Fibrinogen contribution to clot strength in patients with sepsis and hematologic malignancies and thrombocytopenia-a prospective, single-center, analytical, cross-sectional study.

Background: Patients with hematological malignancies (HM) frequently present thrombocytopenia and higher risk of bleeding. Although transfusion is associated with higher risk of adverse events and poor outcomes, prophylactic transfusion of platelets is a common practice to prevent hemorrhagic complications. Thromboelastometry has been considered a better predictor for bleeding than isolated platelet counts in different settings. In early stages of sepsis, hypercoagulability may occur due to higher fibrinogen levels. Objectives: To evaluate the behavior of coagulation in patients with HM who develop sepsis and to verify whether a higher concentration of fibrinogen is associated with a proportional increase in maximum clot firmness (MCF) even in the presence of severe thrombocytopenia. Methods: We performed a unicentric analytical cross-sectional study with 60 adult patients with HM and severe thrombocytopenia, of whom 30 had sepsis (sepsis group) and 30 had no infections (control group). Coagulation conventional tests and specific coagulation tests, including thromboelastometry, were performed. The main outcome evaluated was MCF. Results: Higher levels of fibrinogen and MCF were found in sepsis group. Both fibrinogen and platelets contributed to MCF. The relative contribution of fibrin was significantly higher (60.5 ± 12.8% vs 43.6 ± 9.7%; P < .001) and that of platelets was significantly lower (39.5 ± 12.8% vs 56.4 ± 9.7%; P < .001) in the sepsis group compared with the control group. Conclusion: Patients with sepsis and HM presented higher concentrations of fibrinogen than uninfected patients, resulting in greater MCF amplitudes even in the presence of thrombocytopenia.

A Case of Porto-Sinusoidal Vascular Disease.

Introduction: Porto-sinusoidal vascular syndrome is characterised by specific histological changes that do not include cirrhosis, with or without portal hypertension. Patients are usually asymptomatic until development of portal hypertension complications. Case description: A 69-year-old female with history of JAK2 positive essential thrombocythemia (ET) was referred to internal medicine consultation due to elevated liver enzymes. The patient had no previous history of liver disease. Seven months earlier, she had an ischaemic stroke and started treatment with atorvastatin. After discontinuing medication, liver enzymes returned to normal and atorvastatin-related drug-induced liver disease (DILI) was presumed.During a follow-up visit, iron deficiency anaemia was detected and an endoscopic study was performed. It revealed a gastric varix actively bleeding, which was successfully treated with cyanoacrylate.Two months later, the patient was admitted due to a new episode of variceal bleeding, and a portal hypertension complementary study was made. Discussion: Although the pathogenesis of porto-sinusoidal vascular disease (PSVD) remains poorly understood, vascular changes within the liver have been associated with several predisposing conditions, such as hypercoagulable states. Patients with ET, especially those with JAK2 mutation, are known to be at increased risk of non-cirrhotic vein thrombosis. Concerning PSVD, the association is not clear but it is believed that both PSVD and myeloproliferative neoplasms share a common denominator: a state characterised by hypercoagulability, inflammation, endothelial dysfunction and, in some cases, portal hypertension. Conclusion: Portal hypertension without cirrhosis is a rare condition, presenting diagnostic challenges and significant impact on the patient's prognosis. LEARNING POINTS: The suspicion of PSVD should be raised when signs of portal hypertension are present with normal or mildly elevated liver enzymes and normal liver stiffness measurement. A liver biopsy should be performed in this situation.Although the pathogenesis of PSVD is not clearly understood, it is based on the development of vascular changes within the liver and there might be several predisposing conditions such as coagulation disorders.

Anemia hemolítica autoinmune después de la infección por Covid 19 / Autoimmune Haemolytic Anaemia After Covid 19 Infection

Since its emergence in Wuhan province in late 2019, SARS-CoV-2 infection has affected more than 520 million people and caused the death of more than 6.2 million individuals. Despite rare, several haematological disorders have been observed and associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection, in particular, autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). We present the case of a 71-year-old man with recent SARS-CoV-2 infection, presenting with 5 weeks evolution of asthenia and loss of 10% of body weight. From the initial study, normochromic normocytic anaemia stands out with haptoglobin consumption. Direct Coombs test was positive, with positive direct antiglobulin test for IgG4. The patient was admitted and started corticosteroids therapy with prednisolone 1 mg / kg. Given that the extended etiologic study was negative, covid 19 was assumed to be the trigger of the current clinical picture. During hospitalization, the patient presented a favourable evolution with recovery of haemoglobin value and absence of haemolysis. (AU)

