State of art of robotic prostatectomy: How do we do in Catalonia, Spain.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVE: Robotic-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy (PLAR) seems to improve functional outcomes, however there is not a consensus of a standard procedure. The aim of this study was to identify the PLAR "state of art" in Catalonia, Spain. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey-based study conducted among urologists across Catalonia, Spain. The survey was distributed through online platforms and the professional urology society. All statistical analyses were performed using Stata software, v20. RESULTS: 59 urologists completed the survey, revealing PLAR as the most commonly used technique (79.7%). Most urologist (70%) create the pneumoperitoneum using a controlled incision with direct access and 78.3% use the Airseal technology. The intraperitoneal approach is performed in >90% of cases. Endopelvic fascia preservation is not routinely performed. 34.5% of the survey not perform the dorsal vein complex suture. All preserves the bladder neck when oncologically safe. Nerve-vascular bundles bleeding control is performed using standard coagulation or suturing. 34% performed posterior reconstruction. Only use hemostatic devices when evident bleeding and 70% does not routinely left a drainage. Multivariable analysis showed that center volume had a significant independent association with dorsal venous complex suturing (OR 0.073, 95%CI 0.07-0.826), nerve-vascular bundles suturing hemostasis (OR 11.67, 95%CI 1.07-127.60) and endopelvic fascia preservation (OR 13.64, 95%CI 1.087-201.27), but there was no correlation with time the bladder catheter or days hospitalized. CONCLUSIONS: The study provides an overview of the state of PLAR in Catalonia, Spain, showing significant variability and reflecting a commitment to advancing surgical technology and patient care.

Revisión sistemática de los métodos para incrementar la eficacia de la resonancia magnética en el diagnóstico precoz de cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo / Systematic review of methods used to improve the efficacy of magnetic resonance in early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer

Contexto y objetivo El cáncer de próstata (CP) es la neoplasia maligna con mayor incidencia a nivel mundial después del cáncer de pulmón. El objetivo de este estudio es revisar la literatura para conocer qué métodos permiten mejorar la eficacia de la estrategia actual de diagnóstico precoz del CP clínicamente significativo (csCP), basada en la realización de la resonancia magnética (RM) y biopsias dirigidas cuando se detectan lesiones sospechosas, además de la biopsia sistemática. Adquisición de la evidencia Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, Web of Science y Cochrane según los criterios Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA), utilizando los términos de búsqueda: RM multiparamétrica, RM biparamétrica, densidad de antígeno prostático específico (PSA), prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3), Prostate Health Index (PHI), 4 K score, cáncer de próstata, diagnóstico precoz. Se identificaron 297 referencias y, a través de los criterios de selección Participants, Interventions, Comparisons and Outcomes (PICO), se seleccionaron 21 publicaciones para sintetizar la evidencia. Síntesis de la evidencia Con la consolidación de la RM como prueba de elección el diagnóstico del CP, la densidad de PSA (DPSA) es una herramienta de gran importancia incluyéndose en nomogramas predictores, sin coste añadido. La PSAD y los biomarcadores, en asociación con la RM, ofrecen un poder diagnóstico elevado con un área bajo la curva (ABC) por encima del 0,7. Únicamente, el modelo SHTLM3 integra biomarcadores en la elaboración de un nomograma. Los modelos predictores ofrecen una eficacia constante en las diferentes series, con un ABC superior a 0,8 en asociación con la RM. Conclusiones La eficacia de la RM, para diagnosticar el csCP, se puede mejorar con diferentes parámetros con el objetivo de generar modelos predictivos que apoyen la toma de decisiones (AU)

Background and Objective Prostate cancer (PC) is the malignant neoplasm with the highest incidence after lung cancer worldwide. The objective of this study is to review the literature on the methods that improve the efficacy of the current strategy for the early diagnosis of clinically significant PC (csPC), based on the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (RM) and targeted biopsies when suspicious lesions are detected, in addition to systematic biopsy. Evidence acquisition A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane according to the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), using the search terms: multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers in prostate cancer, prostate cancer y early diagnosis. A total of 297 references were identified and, using the PICO selection criteria, 21 publications were finally selected to synthesize the evidence. Evidence synthesis With the consolidation of MRI as the test of choice for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the role of PSA density (PSAD) becomes relevant as a predictive tool included in prediction nomograms, without added cost. PSAD and diagnostic markers, combined with MRI, offer a high diagnostic power with an area under curve (AUC) above 0,7. Only the SHTLM3 model integrates markers in the creation of a nomogram. Prediction models also offer consistent efficacy with an AUC greater than 0,8 when associating MRI. Conclusions The efficacy of MRI in clinically significant prostate cancer detection can be improved with different parameters in order to generate predictive models that support decision making (AU)

Systematic review of methods used to improve the efficacy of magnetic resonance in early detection of clinically significant prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer (PC) is the malignant neoplasm with the highest incidence after lung cancer worldwide. The objective of this study is to review the literature on the methods that improve the efficacy of the current strategy for the early diagnosis of clinically significant PC (csPC), based on the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (RM) and targeted biopsies when suspicious lesions are detected, in addition to systematic biopsy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic literature review was performed in PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane according to the PRISMA criteria (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), using the search terms: multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biparametric magnetic resonance imaging, biomarkers in prostate cancer, prostate cancer y early diagnosis. A total of 297 references were identified and, using the PICO selection criteria, 21 publications were finally selected to synthesize the evidence. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: With the consolidation of MRI as the test of choice for the diagnosis of prostate cancer, the role of PSA density (PSAD) becomes relevant as a predictive tool included in prediction nomograms, without added cost. PSAD and diagnostic markers, combined with MRI, offer a high diagnostic power with an area under curve (AUC) above 0.7. Only the SHTLM3 model integrates markers in the creation of a nomogram. Prediction models also offer consistent efficacy with an AUC greater than 0.8 when associating MRI. CONCLUSIONS: The efficacy of MRI in clinically significant prostate cancer detection can be improved with different parameters in order to generate predictive models that support decision making.

