Mercury (Hg) concentration in fish commercialized in the São Luís fish market (MA) and potential exposure of consumers.

Fish consumption is the main path of human exposure to Hg and may represent a risk to public health, even with low Hg concentrations in fish, if consumption rates are high. This study quantifies, for the first time, the Hg concentrations in nine most commercialized species in the São Luís (MA) fish market, where fish consumption is high, and estimates human exposure. Average Hg concentrations were highest in carnivorous species, yellow hake (Cynoscion acoupa) (0.296 mg kg-1), the Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus) (0.263 mg kg-1), whereas lowest concentrations were recorded in iliophagous Mullets (Mugil curema) (0.021 mg kg-1) and the Shorthead drum Larimus breviceps (0.025 mg kg-1). Significant correlations were observed between Hg concentrations and fish length in two species: the Coco-Sea catfish (Bagre bagre) and the Atlantic bumper (Chloroscombrus crysurus), but not in the other species, since they presented relatively uniform size of individuals and/or a small number of samples. Risk coefficients, despite the relatively low Hg concentrations, suggest that consumers should limit their consumption of Yellow hake and Atlantic croaker, as they can present some risk to human health (EDI > RfD and THQ > 1), depending on the frequency of their consumption and the consumer's body weight.

The Mas agonist CGEN-856S prevents Ang II induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy via nitric oxide production.

With the previous knowledge of the cardioprotective effects of the Angiotensin-(1-7) axis, a agonist of Mas receptor has been described, the CGEN-856S. This peptide is more stable than Ang-(1-7), and has a low binding affinity to Angiotensin II receptors. Although the cardioprotective effects of CGEN-856S were previously shown in vivo, the mechanisms behind its effects are still unknown. Here, we employed a combination of molecular biology, confocal microscopy, and genetically modified mouse with Mas deletion to investigate the CGEN-856S protective signaling in cardiomyocytes. In isolated adult ventricular myocytes, CGEN-856S induced an increase in nitric oxide (NO) production which was absent in cells from Mas knockout mice. Using western blot, we observed a significant increase in phosphorylation of AKT after treatment with CGEN-856S. In addition, CGEN-856S prevented the Ang II induced hypertrophy and the nuclear translocation of GRK5 in a culture model of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes. Blockage of Mas receptor and inhibition of the NO synthase abolished the effects of CGEN-856S on Ang II treated cardiomyocytes. In conclusion, we show that CGEN-856S acting via receptor Mas induces NO raise to block Ang II induced cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. These results indicate that CGEN-856S acts very similarly to Ang-(1-7) in cardiac myocytes, highlighting its therapeutic potential for treating cardiovascular diseases.

Text-Driven Video Acceleration: A Weakly-Supervised Reinforcement Learning Method.

The growth of videos in our digital age and the users' limited time raise the demand for processing untrimmed videos to produce shorter versions conveying the same information. Despite the remarkable progress that summarization methods have made, most of them can only select a few frames or skims, creating visual gaps and breaking the video context. This paper presents a novel weakly-supervised methodology based on a reinforcement learning formulation to accelerate instructional videos using text. A novel joint reward function guides our agent to select which frames to remove and reduce the input video to a target length without creating gaps in the final video. We also propose the Extended Visually-guided Document Attention Network (VDAN+), which can generate a highly discriminative embedding space to represent both textual and visual data. Our experiments show that our method achieves the best performance in Precision, Recall, and F1 Score against the baselines while effectively controlling the video's output length.

Mercury Sources, Emissions, Distribution and Bioavailability along an Estuarine Gradient under Semiarid Conditions in Northeast Brazil.

In the semiarid coast of northeast Brazil, climate change and changes in land use in drainage basins affect river hydrodynamics and hydrochemistry, modifying the estuarine environment and its biogeochemistry and increasing the mobilization of mercury (Hg). This is particularly relevant to the largest semiarid-encroached basin of the region, the Jaguaribe River. Major Hg sources to the Jaguaribe estuary are solid waste disposal, sewage and shrimp farming, the latter emitting effluents directly into the estuary. Total annual emission reaches 300 kg. In that estuary, the distribution of Hg in sediment and suspended particulate matter decreases seaward, whereas dissolved Hg concentrations increase sharply seaward, suggesting higher mobilization at the marine-influenced, mangrove-dominated portion of the estuary, mostly in the dry season. Concentrations of Hg in rooted macrophytes respond to Hg concentrations in sediment, being higher in the fluvial endmember of the estuary, whereas in floating aquatic macrophytes, Hg concentrations followed dissolved Hg concentrations in water and were also higher in the dry season. Animals (fish and crustaceans) also showed higher concentrations and bioaccumulation in the marine-influenced portion of the estuary. The variability of Hg concentrations in plants and sediments agrees with continental sources of Hg. However, Hg fractionation in water and contents in the animals respond to higher Hg availability in the marine-dominated end of the estuary. The results suggest that the impact of anthropogenic sources on Hg bioavailability is modulated by regional and global environmental changes and results from a conjunction of biological, ecological and hydrological characteristics. Finally, increasing aridity due to global warming, observed in northeast Brazil, as well as in other semiarid littorals worldwide, in addition to increased water overuse, augment Hg bioavailability and environmental risk and exposure of the local biota and the tradition of human populations exploiting the estuary's biological resources.