Desde su aparición en la provincia de Wuhan a finales de 2019, la infección por SARS-CoV-2 ha afectado a más de 520 millones de personas y ha causado la muerte de más de 6,2 millones de individuos. A pesar de ser poco frecuentes, se han observado varios trastornos hematológicos asociados a la infección por SARS-CoV-2, en particular la anemia hemolítica autoinmune (AIHA). Presentamos el caso de un varón de 71 años con infección reciente por SARS-CoV-2, que presenta astenia de 5 semanas de evolución y pérdida del 10% del peso corporal. Del estudio inicial destaca anemia normocítica normocrómica con consumo de haptoglobina. El test de Coombs directo fue positivo, con antiglobulina directa positiva para IgG4.El paciente fue ingresado y se inició tratamiento con corticosteroides con prednisolona 1 mg / kg. Dado que el estudio etiológico ampliado fue negativo, se asumió que el covid 19 era el desencadenante del cuadro clínico actual. Durante la hospitalización, el paciente presentó una evolución favorable con recuperación del valor de hemoglobina y ausencia de hemólisis. (AU)

Use of palm bran (Nopalea cochenillifera (L.) Salm-Dyck) in partial replacement of concentrate in maintenance equine diets - a pilot study.

Forage palm is extremely suitable as animal fodder due to its high tolerance to the climatic rigors of the semiarid region and its ability to withstand the harsh physical-chemical limitations of poor soils. Thus, in this study, the effects of the partial replacement (0 %, 5 %, 10 % and 15 % replacement) of a molasses- or oat-based commercial concentrate with forage palm bran (FPB) on the acceptability, apparent digestibility and glycemic response of horses at maintenance were evaluated. The ratio of concentrate to roughage (Tifton 85 hay) was 30 : 70 , and the dry matter (DM) intake was 2 % of body weight (BW). For the preference test, 10 barren Mangalarga Marchador mares were used. The experimental diets were offered simultaneously to determine the consumption preference and the intake ratio. For the digestibility test, four mixed-breed geldings were used and were distributed in a Latin square experimental design ( 4 × 4 ). For the glycemic response, blood samples were collected 30 min before and 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 min after supplying the feed. The preference test indicated that feed containing 0 % and 5 % FPB was preferred by the animals. Nutrient digestibility coefficients did not differ among the experimental diets. Blood glucose was lower at 180 min in the 7.42 % FPB inclusion diet ( R 2 = 0.97 ); this was estimated using the following equation: Y = 115.05 - 2.75 x + 0.19 x 2 . It is concluded that the incorporation of up to 15 % of forage palm bran as a substitute for concentrate in the maintenance diet tested did not negatively influence feed intake, nutrient digestibility or glycemic index; however, inclusion values above 5 % reduced diet acceptability.

Intervenções nutricionais para idosos em cuidados paliativos: uma revisão de escopo / Nutritional interventions for older adults in palliative care: a scoping review

Resumo Objetivo Analisar as intervenções nutricionais adotadas em pessoas idosas em cuidados paliativos encontradas na literatura. Método Trata-se de uma revisão de escopo, cuja busca foi realizada nas seguintes bases de dados: PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE e na literatura cinzenta por meio do Google Scholar, OpenGrey e ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global, sem restrição temporal e de idioma. Foram realizadas as buscas utilizando-se os descritores e palavras-chave que foram combinados por meio de operadores booleanos AND e OR: "Nutritional Intervention", "Intervenção Nutricional", "Palliative Care", "Cuidados Paliativos", "Aged" e "Idosos". Resultados Dos 5.942 estudos encontrados, 13 estudos foram selecionados. Pela estratégia de busca reversa foram identificados 13 estudos adicionais, originando um resultado final de 26 estudos. As intervenções nutricionais adotadas em pessoas idosas em cuidados paliativos compreendem em sua maioria: aconselhamento nutricional, suplementação nutricional oral e a nutrição artificial por meio de nutrição enteral e parenteral. Essas intervenções estão voltadas à qualidade de vida, ao manejo de sintomas e ao estado nutricional. Conclusão Embora haja lacunas na literatura quanto às intervenções nutricionais voltadas para idosos em cuidados paliativos, fica evidenciada a importância da atuação do nutricionista para promoção da qualidade de vida e alívio do sofrimento dessa população.