Definición de continencia y factores pronósticos para la recuperación temprana de la continencia urinaria en la prostatectomía radical robótica con reconstrucción posterior del rabdoesfínter. Análisis post hoc de un ensayo clínico aleatorizado / Continence definition and prognostic factors for early urinary continence recovery in posterior rhabdosphincter reconstruction after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial

Introducción La incontinencia urinaria después de la prostatectomía radical es un efecto adverso con gran impacto en la calidad de vida. Actualmente no disponemos de medidas estandarizadas para su evaluación. La reconstrucción posterior del rabdoesfínter (RPR) puede mejorar la incontinencia urinaria precoz. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar diferentes definiciones y factores pronósticos de continencia urinaria precoz después de prostatectomía radical robótica (PRR).Materiales y métodos Realizamos un ensayo clínico aleatorizado (NCT03302169) incluyendo 152 pacientes con cáncer de próstata localizado sometidos a PRR y aleatorizados en anastomosis uretrovesical simple (grupo control) y RPR previa a la anastomosis (grupo RPR). La continencia urinaria se evaluó mediante cuestionarios específicos (EPIC-26 y ICIQ-SF), y la utilización de compresas (0-1 compresa y 0 compresas) a los 7, 15, 30, 90, 180 y 365 días tras la retirada de la sonda vesical. Se analizaron factores predictores para recuperación de continencia urinaria precoz.Resultados Se incluyeron 72 pacientes en el grupo control y 80 en el grupo RPR. Las características basales fueron similares entre grupos excepto el índice de masa corporal, mayor en el grupo RPR. La definición «0 compresas» fue la única que demostró beneficio de la RPR a los 30 días, con continencia del 33,8% en el grupo RPR y 18,1% en el grupo control, p=0,022, y a los 90 días, 58,8% y 43,1%, respectivamente, p=0,038. Los cuestionarios no mostraron diferencias entre grupos. La RPR fue el único factor predictor de continencia urinaria precoz.Conclusiones La RPR mejora las tasas de continencia urinaria precoz, pero la definición de continencia es determinante. El único factor predictor de continencia urinaria precoz fue la RPR (AU)

Introduction Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy (RP) is an adverse event with high impact on patient's quality of life. Nowadays there is no standardized method for urinary continence measurement. Posterior rhabdosphincter reconstruction (PRR) is a surgical step that can improve early urinary continence after RP. Our objective was to analyse different continence definitions and predictors of urinary continence recovery after robot-assisted RP (RARP).Materials and methods We conducted a double-blind, randomised controlled trial (NCT03302169) including 152 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer subjected to RARP. Patients were randomised to single urethrovesical anastomosis (control arm) or PRR before urethrovesical anastomosis (PRR arm). Urinary continence was measured with the EPIC-26 and ICIQ-SF validated questionnaires, and pad use (0-1 pads and no pads), at 7, 15, 30, 90, 180 and 365 days after catheter removal. Prognostic factors for early urinary continence recovery were analysed.Results 72 patients were included in the control arm and 80 in the PRR arm. Baseline characteristics were similar between arms, except body mass index, which was higher in PRR arm. “No pad” was the only definition assessing the benefit of PRR at 30 days, 33.8% in PRR arm and 18.1% in control arm, p=0.022; and at 90 days, 58.8 and 43.1% respectively, p=0.038. Questionnaires did not detect differences in terms of continence recovery. PRR was the only predictor for early continence recovery, p=0.03.Conclusions PRR increased early urinary continence recovery after RARP. Continence definition was critical to assess benefit. The only predictive factor for early continence recovery was PRR (AU)

Continence definition and prognostic factors for early urinary continence recovery in posterior rhabdosphincter reconstruction after robot-assisted radical prostatectomy. Post-hoc analysis of a randomised controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: Urinary incontinence after radical prostatectomy (RP) is an adverse event with high impact on patient's quality of life. Nowadays there is no standardized method for urinary continence measurement. Posterior rhabdosphincter reconstruction (PRR) is a surgical step that can improve early urinary continence after RP. Our objective was to analyse different continence definitions and predictors of urinary continence recovery after robot-assisted RP (RARP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a double-blind, randomised controlled trial (NCT03302169) including 152 consecutive patients with localized prostate cancer subjected to RARP. Patients were randomised to single urethrovesical anastomosis (control arm) or PRR before urethrovesical anastomosis (PRR arm). Urinary continence was measured with the EPIC-26 and ICIQ-SF validated questionnaires, and pad use (0-1 pads and no pads), at 7, 15, 30, 90, 180 and 365 days after catheter removal. Prognostic factors for early urinary continence recovery were analysed. RESULTS: 72 patients were included in the control arm and 80 in the PRR arm. Baseline characteristics were similar between arms, except body mass index, which was higher in PRR arm. "No pad" was the only definition assessing the benefit of PRR at 30 days, 33.8% in PRR arm and 18.1% in control arm, p = 0.022; and at 90 days, 58.8 and 43.1% respectively, p = 0.038. Questionnaires did not detect differences in terms of continence recovery. PRR was the only predictor for early continence recovery, p = 0.03. CONCLUSIONS: PRR increased early urinary continence recovery after RARP. Continence definition was critical to assess benefit. The only predictive factor for early continence recovery was PRR.

Valor actual de los hallazgos histológicos de biopsias de próstata negativas en la predicción del riesgo futuro de cáncer de próstata clínicamente significativo / The current value of histological findings in negative prostate biopsies to predict the future risk of clinically significant prostate cancer

Introducción: Se recomienda realizar una biopsia prostática (PBx) de repetición ante una sospecha persistente de cáncer de próstata (PCa) o cuando se identifica proliferación acinar atípica (ASAP), neoplasia intraepitelial de alto grado (HGPIN) extensa (≥3 zonas de biopsia) o HGPIN con células atípicas sospechosas de adenocarcinoma (PIN-ATYP). Actualmente se recomienda realizar una resonancia magnética multiparamétrica (mpMRI) y PBx guiada por mpMRI (MRI-TBx) en una PBx de repetición. Nuestro objetivo fue analizar el valor actual para predecir el riesgo de PCa clínicamente significativo (csPCa) del hallazgo de ASAP, mHGPIN, PIN-ATYP y otros hallazgos histológicos.MétodosSe realizó un análisis retrospectivo de 377 PBx de repetición. Se realizó MRI-TBx cuando la puntuación PI-RADS fue≥3 y PBX sistemáticas de 12 cilindros guiadas por ecografía transrectal (TRUS) cuando fue≤2. ASAP, HGPIN, HGPIN multifocal (mHGPIN), PIN-ATYP y otros 8 hallazgos histológicos fueron reportados prospectivamente en las PBx negativas. El csPCa fue definido como grado ISUP≥2.ResultadosLa incidencia de ASAP, mHGPIN y PIN-ATYP fue 4,2%, 39,7% y 3,7% respectivamente, y la tasa de csPCa fue estadísticamente similar en los pacientes con estos hallazgos histológicos. Sin embargo, las tasas de csPCa con atrofia proliferativa inflamatoria (PIA) presente y ausente fueron 22,2% y 36,1%, respectivamente. La PIA fue el único hallazgo histológico que predijo un menor riesgo de csPCa, con OR de 0,54 (IC 95%: 0,308-0,945, p=0,031). La PIA fue, también, un factor predictor independiente en un modelo combinando variables clínicas y mpMRI, que obtuvo un área bajo la curva de 0,86 (95% IC: 0,83-0,90).ConclusionesLa PIA resultó ser el único hallazgo histológico predictor del riesgo de csPCa, y puede contribuir en un modelo predictivo; mHGPIN no fue predictor de riesgo de csPCa. La baja incidencia de ASAP (4,2%) y PIN-ATYP (3,7%) impidió que pudiéramos obtener conclusiones sobre estas lesiones. (AU)

