Subject(s)
Leukocytes/physiology , Blood Bactericidal Activity , Escherichia coli Infections/blood , Hexosephosphates/metabolism , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Meningitis/blood , Oxygen Consumption , Pentosephosphates/metabolism , Phagocytosis , Sepsis/blood , Staphylococcal Infections/blood , Staphylococcus aureus , Streptococcal Infections/blood , Streptococcus agalactiaeABSTRACT
The movement of newborn infants from the delivery room of a level III perinatal center to nursing units that provided different levels of care was prospectively documented for 1975 and 1976. These data were employed in a computer modeling experiment based on sequential queuing theory to determine the relationships between numbers of available intermediate and maximum care nursery beds, the probability that a given newborn arrival could not be accommodated, and the occupancy rates for each level of care. The nursery bed requirements for the level III center were used to estimate the number of special care beds needed by the regional Health Service Area.
Subject(s)
Bed Occupancy , Hospital Bed Capacity , Nurseries, Hospital , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Models, Theoretical , Morbidity , Probability , Regional Health Planning , TexasABSTRACT
Since the effects of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitors on the developing human fetal pulmonary vasculature are unknown, we studied the lungs of two infants, one whose mother took salicylates and the other whose mother took indomethacin during pregnancy. Lungs were fixed by perfusion and fifth generation (resistance) vessels identified. The infant with chronic exposure to aspirin had premature constriction of the ductus arteriosus, tricuspid insufficiency, increased pulmonary arterial medial width/external diameter ratio due to increased smooth muscle, and a decreased number of pulmonary vessels/cm2 lung tissue. The infant with short-term exposure to indomethacin had hypoxemia, increased pulmonary arterial m/d ratio due to increased smooth muscle, and a normal number of pulmonary vessels/cm2 lung tissue. These abnormalities may be due to the effects of prostaglandin synthetase inhibitor drugs on the ductus arteriosus and/or the pulmonary vessels of the human fetus.
Subject(s)
Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors , Fetus/drug effects , Indomethacin/adverse effects , Lung/blood supply , Salicylates/adverse effects , Adult , Blood Vessels/drug effects , Blood Vessels/pathology , Ductus Arteriosus/pathology , Female , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Lung/drug effects , Lung/embryology , Lung/pathology , Male , Pregnancy , Prostaglandin Antagonists/adverse effects , Tricuspid Valve/drug effects , Tricuspid Valve/pathologyABSTRACT
Nine episodes of the syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion occurred in five newborn infants following atelectasis or pneumothorax. All infants had pre-existing lung disease and were being treated with positive pressure ventilation. The mean interval between acute atelectasis or pneumothorax and the development of diagnostic hyponatremia, hypo-osmolal serum, hyperosmolal urine, and oliguria was 13.4 hours. Fluid restriction and removal of the triggering event resulted in resolution of the abnormalities within 1.5 to 4 days. Infants who develop atelectasis or pneumothorax should be evaluated for the subsequent occurrence of SIADH; the administration of a water load to them may result in dilutional hyponatremia, for which fluid restriction, not sodium infusion, is the proper therapy.