Abstract Objective To analyze the nutritional interventions adopted in older people in palliative care found in the literature. Method A scoping review was conducted involving a search of the following databases: PubMed, LILACS, CINAHL, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE and of the gray literature through Google Scholar, OpenGrey and ProQuests & Theses Global, without restrictions on publication date or language. The searches were performed using the descriptors and keywords, combined using Boolean operators AND and OR: "Nutritional Intervention", "Intervenção Nutricional", "Palliative Care", "Cuidados Paliativos", "Aged" and "Idosos". Results Of the 5,942 studies found, 13 studies were selected. The backward citation search strategy identified 13 additional studies, giving a final total of 26 studies. Nutritional interventions adopted in older people in palliative care predominantly comprised nutritional counseling, oral nutritional supplementation and artificial nutrition through enteral and parenteral nutrition. These interventions focused on quality of life, symptom management and nutritional status. Conclusion Although there are gaps in the literature regarding nutritional interventions for older adults in palliative care, the importance of the role of nutritionists in promoting quality of life and relieving suffering of this population is clear.

Genetic Characterization of Mangalarga Marchador Breed Horses Based on Microsatellite Molecular Markers.

The Mangalarga Marchador (MM) horse breed has expressive importance in the Brazilian economy. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate diversity in the MM breed. A database with a total of 3,193 genotyped horses was used (MM, n = 2,829; Andalusian - AND, n = 67; Pure Blood Lusitano - LUS, n = 43; English Thoroughbred - THO, n = 54; Arabian - ARA, n = 99; Campolina - CAM, n = 61; and Mangalarga - MAN, n = 40) for 13 microsatellite. Diversity parameters were estimates, such as mean number of alleles (Nma) and the number of rare alleles (AR), expected heterozygosity (He), F statistics, genetic distances, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (HWE), population structure, and others. The Nma was 10.85, the AR was prevalent in the MM, and the He was 0.7402. In MM, the values of Fis (-0.0195), Fit (0.0566), Fst (0.0748), and deviations of HWE were observed. The genetic distances of the ARA and THO breeds with the other breeds were greater than the distances between the Brazilian breeds and between these and the breeds in the Iberian Peninsula. The population structure indicated that MM was substructured, yet there were some more genetically defined breeding farms. The genetic diversity is satisfactory for MM conservation, but the population is substructure, and parameters indicate moderate gene flow and the existence, though few, of crosses with other horse breeds. Immediate implementation of a genetic breeding program is required, especially seeking to conserve the structure of the MM breed as a well-defined genetic entity.

[Bibliometric analysis of the scientific evidence on violence perpetrated against the elderly]. / Análise bibliométrica das evidências científicas sobre violência contra a pessoa idosa.

The scope of this study is violence perpetrated against the elderly. It aims to analyze the international scientific production on violence against the elderly. It involved bibliometric research carried out in the ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of ScienceTM database, in which the search terms "elder,"violence" or "abuse" and "health care" were used, in the period between the years 1991 and 2016. The data were analyzed considering the evolution of the annual publications, the journals with the highest number of records, the authors with the highest number of publications, the number of articles distributed by authors' country of origin, and articles with the highest impact. A total of 267 published records in 174 different journals indexed to the database in question were identified and were written by 901 authors with links to 410 institutions located in 39 countries. In the descriptive analysis of the content of the top journals on the topic and of the most cited articles there was potential for the development of the topic, since there is a need for more data on interventions in cases of violence against the elderly, with a multidisciplinary approach, as well as conducting more research on clinical manifestations, quality of life and its economic impact on the use of health services.

O estudo tem como objeto as violências contra a pessoa idosa. Objetiva analisar a produção científica internacional sobre violência contra a pessoa idosa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliométrica realizada na base de dados "ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of Sciencetm", na qual foram usados os termos de busca: "elder*, violence* ou abuse* e health care", no recorte temporal entre os anos 1991 e 2016. Os dados foram analisados considerando a trajetória de evolução anual das publicações, os periódicos com maior quantidade de registros, os autores com maior quantidade de publicações, a quantidade de artigos distribuídos por país de origem dos autores e os artigos de maior impacto. Foram identificados 267 registros de publicação em 174 periódicos distintos indexados à base de dados em questão e foram escritos por 901 autores que possuem vínculos a 410 instituições, localizadas em 39 países. Na análise descritiva do conteúdo dos "top journals" da temática e dos artigos mais citados verificou-se potenciais para o desenvolvimento do tema visto que existe a necessidade de mais dados sobre intervenções em casos de violências contra a pessoa idosa, com abordagem multidisciplinar, bem como a realização de mais pesquisas sobre as manifestações clínicas, qualidade vida e seu impacto econômico na utilização dos serviços de saúde.