Introduction: Repeat prostate biopsy (PBx) is recommended under persistent suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) or in the face of the following findings: atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP), extense (≥3 biopsy sites) high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN), or HGPIN with atypical glands, suspicious for adenocarcinoma (PIN-ATYP). Nowadays, multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and mpMRI targeted PBx (MRI-TBx) are recommended in repeat PBx. Our objective was to analyze the current value of ASAP, mHGPIN, PIN-ATYP and other histological findings to predict clinically significant PCa (csPCa) risk.MethodsRetrospective analysis of 377 repeat PBxs. MRI-TBx was performed when Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score>3 and 12-core transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) systematic PBx when≤2. ASAP, HGPIN, mHGPIN, PIN-ATYP, and 8 other histological findings were prospectively reported in negative PBx. CsPCa was defined as ISUP group grade>2.ResultsIncidence of ASAP, multifocal HGPIN (mHGPIN) and PINATYP was 4.2%, 39.7% and 3.7% respectively, and csPCa rate was statistically similar among men with these histological findings. However, the rate of csPCa was 22.2% when proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) was present, and 36.1% when it was not. PIA was the only histological finding which predicted lower risk of csPCa, with an OR of .54 (95% CI: .308-.945, P=.031). In addition, PIA was an independent predictor of a model combining clinical variables and mpMRI which reached area under de ROC curve of .86 (95% CI: .83-.90).ConclusionsPIA emerged as the only predictive histological finding of csPCa risk and can contribute to a predictive model. mHGPIN failed to predict csPCa risk. The low incidence of ASAP (4.2%) and PIN-ATYP (3.7%) prevented us from drawing conclusions. (AU)

The current value of histological findings in negative prostate biopsies to predict the future risk of clinically significant prostate cancer.

BACKGROUND: Repeat prostate biopsy (PBx) is recommended under persistent suspicion of prostate cancer (PCa) or in the face of the following findings: atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP); extense (≥3 biopsy sites) high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN); or HGPIN with atypical glands; suspicious for adenocarcinoma (PIN-ATYP). Nowadays; multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI) and mpMRI targeted PBx (MRI-TBx) are recommended in repeat PBx. Our objective was to analyze the current value of ASAP; mHGPIN; PIN-ATYP and other histological findings to predict clinically significant PCa (csPCa) risk. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of 377 repeat PBxs. MRI-TBx was performed when Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) score >3 and 12-core transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) systematic PBx when ≤2. ASAP; HGPIN; mHGPIN; PIN-ATYP; and 8 other histological findings were prospectively reported in negative PBx. CsPCa was defined as ISUP group grade >2. RESULTS: Incidence of ASAP; multifocal HGPIN (mHGPIN) and PINATYP was 4.2%; 39.7% and 3.7% respectively; and csPCa rate was statistically similar among men with these histological findings. However; the rate of csPCa was 22.2% when proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) was present; and 36.1% when it was not. PIA was the only histological finding which predicted lower risk of csPCa; with an OR of 0.54 (95%CI: 0.308-0.945; P = .031). In addition; PIA was an independent predictor of a model combining clinical variables and mpMRI which reached area under de ROC curve of 0.86 (95%CI: 0.83-0.90). CONCLUSION: PIA emerged as the only predictive histological finding of csPCa risk and can contribute to a predictive model. mHGPIN failed to predict csPCa risk. The low incidence of ASAP (4.2%) and PIN-ATYP (3.7%) prevented us from drawing conclusions.

Papel del antígeno prostático específico ante las nuevas evidencias científicas, una nueva actualización en 2020 / The role of prostate-specific antigen in light of new scientific evidence: An update in 2020

OBJETIVO: Revisar y actualizar las últimas evidencias científicas que se han producido en los últimos años con respecto al antígeno prostático específico (PSA) para su mejor aplicación en la práctica clínica habitual. ADQUISICIÓN DE EVIDENCIA: Análisis de la evidencia disponible acerca del papel actual del PSA, según la consideración de un panel de expertos que recoge su experiencia en el tema analizado. SÍNTESIS DE EVIDENCIA: Actualmente no puede considerarse el PSA únicamente un elemento orientativo en cuanto a la presencia o no de cáncer de próstata, sino que esta determinación ayuda al urólogo a indicar cuál es el tratamiento más conveniente ante un paciente con hipertrofia prostática benigna (HPB) como criterio de progresión de la enfermedad, así como a sospechar la existencia de un tumor prostático cuando la cifra de PSA se eleva > 0,3 ng/ml en pacientes bajo tratamiento con un inhibidor de la 5-alfa-reductasa sobre la cifra alcanzada a los 6 meses de haber iniciado dicho tratamiento. Sin embargo, los límites de este aumento del PSA con derivados de inhibidores de la 5-alfa-reductasa alternativos a la dutasterida están en controversia. Por otro lado, el PSA resulta clave para el seguimiento de pacientes tratados de un carcinoma prostático en cualquier estadio y con cualquier opción (cirugía, radioterapia o terapias focales u hormonoterapia), para definir recidiva bioquímica, sospechar la existencia de recidiva local o a distancia, así como para plantear o descartar tratamientos adyuvantes. Por último, recientemente se ha reforzado el papel del PSA como herramienta de cribado, demostrando unas tasas de aumento de mortalidad o de existencia de casos más agresivos de cáncer de próstata en aquellos países donde se ha disminuido el uso de esta herramienta. CONCLUSIONES: Ofrecemos nuevos datos acerca del papel actual del PSA en el manejo de pacientes tratados por HPB y/o cáncer de próstata que deben tenerse en cuenta en la práctica clínica habitual, haciendo especial hincapié en el papel relevante de este biomarcador en el cribado y seguimiento del cáncer de próstata, así como en la progresión de la HPB en tratamiento con dutasterida