Transtornos de ansiedade: histórico, aspectos clínicos e classificações atuais / Anxiety disorders: history, clinical features, and current classifications

Objetivos: contribuir para a compreensão do desenvolvimento histórico do conceito de ansiedade, das classificações dos transtornos ansiosos e suas manifestações clínicas, bem como para a atualização sobre o processo de avaliação diagnóstica. Métodos: todas as edições das classificações da Organização Mundial de Saúde (OMS) - CID e da Associação Psiquiátrica Americana (APA) - DSM foram examinadas, além de livros-texto de referência de psiquiatria clínica, de publicações sobre a história e a evolução desses diagnósticos e de publicações produzidas pelas equipes responsáveis pela revisão das classificações atuais. Resultados: entende-se por ansiedade um estado afetivo normal, como um sintoma ou um termo para nomear um grupo de transtornos mentais. Nas primeiras e subsequentes edições das classificações da OMS e da APA, entre 1948 e 1975, os quadros ansiosos faziam parte do grupo das psiconeurose/neuroses. A partir do DSM-III (1980), o grupo das neuroses foi fragmentado em diversos outros, entre os quais os transtornos de ansiedade, o que foi seguido pela CID-10 (1992), apesar de alguma distinção na composição dos subtipos. Para as últimas versões, houve um empenho de compatibilização entre as duas, contudo restaram diferenças: o DSM-5 (2013) adota critérios diagnósticos; a CID-11 (2019) utiliza descrições clínicas e diretrizes diagnósticas, além de abordagens dimensionais para alguns transtornos. Conclusão: ocorreram modificações nas classificações psiquiátricas atuais, no grupo dos transtornos de ansiedade, que precisam ser disseminadas e agregadas a estratégias de formação e qualificação profissionais, incrementando habilidades diagnósticas e permitindo uma comunicação mais uniforme e precisa na prática clínica.

Objectives: to contribute to the understanding of the historical development of the concept of anxiety, the classifications of anxiety disorders and their clinical manifestations, as well as to update on the diagnostic evaluation process. Methods: all editions of the classifications of the World Health Organization (WHO) - ICD and the American Psychiatric Association (APA) - DSM were examined, in addition to reference textbooks on clinical psychiatry, publications on the history and evolution of these diagnoses, and scientific articles produced by the teams responsible for reviewing the current classifications. Results: anxiety is understood as a normal affective state, as a symptom, or as a term to name a group of mental disorders. In the first and subsequent editions of the WHO and APA classifications, between 1948 and 1975, anxiety disorders were part of the psychoneuroses/neuroses group. As of DSM-III (1980) onwards, the neuroses group was fragmented into several others, including anxiety disorders, which was followed by ICD-10 (1992), despite some different choices of subtypes. For the latest versions, there was a compatibility effort between them. However, differences remained: DSM-5 (2013) adopts diagnostic criteria; ICD-11 (2019) uses clinical description and diagnostic guidelines, in addition to dimensional approaches for some disorders. Conclusion: modifications have occurred in current psychiatric classifications, in the group of anxiety disorders, which need to be disseminated and added to professional training and qualification strategies, increasing diagnostic skills and providing for more uniform and accurate communication in clinical practice.

Mercury concentrations in coastal Elasmobranchs (Hypanus guttatus and Rhizoprionodon porosus) and human exposure in Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil.

Elasmobranchs are long-lived predatory fish that show high Hg concentrations generally reflecting environmental levels, notwithstanding they are widely consumed in Brazil increasing Hg exposure to humans. This study reports on Hg concentrations in largely consumed sharks (Rhizoprionodon porosus) and rays (Hypanus guttatus) from the Pernambuco coast, NE Brazil and the risk associated with their consumption. Muscle tissue concentrations of Hg in H. guttatus and R. porosus varied from 40 to 1,020 ng.g-1 w.w. (median = 125; mean = 124 ± 48 ng.g-1 w.w.) in sharks and from 129 to 2,130 ng.g-1 w.w. (median = 976; mean = 919 ± 139 ng.g-1 w.w.) in rays. Concentrations of Hg positively correlated with size in sharks, but not in rays. Concentrations reflect the local environmental contamination of a large urban center and industrial park concentrated in a short extension of mangrove-dominated coastline (50 km) and are higher compared to other Brazilian sites where Hg concentrations in these species have been reported. Sharks had a risk coefficient (HQ) range of 0.04 to 1.1, not surpassing the reference level of exposure. On the other hand, rays' HQ ranged from 0.14 to 2.3, and exceeds the reference level of exposure and suggests adverse effects to consumers.