Análise bibliométrica das evidências científicas sobre violência contra a pessoa idosa / Bibliometric analysis of the scientific evidence on violence perpetrated against the elderly

Resumo O estudo tem como objeto as violências contra a pessoa idosa. Objetiva analisar a produção científica internacional sobre violência contra a pessoa idosa. Trata-se de uma pesquisa bibliométrica realizada na base de dados "ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of Sciencetm", na qual foram usados os termos de busca: "elder*, violence* ou abuse* e health care", no recorte temporal entre os anos 1991 e 2016. Os dados foram analisados considerando a trajetória de evolução anual das publicações, os periódicos com maior quantidade de registros, os autores com maior quantidade de publicações, a quantidade de artigos distribuídos por país de origem dos autores e os artigos de maior impacto. Foram identificados 267 registros de publicação em 174 periódicos distintos indexados à base de dados em questão e foram escritos por 901 autores que possuem vínculos a 410 instituições, localizadas em 39 países. Na análise descritiva do conteúdo dos "top journals" da temática e dos artigos mais citados verificou-se potenciais para o desenvolvimento do tema visto que existe a necessidade de mais dados sobre intervenções em casos de violências contra a pessoa idosa, com abordagem multidisciplinar, bem como a realização de mais pesquisas sobre as manifestações clínicas, qualidade vida e seu impacto econômico na utilização dos serviços de saúde.

Abstract The scope of this study is violence perpetrated against the elderly. It aims to analyze the international scientific production on violence against the elderly. It involved bibliometric research carried out in the ISI Web of Knowledge/Web of ScienceTM database, in which the search terms "elder,"violence" or "abuse" and "health care" were used, in the period between the years 1991 and 2016. The data were analyzed considering the evolution of the annual publications, the journals with the highest number of records, the authors with the highest number of publications, the number of articles distributed by authors' country of origin, and articles with the highest impact. A total of 267 published records in 174 different journals indexed to the database in question were identified and were written by 901 authors with links to 410 institutions located in 39 countries. In the descriptive analysis of the content of the top journals on the topic and of the most cited articles there was potential for the development of the topic, since there is a need for more data on interventions in cases of violence against the elderly, with a multidisciplinary approach, as well as conducting more research on clinical manifestations, quality of life and its economic impact on the use of health services.

Condutas para o manejo da anorexia em cuidados paliativos: revisão integrativa / Management approach for anorexia in palliative care: an integrative literature review / Conducta para el manejo de anorexia en cuidado paliativo: revisión integradora

Objetivo: Identificar as evidências científicas acerca das condutas para o manejo da anorexia em cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, cujo levantamento bibliográfico dos dados deu-se através da pesquisa em quatro bases de dados/bibliotecas virtuais. Incluíram-se artigos em português, inglês e espanhol, publicados nos últimos dez anos e com o texto completo disponível. Resultados: Foram elegíveis 25 artigos, e foram atribuídos dois eixos temáticos para melhor ilustrar os dados encontrados: o manejo farmacológico e o não-farmacológico. Corticosteroides, progestinas, anamorelina e dronabinol foram os fármacos mais pesquisados para o controle da anorexia, com maiores evidências de eficácia nos 3 primeiros. No contexto não-farmacológico, o aconselhamento nutricional foi a medida mais indicada, incluindo a fortificação de alimentos e uso de suplementos e a nutrição artificial mais controversa. Conclusão: Os achados desta revisão podem colaborar para a elaboração de protocolos para o manejo da anorexia em cuidados paliativos

Objective: The study's main goal has been to identify scientific evidence on the management of anorexia in palliative care. Methods: This is an integrative review, whose data collection occurred by researching four databases/virtual libraries. Articles in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, published over the last ten years and with the full text available, were included. Results: 25 articles were selected, and two thematic axes were assigned to better illustrate the data found: pharmacological and non-pharmacological management. Corticosteroids, progestins, anamorelin, and dronabinol were the most-researched drugs for the control of anorexia, with greater evidence of effectiveness for the first three. In the non-pharmacological treatment, nutritional counseling was the most recommended measure, including the fortification of foods and the use of supplements and the more-controversial artificial nutrition. Conclusion: The findings of this review may aid in the development of protocols for the treatment of anorexia in palliative care