OBJECTIVE: To review and update the latest scientific evidence gathered in recent years regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for better implementation into routine clinical practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Analysis of the available evidence on the current role of PSA, based on the experience of an expert panel in the subject under analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Currently, PSA cannot be considered only as a guide for the presence or absence of prostate cancer. This determination can also help the urologist to decide on the most convenient treatment for a patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) as a criterion for disease progression, and it can also suggest the suspicious existence of a prostatic tumor when there is PSA rise of > 0.3 ng/ml over the level reached 6 months after having initiated treatment with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. However, the limits of this PSA rise with derivatives of alternative 5-alpha-reductase (5-ARI) inhibitors to dutasteride are controversial. Moreover, PSA is a key factor for the follow-up of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma at any stage who have received treatment (surgery, radiotherapy or focal therapies, hormone therapy), it acts as a guide to identify biochemical recurrence, to suspect the existence of local or distant recurrence, as well as to propose or discard adjuvant treatments. Finally, the role of PSA as a screening tool has been recently reinforced, demonstrating increased mortality rates or the existence of more aggressive cases of prostate cancer in those countries where the use of this tool has declined. CONCLUSIONS: We present new data about the current role of PSA in the management of patients treated for BPH and/or prostate cancer that should be implemented into routine clinical practice, with special emphasis on the relevant role of this biomarker in the screening and follow-up of prostate cancer, as well as in the progression of BPH in dutasteride treatment

The role of prostate-specific antigen in light of new scientific evidence: An update in 2020. / Papel del antígeno prostático específico ante las nuevas evidencias científicas, una nueva actualización en 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To review and update the latest scientific evidence gathered in recent years regarding prostate-specific antigen (PSA) for better implementation into routine clinical practice. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Analysis of the available evidence on the current role of PSA, based on the experience of an expert panel in the subject under analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Currently, PSA cannot be considered only as a guide for the presence or absence of prostate cancer. This determination can also help the urologist to decide on the most convenient treatment for a patient with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH) as a criterion for disease progression, and it can also suggest the suspicious existence of a prostatic tumor when there is PSA rise of>0.3 ng/ml over the level reached 6 months after having initiated treatment with 5-alpha-reductase inhibitor. However, the limits of this PSA rise with derivatives of alternative 5-alpha-reductase (5-ARI) inhibitors to dutasteride are controversial. Moreover, PSA is a key factor for the follow-up of patients with prostate adenocarcinoma at any stage who have received treatment (surgery, radiotherapy or focal therapies, hormone therapy), it acts as a guide to identify biochemical recurrence, to suspect the existence of local or distant recurrence, as well as to propose or discard adjuvant treatments. Finally, the role of PSA as a screening tool has been recently reinforced, demonstrating increased mortality rates or the existence of more aggressive cases of prostate cancer in those countries where the use of this tool has declined. CONCLUSIONS: We present new data about the current role of PSA in the management of patients treated for BPH and/or prostate cancer that should be implemented into routine clinical practice, with special emphasis on the relevant role of this biomarker in the screening and follow-up of prostate cancer, as well as in the progression of BPH in dutasteride treatment.

Current status of genetic urinary biomarkers for surveillance of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Genetic biomarkers are a promising and growing field in the management of bladder cancer in all stages. The aim of this paper is to understand the role of genetic urinary biomarkers in the follow up of patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer where there is increasing evidence that they can play a role in avoiding invasive techniques. METHODS: Following PRISMA criteria, we have performed a systematic review. The search yielded 164 unique articles, of which 21 articles were included involving a total of 7261 patients. Sixteen of the articles were DNA based biomarkers, analyzing different methylations, microsatellite aberrations and gene mutations. Five articles studied the role of RNA based biomarkers, based on measuring levels of different combinations of mRNA. QUADAS2 critical evaluation of each paper has been reported. RESULTS: There are not randomized control trials comparing any biomarker with the gold standard follow-up, and the level of evidence is 2B in almost all the studies. Negative predictive value varies between 55 and 98.5%, being superior in RNA based biomarkers. CONCLUSIONS: Although cystoscopy and cytology are the gold standard for non muscle invasive bladder cancer surveillance, genetic urinary biomarkers are a promising tool to avoid invasive explorations to the patients with a safe profile of similar sensitivity and negative predictive value. The accuracy that genetic biomarkers can offer should be taken into account to modify the paradigm of surveillance in non muscle invasive bladder cancer patients, especially in high-risk ones where many invasive explorations are recommended and biomarkers experiment better results.

Análisis de la expresión nuclear de pSer727-STAT3 como factor pronóstico en pacientes con carcinoma renal de células claras / Analysis of the nuclear expression of pSer727-STAT3 as a prognostic factor in patients with clear cell renal carcinoma

INTRODUCCIÓN: Actualmente no existe ningún marcador pronóstico para el carcinoma renal de células claras (CRCC). La proteína STAT3 (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) está implicada en la carcinogénesis del CRCC. Su activación se produce mediante fosforilación del residuo serina 727, translocándose al núcleo donde participa en la carcinogénesis y progresión tumoral. El objetivo primario del estudio fue evaluar la supervivencia cáncer-específica en una serie de 166 pacientes afectos de CRCC, y su posterior correlación con la expresión de pSer727-STAT3 como marcador pronóstico de CRCC. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Realizamos un estudio retrospectivo en 166 pacientes con CRCC intervenidos mediante nefrectomía parcial o radical entre 2000 y 2010. Se construyó un microarray de tejido tumoral y se analizó la expresión inmunohistoquímica de pSer727-STAT3. La variable principal del estudio fue la supervivencia cáncer-específica. RESULTADOS: El grupo de riesgo según la UICC fue en 78 pacientes (47%) bajo, en 52 (31,3%) intermedio y en 36 (21,7%) alto; 11 pacientes (6,7%) debutaron con enfermedad metastásica. Durante un seguimiento medio de 97,2 meses (1-208), 37 pacientes (22,3%) desarrollaron recurrencia local y/o a distancia. La mortalidad cáncer-específica fue del 28,3% y la mortalidad global del 67,5%. La expresión media de pSer727-STAT3 fue de 92,9 (IC 95%:84,6-101,1) sin observarse relación con grupos de riesgo u otros factores pronósticos. En un análisis de regresión logística de Cox, pSer727-STAT3 no se comportó como un predictor independiente de mortalidad cáncer-específica. Sin embargo, en pacientes de alto riesgo y metastásicos, la supervivencia cáncer-específica fue significativamente mayor cuando la expresión de pSer727-STAT3 fue inferior a 110, HR: 5,4 (IC 96%:1,8-16,4) y HR: 2,3 (IC 95%: 1,1-4,6) respectivamente, p > 0,001. CONCLUSIONES: pSer727-STAT3 no es un marcador de supervivencia en los pacientes con CRCC. Sin embargo, en pacientes de alto riesgo, es un marcador de supervivencia cáncer-específica, incluso en pacientes metastásicos que reciben tratamiento con antiangiogénicos

