecánica no invasiva con respecto a la oxigenoterapia en el tratamiento de estos pacientes. Esto ha generado cierta controversia en el manejo del edema agudo de pulmón con terapias ventilatorias. Como alternativa existen otros dispositivos no mecánicos, como la CPAP de Boussignac o el oxígeno con alto flujo humidificado, que en estudios iniciales parecen tener resultados similares a la CPAP o la ventilación mecánica no invasiva


Acute pulmonary edema (APE), fundamentally of cardiogenic origin, entails a significant care load in the hospital emergency services and is an important cause of death. Together with optimal medical treatment, many guidelines recommend the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or non-invasive mechanical ventilation. Although the meta-analyses published up to date show sufficient evidence to recommend the use of ventilatory devices in acute pulmonary edema, there is a clinical trial including approximately 1000 patients in which no clear advantage of the CPAP or non-invasive mechanical ventilation over oxygen therapy in the treatment of these patients was demonstrated. This has generated some controversy regarding the management of acute pulmonary edema with ventilatory therapies. As an alternative, there are other non-mechanical devices such as Boussignac CPAP or high flow humidified oxygen therapy whose results seem to be similar to CPAP or non-invasive mechanical ventilation in the initial studies


Subject(s)
Female , Humans , Male , Therapeutics/psychology , Therapeutics/standards , Edema/metabolism , Edema/pathology , Shock, Cardiogenic/genetics , Shock, Cardiogenic/metabolism , Pharmacology/instrumentation , Pharmacology/methods , Hypercapnia/metabolism , Hypercapnia/pathology , Therapeutics/instrumentation , Therapeutics/methods , Edema/complications , Edema/diagnosis , Shock, Cardiogenic/diagnosis , Shock, Cardiogenic/physiopathology , Pharmacology/classification , Pharmacology/standards , Hypercapnia/diagnosis , Hypercapnia/genetics
19.
Rev. patol. respir ; 17(4): 131-142, oct.-dic. 2014. graf, ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-130879
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