Objetivo: El propósito principal del estudio ha sido identificar evidencia científica sobre el manejo de la anorexia en los cuidados paliativos. Métodos: Esta es una revisión integradora, cuya investigación bibliográfica de datos ocurrió mediante búsqueda en cuatro bases de datos/bibliotecas virtuales. Se incluyeron artículos en portugués, inglés y español, publicados en los últimos diez años y con texto completo disponible. Resultados: Fueron elegibles 25 artículos, siendo atribuidos dos ejes temáticos para ilustrar mejor los datos encontrados: el manejo farmacológico y el no farmacológico. Corticosteroides, progestinas, anamorelina y dronabinol han sido los fármacos más buscados para el control de la anorexia, con mayores evidencias de eficacia en los 3 primeros. En el contexto no farmacológico, el asesoramiento nutricional fue la medida más indicada, incluyendo la fortificación de alimentos y uso de suplementos y la nutrición artificial más controversia. Conclusión: Los hallados de esta revisión pueden colaborar para la elaboración de protocolos para el manejo de la anorexia en cuidados paliativos

Growth curve for height at withers and body length of Mangalarga Marchador horses / Curva de crescimento em altura na cernelha e comprimento corporal de equinos Mangalarga Marchador

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to evaluate the logistic and quadratic response plateau models to describe the growth of Mangalarga Marchador horses to identify the model that best describes growth for the variables height at withers and body length. Data were used from 230 horses aged 6 to 176 months, divided by sex and 16 age classes. All computational work was performed using R statistical software. The logistic model was the best suited to express growth in height at withers and body length of male and female Mangalarga Marchadors aged 6 to 176 months. This allowed creating a table of reference values for these measurements over time based on the confidence interval of the model parameters. Estimates of height at withers obtained by the logistic model ranged from 144 to 154 cm in adult males and from 143 to 151 cm in adult females. For body length, values ranged from 146 to 156 cm in adult males and 143 to 156 cm in adult females. Females achieved stability in both height at withers and body length at earlier ages than did males.

RESUMO: O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os modelos logístico e platô de resposta quadrática na descrição do crescimento de equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador identificando o que melhor descreve o crescimento das variáveis altura de cernelha e comprimento corporal. Foram utilizados dados de 230 equinos de 6 a 176 meses de idade que foram divididos por sexo e em 16 classes de idade. Toda a parte computacional envolvida foi realizada utilizando-se o software estatístico R. O modelo logístico foi o mais indicado para expressar o crescimento em altura na cernelha e comprimento corporal de machos e fêmeas da raça Mangalarga Marchador. Foi criada uma tabela de valores referência para estas medidas ao longo da idade com base no intervalo de confiança dos parâmetros deste modelo. Estimativas das alturas de cernelha adultas obtidas pelo modelo logístico variaram de 144 a 154 cm nos machos e de 143 a 151 cm para fêmeas. Já em comprimento corporal os valores adultos variaram de 146 a 156 cm nos machos e 143 a 156 cm para fêmeas. As fêmeas apresentam maior precocidade do que os machos para atingir a estabilidade em ambas variáveis estudadas.

Decision Trees for Predicting the Physiological Responses of Rabbits.

The thermal environment inside a rabbit house affects the physiological responses and consequently the production of the animals. Thus, models are needed to assist rabbit producers in decision-making to maintain the production environment within the zone of thermoneutrality for the animals. The aim of this paper is to develop decision trees to predict the physiological responses of rabbits based on environmental variables. The experiment was performed in a rabbit house with 26 rabbits at eight weeks of age. The experimental database is composed of 546 observed data points. Sixty decision tree models for the prediction of respiratory rate (RR, mov.min-1) and ear temperature (ET, °C) of rabbits exposed to different combinations of dry bulb temperature (tdb, °C) and relative humidity (RH, %) were developed. The ET model exhibited better statistical indices than the RR model. The developed decision trees can be used in practical situations to provide a rapid evaluation of rabbit welfare conditions based on environmental variables and physiological responses. This information can be obtained in real time and may help rabbit breeders in decision-making to provide satisfactory environmental conditions for rabbits.

Nonlinear modeling growth body weight of Mangalarga Marchador horses / Modelagem não linear do crescimento em peso vivo de equinos da raça Mangalarga Marchador

ABSTRACT: The analysis of the growth and development of various species has been done using the growth curves of the specific animal based on non-linear models. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the fit of the Brody, Gompertz, Logistic and von Bertalanffy models to the cross-sectional data of the live weight of the MangalargaMarchador horses to identify the best model and make accurate predictions regarding the growth and maturity in the males and females of this breed. The study involved recording the weight of 214 horses, of which 94 were males and 120 were non-pregnant females, between 6 and 153 months of age. The parameters of the model were estimated by employing the method of least squares, using the iteratively regularized Gauss-Newton method and the R software package. Comparison of the models was done based on the following criteria: coefficient of determination (R²); Residual Standard Deviation (RSD); corrected Akaike Information Criterion (AICc). The estimated weight of the adult horses by the models ranged between 431kg and 439kg for males and between 416kg and 420kg for females. The growth curves were studied using the cross-sectional data collection method. For males the von Bertalanffymodel was found to be the most effective in expressing growth, while in females the Brody model was more suitable. The MangalargaMarchador females achieve adult body weight earlier than the males.