INTRODUCTION: Currently, clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRCC) has no prognostic markers. STAT3 protein (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) is involved in the carcinogenesis of CCRCC. Its activation is produced by phosphorylation of the serine 727 residue, translocating to the nucleus where it is involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate cancer-specific survival rates in a series of 166 patients with CCRCC, and its subsequent correlation with the expression of pSer727-STAT3 as a prognostic marker of CCRCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 166 patients with CCRCC undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy between 2000 and 2010. A tumor tissue microarray was constructed for immunohistochemical analysis of pSer727-STAT3 expression. The main variable of the study was cancer-specific survival. RESULTS: Patients were classified according to the UICC risk groups as follows: low in 78 patients (47%), intermediate in 52 (31.3%) and high 36 (21.7%); 11 patients (6.7%) were diagnosed with metastatic disease. During a mean follow-up of 97.2 months (1-208), 37 patients (22.3%) developed local and/or distant recurrence. Cancer-specific and overall mortality rates were 28.3% and 67.5%, respectively. The mean expression of pSer727-STAT3 was 92.9 (95% CI: 84.6-101.1) without showing any relationship with risk groups or other prognostic factors. In a Cox logistic regression analysis, pSer727-STAT3 did not behave as an independent predictor of cancer-specific mortality. However, in high-risk and metastatic patients, cancer-specific survival was significantly higher when the expression of pSer727-STAT3 was lower than 110, HR: 5.4 (96% CI: 1.8-16.4) and HR: 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1-4.6) respectively, P<.001. CONCLUSIONS: pSer727-STAT3 is not a survival marker in patients with CCRCC. However, it is a cancer-specific survival marker in high-risk patients, even in metastatic patients undergoing treatment with antiangiogenic agents

Analysis of the nuclear expression of pSer727-STAT3 as a prognostic factor in patients with clear cell renal carcinoma. / Análisis de la expresión nuclear de pSer727-STAT3 como factor pronóstico en pacientes con carcinoma renal de células claras.

INTRODUCTION: Currently, clear cell renal carcinoma (CCRCC) has no prognostic markers. STAT3 protein (Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3) is involved in the carcinogenesis of CCRCC. Its activation is produced by phosphorylation of the serine 727 residue, translocating to the nucleus where it is involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The primary objective of the study was to evaluate cancer-specific survival rates in a series of 166 patients with CCRCC, and its subsequent correlation with the expression of pSer727-STAT3 as a prognostic marker of CCRCC. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective study on 166 patients with CCRCC undergoing partial or radical nephrectomy between 2000 and 2010. A tumor tissue microarray was constructed for immunohistochemical analysis of pSer727-STAT3 expression. The main variable of the study was cancer-specific survival. RESULTS: Patients were classified according to the UICC risk groups as follows: low in 78 patients (47%), intermediate in 52 (31.3%) and high 36 (21.7%); 11 patients (6.7%) were diagnosed with metastatic disease. During a mean follow-up of 97.2 months (1-208), 37 patients (22.3%) developed local and/or distant recurrence. Cancer-specific and overall mortality rates were 28.3% and 67.5%, respectively. The mean expression of pSer727-STAT3 was 92.9 (95% CI: 84.6-101.1) without showing any relationship with risk groups or other prognostic factors. In a Cox logistic regression analysis, pSer727-STAT3 did not behave as an independent predictor of cancer-specific mortality. However, in high-risk and metastatic patients, cancer-specific survival was significantly higher when the expression of pSer727-STAT3 was lower than 110, HR: 5.4 (96% CI: 1.8-16.4) and HR: 2.3 (95% CI: 1.1-4.6) respectively, P<.001. CONCLUSIONS: pSer727-STAT3 is not a survival marker in patients with CCRCC. However, it is a cancer-specific survival marker in high-risk patients, even in metastatic patients undergoing treatment with antiangiogenic agents.

Variaciones de la prostatectomía radical para una recuperación de la continencia urinaria precoz: una revisión sistemática / Early continence after radical prostatectomy: A systematic review

Contexto y objetivo: La incontinencia urinaria es el efecto secundario con mayor impacto en la calidad de vida después de la prostatectomía radical. El objetivo de nuestro artículo es revisar la evidencia científica actual sobre las variaciones quirúrgicas descritas para preservar la continencia urinaria después de la prostatectomía radical. Adquisición de la evidencia: Se realizó una revisión sistemática de la literatura en PubMed, Cochrane y ScienceDirect según los criterios PRISMA (Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses), utilizando los términos: urinary continence, urinary incontinence, urinary leakage, radical prostatectomy, open radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic prostatectomy, robot assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, robotic prostatectomy y los criterios de selección PICO. Se identificaron 1.603 referencias de las que se seleccionaron 27 publicaciones que cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, 6 fueron ensayos clínicos aleatorizados y 4 metaanálisis. Síntesis de la evidencia: Las técnicas más empleadas para alcanzar una continencia urinaria precoz son la preservación del cuello vesical, de las bandeletas neurovasculares y la reconstrucción del rabdoesfínter, siendo esta la técnica con mayor evidencia, ya que existen 3 ensayos clínicos aleatorizados. Pese que algunas variaciones técnicas han conseguido mejorías en los resultados funcionales, la ausencia de consenso en la definición de incontinencia urinaria y la manera de evaluarla no permiten elaborar recomendaciones técnicas basadas en evidencia científica de calidad. Conclusiones: La reconstrucción del rabdoesfínter es la única técnica que ha demostrado mejoría en la recuperación precoz de la continencia urinaria tras la prostatectomía radical. La evidencia científica actual es heterogénea y limitada, por lo que son necesarios estudios aleatorizados bien diseñados para evaluar las modificaciones técnicas