Breast cancer and clinically negative status after neoadjuvant chemotherapy

Introduction: Axillary dissection is increasingly less indicated for axillary evaluation of patients with breast cancer and clinically negative axilla. This study evaluated the application of sentinel lymph node in patients with clinical axillary remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Methods: Prospective study carried out from December 2017 to July 2018, at the Liga Norte Riograndense Contra o Cancer. We considered 24 patients who had a positive axilla and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy had clinical axillary remission (ypN0). Only patients with a strongly positive status during physical examination were included, and biopsy and ultrasound examinations were not required to confirm axillary disease. The dual-tracer technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy followed by axillary dissection was used. Results: The accuracy of the sentinel lymph node in patients with clinical axillary remission was 91.7%, with a false negative rate of 13.3% (2/24). It was observed that 66.6% of patients were stage I after chemotherapy and 13 patients with negative sentinel lymph node biopsy no longer had axillary disease. During the sentinel lymph node biopsy procedure, 16 patients (79.1%) had only 1 sentinel lymph node removed. Conclusions: For patients with clinical axillary remission after neoadjuvant chemotherapy, sentinel lymph node biopsy has been included in clinical practice, reducing the indications for axillary dissection and, consequently, its morbidity. The dual-agent mapping technique of sentinel lymph node biopsy and a sample of 3 lymph nodes at surgery decrease false-negative rates and make the procedure safer.

Feasibility of three-dimensional CT reconstruction in assessing mandibular fractures: a survey among oral surgeons and dental maxillofacial radiologists

Aim: Evaluation of the reliability of 3D computed tomography (3D-CT) in the diagnosis of mandibular fractures. Methods: A cross-sectional, quantitative and qualitative study was carried out, through the application of a questionnaire for 70 professionals in the area of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Radiology. 3D-CT images of mandibular fractures were delivered to the interviewees along with a questionnaire. Participants answered about the number of traces, the region and the type of fracture. The correct diagnosis, that is, the expected answer, was based on the reports of a specialist in oral and maxillofacial radiology after viewing the images in the axial, sagittal and coronal sections. The resulting data from the interviewees was compared with the expected answer and then, the data was analyzed statistically. Results: In the sample 56.9% were between 22 and 30 years old, 52.8% were oral and maxillofacial surgeons (OMF), 34.7% were residents in OMF surgery and 12.5% OMF radiologists. Each professional answered 15 questions (related to five patients) and 50.8% of the total of these was answered correctly. Specialists in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Traumatology correctly answered 53.9%. Interviewees with experience between 6 and 10 years correctly answered 58.2%. In identifying fracture traces, 46.1% of the questions were answered correctly. In terms of location, 5.6% of interviewees answered wrongly while 14.2% answered wrongly regarding classification. Conclusion: 3D computed tomography did not prove to be a reliable image for diagnosing mandibular fractures when used alone. This made necessary an association with axial, sagittal and coronal tomographic sections

Ecological and biological factors associated to mercury accumulation in batoids (Chondrichthyes: Batoidea) from northeastern Brazil.

The present study aims to understand how ecological and biological factors affect the Hg levels in stingrays occurring in the Northeastern Brazilian coast. Total mercury (Hg), methylmercury (MeHg) and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) analyses were performed in five species. Hypanus americanus and Gymnura micrura showed the highest total Hg concentrations (300 and 176 ng.g-1, respectively). Hypanus guttatus exhibited a significant correlation between total Hg and size. Both species of the genus Hypanus presented the highest percentage of MeHg, around 100%, whereas the other species showed median percentages below 50%. The δ13C and δ15N signatures suggest that all studied species present the same foraging habitat but different trophic positions. Trophic position and animal size were the main factors influencing total Hg and MeHg concentrations in batoid species. The genus Hypanus, present in the Brazilian fish markets, showed concentrations above the accepted limits for human consumption.

Influence of size on total mercury (THg), methyl mercury (MeHg), and stable isotopes of N and C in green turtles (Chelonia mydas) from NE Brazil.