RESUMO: O estudo sobre curvas de crescimento animal com base em modelos não lineares tem sido utilizado para análise do crescimento e desenvolvimento de diversas espécies. Neste trabalho objetivou-se avaliar o ajuste dos modelos Brody, Gompertz, Logístico e vonBertalanffy a dados transversais de peso vivo de equinos Mangalarga Marchador, a fim de selecionar o melhor modelo e predizer sobre o crescimento e a maturidade de machos e fêmeas desta raça. Foram pesados 214 equinos, sendo 94 machos e 120 fêmeas não gestantes, com idade variando entre seis e 153 meses. A estimação dos parâmetros dos modelos foi realizada pelo método de mínimos quadrados, utilizando o processo iterativo de Gauss-Newton, seguindo rotinas do Software R. Os modelos foram comparados pelos critérios: coeficiente de determinação (R²); desvio padrão residual (DPR); critério de informação de Akaike corrigido (AICc). O peso adulto, estimado pelos modelos, variou entre 431kg e 439kg para os machos e entre 416kg e 420kg para fêmeas. O método transversal de obtenção de dados pode ser aplicado no estudo de curvas de crescimento. O modelo de vonBertalanffy foi o mais eficiente para expressar o crescimento nos machos, enquanto que para as fêmeas, o modelo Brody se mostrou mais apropriado. As fêmeas Mangalarga Marchador são mais precoces que os machos para atingir o peso vivo adulto.

Bioquímica sérica e leucometria de equinos mangalarga marchador suplementados com cromo e submetidos à prova de marcha / Serum biochemistry and leukometry of mangalarga marchador horses supplemented with chromium and submitted to marcha tests

O cromo na dieta de equinos Mangalarga Marchador pode incrementar seu metabolismo energético, melhorando seu desempenho atlético com redução do estresse. Avaliou-se o efeito da suplementação com cromo sobre a bioquímica sérica e leucometria de equinos Mangalarga Marchador submetidos ao treinamento para concurso de marcha. Foi realizado ensaio com 12 éguas Mangalarga Marchador no delineamento experimental inteiramente ao acaso com três tratamentos ­ 0, 5 e 10 mg/dia de Cromo-metionina com quatro repetições. O experimento foi dividido em duas etapas: a primeira composta por 24 dias de adaptação das éguas à dieta, e a segunda constituída por seis dias, onde os animais foram submetidos a três provas de marcha, com duração de 50 minutos cada, em dias alternados. Avaliou-se as concentrações plasmáticas de glicose e lactato; séricas de triglicerol, insulina e cortisol e a contagem de leucócitos totais. Não houve diferença (P>0,05) entre os tratamentos nos parâmetros avaliados. Após o exercício houve aumento (P<0,05) nas concentrações de lactato, insulina e cortisol e na contagem de leucócitos totais. A suplementação com cromo em equinos Mangalarga Marchador não alterou a via metabólica predominante para geração de energia, o estresse induzido pelo exercício e a resposta imune dos animais durante provas de marcha.

Chromium in the diet of Mangalarga Marchador horses can increase their energy metabolism, improving their athletic performance and reducing stress. The effect of chromium supplementation on serum biochemistry and leukocyte count of Mangalarga Marchador horses submitted to training for marching competitions was assessed. 12 Mangalarga Marchador mares were used in a completely randomized experimental design consisting of three treatments ­ 0, 5 ,and 10 mg/day of chromium-methionine ­ and four replicates per treatment. The research was divided into two stages: first a 24-day phase for adaptation to the diet, and a six-day stage when the animals were submitted to three marching tests, lasting 50 minutes each, on alternate days. The plasma levels of glucose and lactate, serum levels of triglycerol, insulin, and cortisol, and white blood cell count were evaluated. There was no difference (P>0.05) among treatments in any of the parameters evaluated. After exercise, levels of lactate, insulin, and cortisol and white blood cell count increased (P<0.05). The supplementation with chromium in Mangalarga Marchador horses did not alter the predominant pathway for energy generation, the exercise-induced stress, and the immune response of animals during marching tests.