Background and objective: Urinary incontinence is the adverse effect with more impact on patients’ quality of life after undergoing radical prostatectomy. The objective of this study is to review the present evidence that describes the variations on surgical techniques which aim to preserve urinary continence after radical prostatectomy. Evidence acquisition: We searched the literature on PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) statement, using the PICO review protocol. The search terms were urinary continence, urinary incontinence, urinary leakage, radical prostatectomy, open radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic prostatectomy, robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, robotic prostatectomy. We identified 1,603 registers, and 27 articles were reviewed for meeting the inclusion criteria. Six of them are randomized clinical trials and 4 of them, meta-analysis. Evidence synthesis: The surgical techniques more frequently used to achieve early urinary continence are bladder neck and neurovascular bundles preservation, as well as the reconstruction of the rhabdosphincter. The latter has been presented in three randomized clinical trials. Even though some approaches have obtained improved functional outcomes, the lack of consensus on the definition of urinary incontinence and its measurement methods have not advocated for the creation of technical recommendations based on scientific evidence. Conclusions: The reconstruction of the rhabdosphincter is the only technique that has shown improved functional results through randomized trials. The current evidence is limited and heterogenous, and more studies with consistent criteria are needed in order to establish a standard surgical technique

Estudio comparativo de diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas para el manejo del uréter distal durante la nefroureterectomía laparoscópica / A comparative study of different surgical techniques for the management of distal ureter during laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy

Objetivos: Comparar los resultados oncológicos de dos técnicas quirúrgicas abiertas y dos endoscópicas para el manejo del uréter distal durante nefroureterectomía laparoscópica (NUL). Material y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de 152 pacientes sometidos a NUL por tumor del tramo urinario superior entre 2007 y 2014. Se analizó el potencial impacto de distintas técnicas de desinserción abierta (extravesical vs. intravesical) y endoscópica (resección meato con evacuación de fragmentos vs. rodete perimeático) sobre el desarrollo de recidiva vesical, extraurotelial y supervivencia cáncer-específica (SCE). Resultados: Un total de 152 pacientes con edad media de 69,9 años (±10,1) fueron sometidos a NUL. Se reportaron 62 pTa-T1 (41%), 35 pT2 (23%) y 55 pT3-4 (36%). Treinta y dos fueron bajo grado (21,1%) y 120 alto grado (78,9%). Se realizó desinserción endoscópica en 89 casos (58,5%), 32 con resección (36%) y 57 con rodete (64%), y abierta en 63 (41,5%), 42 intravesical (66,7%) y 21 extravesical (33,3%). Con mediana de seguimiento de 32 meses (3-120), 38 pacientes (25%) desarrollaron recidiva vesical, 42 extraurotelial (27,6%) y 34 murieron por tumor (22,4%). En el análisis univariante, el tipo de técnica endoscópica no se relacionó con recidiva vesical (p = 0,961), extraurotelial (p = 0,955) ni SCE (p = 0,802). El abordaje abierto extravesical no se relacionó con recidiva vesical (p = 0,12) pero sí con aumento de recidiva extraurotelial (p = 0,045) y menor SCE (p = 0,034) respecto al intravesical. Conclusiones: El subtipo de desinserción endoscópica no influye en los resultados de la NUL. La desinserción abierta extravesical es una técnica más compleja que la intravesical y podría empeorar los resultados oncológicos

Objectives: To compare the oncological outcomes between two open surgical techniques and two endoscopic approaches for the management of the distal ureter during laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (LRNU). Material and methods: Retrospective review of 152 patients submitted to LRNU for the management of upper urinary tract tumors between 2007-2014. We analyzed the potential impact of two different open surgical (extravesical vs intravesical) and two endoscopic (resection of ureteral orifice and fragment removal vs endoscopic bladder cuff) techniques on the development of bladder recurrence, distant/local recurrence and cancer-specific survival (CSS). Results: A total of 152 patients with a mean age of 69.9 years (±10.1) underwent LRNU. We reported 62 pTa-T1 (41%), 35 pT2 (23%) and 55 pT3-4 (36%). Thirty-two were low grade (21.1%) and 120 high grade (78.9%). An endoscopic approach was performed in 89 cases (58.5%), 32 with resection (36%) and 57 with bladder cuff (64%), and open approach in 63 (41.5%), 42 intravesical (66.7%) and 21 extravesical (33.3%). Within a median follow-up of 32 months (3-120), 38 patients (25%) developed bladder recurrence, 42 distant/local recurrence (27.6%) and 34 died of tumor (22.4%). In the univariate analysis, the type of endoscopic technique was not related to bladder recurrence (P = .961), distant/local recurrence (P = .955) nor CSS (P = .802). The open extravesical approach was not related to bladder recurrence (P = .12) but increased distant/local recurrence (P = .045) and decreased CSS (P = .034) compared to intravesical approach. Conclusions: LRNU outcomes are not dependant on the type of endoscopic approach performed. The open extravesical approach is a more difficult technique and could worsen the oncological outcomes when compared to the intravesical

Las biopsias de próstata dirigidas ¿están listas para reemplazar las biopsias de próstata sistemáticas? / Are targeted prostate biopsies ready to replace systematic prostate biopsies?

Objetivos: Evaluar la eficacia y la eficiencia de la biopsia prostática sistemática (BPS) y la biopsia de próstata por fusión cognitiva (BPFC) para diagnosticar el cáncer de próstata (CaP) y el CaP significativo (CaPs) y analizar si la BPFC podría reemplazar con seguridad a la BPS. Material y métodos: Una cohorte de 314 hombres consecutivos que tenían PI-RADS ≥2 en una biopsia previa 3T resonancia magnética multiparamétrica se sometieron prospectivamente a BPFC ecográfica transrectal (dos núcleos por área sospechosa hasta un máximo de tres áreas) y una BPS de 12 núcleos periféricos. Se consideró CaPs cuando el grado de la OMS fue superior a 2 (Gleason 4 + 3 o superior). Resultados: Se diagnosticó CaP en 133 pacientes (42,4%), de los que 83 (62,4%) fueron CaPs. La BPS detectó CaP en 114 hombres (85,7%) y BPFC en 103 (77,4%), p < 0,001. La BPS detectó CaPs en 64 hombres (77,1%) y BPFC en 71 (85,5%), p < 0,001. En 52 de los 81 hombres (64,2%) se detectó CaPs en BPS y BPFC. En 19 hombres solo se detectó CaPs en BPFC (23,5%), mientras que en 10 solo se detectó en BPS (12,3%). Se necesitaron 33,1 núcleos para diagnosticar un CaP en BPS y 8,5 en BPFC, p < 0,001. 58,9 núcleos fueron necesarios para diagnosticar un CaPs en BPS y 12,4 en BPFC, p < 0,001. Conclusiones: Las BPFC son más efectivas y también más eficientes que las BPS para detectar CaPs. Sin embargo, las BPFC aún no pueden reemplazar las BPS de manera segura porque no pueden detectar hasta el 15% de los CaPs