Acarofauna associada à vegetação espontânea de vinhedos / Mitefauna associated to spontaneous vegetation of vineyards

Objetivou-se identificar a acarofauna associada à vegetação espontânea presente em vinhedos de Vitis vinifera (L.) var. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot e Sémillon e V. labrusca (L.) var. Isabel. Amostragens mensais foram realizadas de junho a setembro/2009 e junho a setembro/2010 em Caxias do Sul e de junho/2010 a junho/2011 em Sant'Ana do Livramento, RS, Brasil. Foram registrados 474 ácaros pertencentes a 14 morfoespécies, nove gêneros e cinco famílias (Phytoseiidae, Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae, Tydeidae e Winterschmidtiidae). A maior abundância de ácaros ocorreu em Caxias do Sul, entretanto a maior riqueza de espécies foi registrada em Sant'Ana do Livramento. De acordo com os resultados deste trabalho, a acarofauna presente nos nove vinhedos amostrados foi registrada em sua maioria em Sida rhombifolia L. e caracterizou-se pela ocorrência dominante de Lorryia sp., seguida por Typhlodromalus aripo (Muma, 1967) e Steneotarsonemus sp..

The objective of the present study was to identify the mitefauna associated to the spontaneous vegetation of vineyards of Vitis vinifera var. Cabernet Sauvignon, Merlot and Sémillon and V. labrusca var. Isabel in the municipalities of Caxias do Sul and Sant'Ana do Livramento, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Monthly samplings were accomplished during the period of June to September 2009 and June to September 2010 in Caxias do Sul and from June 2010 to June 2011 in Sant'Ana do Livramento. A total of 474 mites belonging to 14 morfospecies of nine genera and five families (Phytoseiidae, Tarsonemidae, Tenuipalpidae, Tydeidae e Winterschmidtiidae) were identified. The highest abundance of acarids was registered in Caxias do Sul, however a highest species richness was registered in Sant'Ana do Livramento. Results shows that most of the mitefauna collected at the nine sampled vineyards were registered on Sida rhombifolia L.; dominant mite species were Lorryia sp., proceeded by Typhlodromalus aripo (Muma, 1967) and Steneotarsonemus sp..

Aplicação de exercício isotônico durante a hemodiálise melhora a eficiência dialítica / Isotonic exercise during hemodialysis improves dialysis efficiency

INTRODUÇÃO: A doença renal crônica (DRC) é decorrente de uma lesão renal e perda progressiva e irreversível da função dos rins. A hemodiálise substitui parcialmente essa função, com o objetivo de corrigir as alterações metabólicas na DRC. Para acompanhar a adequação da diálise, é determinado o Kt/V - índice de depuração da ureia por sessão de hemodiálise. O exercício físico de moderada intensidade tem se mostrado de fundamental importância para melhorar os efeitos adversos ao tratamento dialítico. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar o Kt/V em indivíduos com DRC submetidos ao exercício físico isotônico de baixa intensidade durante a hemodiálise. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Analisados dados de 15 voluntários de ambos os sexos, submetidos à hemodiálise três vezes por semana. Após duas horas do início da diálise, foi aplicado um protocolo de exercícios isotônicos de baixa intensidade de membros superiores e inferiores com duração de 30 minutos, por um período de três meses. Os valores do Kt/V foram comparados no período de três meses anteriores sem exercício e após três meses de exercício. RESULTADOS: A média dos valores do Kt/V nos três meses sem exercício foi de 1,13 ± 0,11 e após aplicação do programa de exercícios foi de 1,29 ± 0,12 (p < 0,05). CONCLUSÃO: O programa de exercício físico isotônico de baixa intensidade em pacientes com DRC, aplicados durante a sessão de diálise mostrou a melhora da eficiência dialítica.

INTRODUCTION: The chronic kidney disease (CKD) is due to a renal injury and progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. Hemodialysis replace partially this function with the objective of correcting the metabolic changes in the DRC. To monitor the adequacy of dialysis is determined the Kt/V - rate of clearance of urea per session of dialysis. The exercise of moderate intensity has been of fundamental importance for improving the adverse effects of dialysis treatment. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate Kt/V in persons with CKD submitted the isotonic exercise of low intensity during hemodialysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It was analyzed data from 15 volunteers with CKD, both sexes, submitted to dialysis three times a week. After two hours of the start of dialysis, was applied a protocol of isotonic exercises with low intensity of upper and lower limbs lasting 30 minutes, for a period of three months. The values of Kt/V were compared in the period of three months without exercise and after three months (monthly average). The paired Student t test was used for statistical analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The average values of Kt/V within three months without exercise was 1.13 ± 0.11 and after implementation of the program of exercises was 1.29 ± 0.12 (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The program of isotonic exercises of low intensity in patients with CKD applied during the session of dialysis improved the efficiency dialysis.

Avaliação prognóstica individual na UTI: é possível diferenciar insistência terapêutica de obstinação terapêutica? / Individual prognostic assessment in the intensive care unit: can therapeutic persistence be distinguished from therapeutic obstinacy?

OBJETIVOS: A disponibilidade de alta tecnologia na unidade de terapia intensiva tem-se transformado, muitas vezes, em instrumento potencializador de sofrimento ao aumentar o tempo do processo de morrer. Diferenciar insistência terapêutica de obstinação terapêutica tem sido um grande desafio da medicina atual. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a relação benefício versus malefício do uso de terapias que sustentam as funções vitais por meio de um sistema evolutivo de avaliação prognóstica individual. MÉTODOS: Estudo de coorte, prospectivo, observacional, desenvolvido na unidade de tratamento intensivo do Hospital Universitário São Francisco de Paula da UCPel, Pelotas, RS no período de 1° de março de 2006 a 31 de agosto de 2007. Foram registradas: a avaliação prognóstica individual por meio de um sistema evolutivo, utilizando o índice UNICAMP II associado aos níveis séricos de albumina, transferrina e linfócitos; as terapias mantenedoras das funções vitais; o desfecho. A análise estatística foi realizada utilizando o teste t de Student, a ANOVA, o teste do Qui-quadrado, o teste exato de Fisher, o teste de correlação de Spearman e a curva ROC. Foi considerado estatisticamente significativo um valor p < 0,05. RESULTADOS: Avaliaram-se 447 pacientes durante o período de estudo. A prevalência de óbito foi significativamente maior entre os que iniciaram as terapias mantenedoras das funções vitais na fase tardia de intervenção e também entre aqueles que pioraram seu índice prognóstico e seu estado nutricional ao longo da fase precoce de intervenção. CONCLUSÃO: A avaliação evolutiva prognóstica individual mostrou-se um método útil para subsidiar, de forma objetiva, tomadas de decisões éticas no referente à diferença entre insistência terapêutica e obstinação terapêutica.

OBJECTIVES: Availability of state-of-the-art technology at intensive care units has often turned into a tool aggravating suffering by prolonging the end-of-life process. Distinguishing therapeutic persistence from therapeutic obstinacy has become a great challenge for present-day medicine. The aim of this study was to assess the benefit-harm relation in the use of life-sustaining therapies by means of an evolutionary system of individual prognostic assessment. METHODS: A cohort, prospective, observational study at the intensive care unit of the São Francisco De Paula University Hospital of UCPel, Pelotas RS from March 2006 to August 31, 2007. Individual prognostic assessments were recorded by using an evolutionary system, the UNICAMP II index, associated with albumin transferrin and lymphocytes serum levels, life- sustaining therapies and the outcome. Statistical analysis was carried out by the Student's t-test, ANOVA test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Spearman's correlation test and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Four hundred forty seven patients were assessed during the study. Prevalence of death was significantly higher among those who received life-sustaining therapies at a later stage of the intervention, and those whose prognostic index and nutritional status worsened at an early stage of intervention. CONCLUSION: Assessment of individual evolutionary prognostic proved to be a useful method to objectively subsidize ethical decisions related to therapeutic persistence and therapeutic obstinacy.

Individual prognostic assessment in the intensive care unit: can therapeutic persistence be distinguished from therapeutic obstinacy? / Avaliação prognóstica individual na UTI: é possível diferenciar insistência terapêutica de obstinação terapêutica?

OBJECTIVES: Availability of state-of-the-art technology at intensive care units has often turned into a tool aggravating suffering by prolonging the end-of-life process. Distinguishing therapeutic persistence from therapeutic obstinacy has become a great challenge for present-day medicine. The aim of this study was to assess the benefit-harm relation in the use of life-sustaining therapies by means of an evolutionary system of individual prognostic assessment. METHODS: A cohort, prospective, observational study at the intensive care unit of the São Francisco De Paula University Hospital of UCPel, Pelotas RS from March 2006 to August 31, 2007. Individual prognostic assessments were recorded by using an evolutionary system, the UNICAMP II index, associated with albumin transferrin and lymphocytes serum levels, life- sustaining therapies and the outcome. Statistical analysis was carried out by the Student's t-test, ANOVA test, Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Spearman's correlation test and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve. A p value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Four hundred forty seven patients were assessed during the study. Prevalence of death was significantly higher among those who received life-sustaining therapies at a later stage of the intervention, and those whose prognostic index and nutritional status worsened at an early stage of intervention. CONCLUSION: Assessment of individual evolutionary prognostic proved to be a useful method to objectively subsidize ethical decisions related to therapeutic persistence and therapeutic obstinacy.