Objectives: To evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of systematic prostatic biopsy (SPB) and cognitive fusion PB (CFPB) to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa) and significant PCa (SPCa), and to analyse if CFPB could safely replace SPB. Material and methods: A cohort of 314 consecutive men having PI-RADS ≥ 2 in a pre-biopsy 3T mp-MRI were prospectively subjected to trans-rectal ultrasound CFPB (two cores per suspicious area until a maximum of three areas) and a 12 peripheral core SPB. SPCa was considered when the WHO grade was higher than 2 (Gleason 4+3 or higher). Results: PCa was diagnosed in 133 patients (42.4%), being 83 (62.4%) SPCa. SPB detected PCa in 114 men (85.7%) while CFPB in 103 (77.4%), P < .001. SPB detected SPCa in 64 men (77.1%) while CFPB in 71 (85.5%), P < .001. In 52 of the 81 men (64.2%) SPCa was detected in SPB and CFPB. In 19 men SPCa was only detected in CFPB (23.5%) while in 10, it was only detected in SPB (12.3%). 33.1 cores were needed to diagnose one PCa in SPB while 8.5 in CFPB, P < .001. 58.9 cores were needed to diagnose one SPCa in SPB, while 12.4 in CFPB, P < .001. Conclusions: CFPB are more effective and also more efficient than SPBs in detecting SPCa. However, CFPBs still can’t safely replace SPBs because they are not able to detect up to 15% of SPCa

Are targeted prostate biopsies ready to replace systematic prostate biopsies? / Las biopsias de próstata dirigidas ¿están listas para reemplazar las biopsias de próstata sistemáticas?

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and efficiency of systematic prostatic biopsy (SPB) and cognitive fusion PB (CFPB) to diagnose prostate cancer (PCa) and significant PCa (SPCa), and to analyse if CFPB could safely replace SPB. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cohort of 314 consecutive men having PI-RADS ≥2 in a pre-biopsy 3T mp-MRI were prospectively subjected to trans-rectal ultrasound CFPB (two cores per suspicious area until a maximum of three areas) and a 12 peripheral core SPB. SPCa was considered when the WHO grade was higher than 2 (Gleason 4+3 or higher). RESULTS: PCa was diagnosed in 133 patients (42.4%), being 83 (62.4%) SPCa. SPB detected PCa in 114 men (85.7%) while CFPB in 103 (77.4%), P<.001. SPB detected SPCa in 64 men (77.1%) while CFPB in 71 (85.5%), P<.001. In 52 of the 81 men (64.2%) SPCa was detected in SPB and CFPB. In 19 men SPCa was only detected in CFPB (23.5%) while in 10, it was only detected in SPB (12.3%). 33.1 cores were needed to diagnose one PCa in SPB while 8.5 in CFPB, P<.001. 58.9 cores were needed to diagnose one SPCa in SPB, while 12.4 in CFPB, P<.001. CONCLUSIONS: CFPB are more effective and also more efficient than SPBs in detecting SPCa. However, CFPBs still can't safely replace SPBs because they are not able to detect up to 15% of SPCa.

Early continence after radical prostatectomy: A systematic review. / Variaciones de la prostatectomía radical para una recuperación de la continencia urinaria precoz: una revisión sistemática.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Urinary incontinence is the adverse effect with more impact on patients' quality of life after undergoing radical prostatectomy. The objective of this study is to review the present evidence that describes the variations on surgical techniques which aim to preserve urinary continence after radical prostatectomy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: We searched the literature on PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) statement, using the PICO review protocol. The search terms were urinary continence, urinary incontinence, urinary leakage, radical prostatectomy, open radical prostatectomy, laparoscopic prostatectomy, robot-assisted laparoscopic prostatectomy, robotic prostatectomy. We identified 1,603 registers, and 27 articles were reviewed for meeting the inclusion criteria. Six of them are randomized clinical trials and 4 of them, meta-analysis. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: The surgical techniques more frequently used to achieve early urinary continence are bladder neck and neurovascular bundles preservation, as well as the reconstruction of the rhabdosphincter. The latter has been presented in three randomized clinical trials. Even though some approaches have obtained improved functional outcomes, the lack of consensus on the definition of urinary incontinence and its measurement methods have not advocated for the creation of technical recommendations based on scientific evidence. CONCLUSIONS: The reconstruction of the rhabdosphincter is the only technique that has shown improved functional results through randomized trials. The current evidence is limited and heterogenous, and more studies with consistent criteria are needed in order to establish a standard surgical technique.

A comparative study of different surgical techniques for the management of distal ureter during laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy. / Estudio comparativo de diferentes técnicas quirúrgicas para el manejo del uréter distal durante la nefroureterectomía laparoscópica.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the oncological outcomes between two open surgical techniques and two endoscopic approaches for the management of the distal ureter during laparoscopic radical nephroureterectomy (LRNU). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective review of 152 patients submitted to LRNU for the management of upper urinary tract tumors between 2007-2014. We analyzed the potential impact of two different open surgical (extravesical vs intravesical) and two endoscopic (resection of ureteral orifice and fragment removal vs endoscopic bladder cuff) techniques on the development of bladder recurrence, distant/local recurrence and cancer-specific survival (CSS). RESULTS: A total of 152 patients with a mean age of 69.9 years (±10.1) underwent LRNU. We reported 62 pTa-T1 (41%), 35 pT2 (23%) and 55 pT3-4 (36%). Thirty-two were low grade (21.1%) and 120 high grade (78.9%). An endoscopic approach was performed in 89 cases (58.5%), 32 with resection (36%) and 57 with bladder cuff (64%), and open approach in 63 (41.5%), 42 intravesical (66.7%) and 21 extravesical (33.3%). Within a median follow-up of 32 months (3-120), 38 patients (25%) developed bladder recurrence, 42 distant/local recurrence (27.6%) and 34 died of tumor (22.4%). In the univariate analysis, the type of endoscopic technique was not related to bladder recurrence (P=.961), distant/local recurrence (P=.955) nor CSS (P=.802). The open extravesical approach was not related to bladder recurrence (P=.12) but increased distant/local recurrence (P=.045) and decreased CSS (P=.034) compared to intravesical approach. CONCLUSIONS: LRNU outcomes are not dependant on the type of endoscopic approach performed. The open extravesical approach is a more difficult technique and could worsen the oncological outcomes when compared to the intravesical.

Comparación de los resultados perioperatorios de la cistectomía radical asistida por robot con derivación urinaria extracorpórea vs. Intracorpórea / Comparison of perioperative outcomes and complications of robot assisted radical cystectomy with extracorporeal vs intracorporeal urinary diversion

Objetivos: Comparar los resultados perioperatorios y las complicaciones de la cistectomía radical asistida por robot (CRAR) con derivación urinaria extracorpórea (DUEC) vs. intracorpórea (DUIC). Material y métodos: Revisión retrospectiva de 43 pacientes sometidos a CRAR por tumor vesical entre 2015-2018 con seguimiento mínimo de 3 meses. Se analizó la serie inicial de CRAR realizada por un cirujano con amplia experiencia en cistectomía radical abierta. Resultados: Cuarenta y tres pacientes, 40 hombres (93%) y 3 mujeres (7%), con mediana de edad de 65 años (44-83) y seguimiento medio de 27,7 meses (± 20,1) fueron sometidos a CRAR. Se realizó DUEC en 22 casos (51%), 10 conductos ileales (45,5%) y 12 neovejigas (54,5%), y DUIC en 21 (49%), 14 conductos ileales (66,7%) y 7 neovejigas (33,3%). Las características clínicas y preoperatorias fueron comparables entre grupos. La mediana de tiempo operatorio fue 360minutos (240-540) y de estancia hospitalaria 12 días (7-73). Treinta y cinco pacientes (81%) presentaron complicaciones postoperatorias, de las cuales 10 (23%) fueron mayores. No se encontraron diferencias en tiempo operatorio, complicaciones perioperatorias, estadificación patológica, márgenes y número de ganglios extirpados entre DUEC y DUIC. Los pacientes sometidos a DUEC presentaron mayor tasa de estenosis uretero-ileal en comparación con la DUIC (45,5% vs. 14,3%, p = 0,026). En las neovejigas la DUEC presentó mayor tasa de estenosis uretroneovesical que la DUIC (33% vs. 0%, p = 0,044). Conclusiones: La CRAR con derivación urinaria intracorpórea ofrece resultados perioperatorios y complicaciones comparables a la extracorpórea. La derivación intracorpórea podría reducir el riesgo de desarrollar estenosis ureteroileal y uretroneovesical

Objectives: To compare perioperative outcomes and complications of robot assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with extracorporeal (ECUD) vs. intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) for bladder cancer. Material and methods: Retrospective revision of 43 patients who underwent RARC for bladder cancer between 2015 and 2018 with at least 3 months of follow-up. The analysis included the initial series of RARC performed by one surgeon with extensive experience in open radical cystectomy. Results: Forty-three patients, 40 men (93%) and 3 women (7%), with a median age of 65 years (44-83) and mean follow-up of 27.7 months (±20.1) underwent RARC. A ECUD was performed in 22 cases (51%), of whom 10 were ileal conduits (45.5%) and 12 neobladders (54.5), and ICUD in 21 cases (49%), of whom 14 were ileal conduits (66.7%) and 7 neobladders (33.3%). Clinical and preoperative characteristics were similar in both groups. The median operative time was 360 min (240-540) and length of hospital stay was 12 days (7-73). Thirty-five patients (81%) had postoperative complications, of whom 10 (23%) were major. Operative time, peroperative complications, pathological stage, positive margins, and number of lymph nodes removed did not significantly differ among groups. Patients who underwent ECUD had a higher rate of uretero-ileal strictures than those with ICUD (45.5% vs. 14.3%, p = 0.026). Among the neobladders, the ECUD developed a higher rate of urethro-neobladder stricture than the ICUD (33% vs. 0%, p = 0.044). Conclusions: RARC with ICUD achieved peroperative outcomes and complication rates comparable than those with ECUD. The ICUD could reduce the risk of developing uretero-ileal and urethro-neobladder strictures

Comparison of perioperative outcomes and complications of robot assisted radical cystectomy with extracorporeal vs intracorporeal urinary diversion. / Comparación de los resultados perioperatorios de la cistectomía radical asistida por robot con derivación urinaria extracorpórea vs. intracorpórea.

OBJECTIVES: To compare perioperative outcomes and complications of robot assisted radical cystectomy (RARC) with extracorporeal (ECUD) vs. intracorporeal urinary diversion (ICUD) for bladder cancer. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective revision of 43 patients who underwent RARC for bladder cancer between 2015-2018 with at least 3 months of follow-up. The analysis included the initial series of RARC performed by one surgeon with extensive experience in open radical cystectomy. RESULTS: Forty-three patients, 40 men (93%) and 3 women (7%), with a median age of 65 years (44-83) and mean follow-up of 27.7 months (±20.1) underwent RARC. A ECUD was performed in 22 cases (51%), of whom 10 were ileal conduits (45.5%) and 12 neobladders (54.5), and ICUD in 21 cases (49%), of whom 14 were ileal conduits (66.7%) and 7 neobladders (33.3%). Clinical and preoperative characteristics were similar in both groups. The median operative time was 360 minutes (240-540) and length of hospital stay was 12 days (7-73). Thirty-five patients (81%) had postoperative complications, of whom 10 (23%) were major. Operative time, peroperative complications, pathological stage, positive margins, and number of lymph nodes removed did not significantly differ among groups. Patients who underwent ECUD had a higher rate of uretero-ileal strictures than those with ICUD (45.5% vs. 14.3%, P=.026). Among the neobladders, the ECUD developed a higher rate of urethro-neobladder stricture than the ICUD (33% vs. 0%, P=.044). CONCLUSIONS: RARC with ICUD achieved peroperative outcomes and complication rates comparable than those with ECUD. The ICUD could reduce the risk of developing uretero-ileal and urethro-neobladder strictures.