The green turtle (Chelonia mydas) is known to present an herbivorous diet as an adult; however, juveniles may have an omnivore habit, and these changes in food preference may affect the uptake and accumulation of pollutants, such as mercury (Hg). In order to better understand the influence of this ontogenetic shift on Hg accumulation, this study evaluates the concentrations of total mercury (THg), methyl mercury (MeHg), and stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen (δ13C and δ15N) in a group of juveniles of the green turtle. Tissue samples (liver, kidney, muscle, and scutes) were sampled from 47 turtles stranded dead on the coast of Bahia, NE, Brazil, between 2009 and 2013. The turtles analyzed showed a size range of 24.9-62.0 cm and an average of 36.4 ± 7.2 cm of curved carapace length. The scutes showed to be a viable method for Hg monitoring in the green turtles. The concentrations of THg and MeHg decreased with increasing size. The isotope values of δ15N and δ13C did not show a clear relationship with the size, suggesting that the green turtles used in our work would be occupying similar trophic levels, and foraging habitat.

Contrasting Mercury Bioavailability in the Marine and Fluvial Dominated Areas of the Jaguaribe River Basin, Ceará, Brazil.

This study evaluates the influence of environmental and biological factors upon the mercury (Hg) concentrations in the aquatic fauna in the Lower Jaguaribe River Basin (LJRB) - NE, Brazil. Two campaigns conducted in 2015 in the fluvial (FDA) and in the marine-dominated (MDA) areas resulted in 830 organisms from 16 species collected (nine of finfish and seven of invertebrates). Among the invertebrates, the highest Hg concentration occurred in the crab Callinectes bocourti (201 ng g-1), while among the finfish the highest concentration was found in the ladyfish Elops saurus (109 ng g-1), both carnivorous and of high trophic level (TL). Intra-specific comparison showed significant higher Hg concentrations in individuals captured in the MDA. Also, Hg bioaccumulation rate in the shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei was much higher in the MDA. These results, point to a concomitant control of Hg bioavailability by physical-chemical variables along the estuarine gradient of the LJRB.

Tratamento cirúrgico de cisto epidermoide em região submandibular: relato de caso / Surgical treatment of epidermoid cyst submandibular region: case report

Os cistos epidermoides são cistos de desenvolvimento, benignos, cutâneos ou intraósseos, sendo atípicos na face. Podem crescer em qualquer parte do corpo, porém apenas 7% deles estão localizados na região da cabeça e pescoço. Surgem a partir da implantação traumática do epitélio ou aprisionamento de restos epiteliais durante a fusão embrionária. Comumente são lesões assintomáticas, de crescimento lento e, dependendo da extensão, podem causar alterações estéticas significativas. O exame microscópico revela uma cavidade limitada por epitélio escamoso estratificado, similar à epiderme, como também uma camada de células granulares bem desenvolvidas, com o lúmen preenchido por ortoceratina degenerada. O tratamento de escolha é a remoção cirúrgica completa da lesão através da enucleação de toda a cápsula cística. Este artigo tem como objetivo demonstrar o tratamento cirúrgico de um paciente portador de cisto epidermoide em região submandibular, bem como discutir suas características clínicas e cirúrgicas... (AU)

Epidermoid cysts are developing cysts, benign, cutaneous or intraosseous, and atypical in the face. They can grow on any part of the body, but only 7% of them are located in the head and neck, and 1.6% occurs in the oral cavity, accounting for 0.01% of all cysts of the oral cavity. These cysts arise from the traumatic implantation of epithelium or entrapment of epithelial debris during embryonic fusion. They are usually asymptomatic lesions, slow growth and depending on the extent can cause significant cosmetic changes. Microscopic examination revealed a limited cavity by stratified squamous epithelium resembling the epidermis, but also a well-developed layer of granular cells, with the lumen filled with degenerated ortoceratina. The treatment of choice is the complete surgical removal with enucleation of the entire cystic capsule. This article aims to demonstrate the surgical treatment of an epidermoid cyst patient with a submandibular region and discuss their clinical and surgical characteristics... (AU)

Novel agonist of adenosine receptor induces relaxation of corpus cavernosum in guinea pigs: an in vitro and in vivo study.

OBJECTIVE: To test the relaxation effect of a new adenosine receptor agonist N-acylhydrazone derivative, 3,4-dimethoxyphenyl-N-methyl-benzoylhydrazide (LASSBio-1359), on in vitro and in vivo preparation of corpus cavernosum (CC), and its interaction with type-5 phosphodiesterase enzyme inhibitor, sildenafil. METHODS: For in vitro study, an increasing concentration of LASSBio-1359 was added in the solution at the plateau isometric tension recording of isolated guinea pig CC induced by phenylephrine (30 µM). Concentration-response curve was repeated in the presence of A2A receptor antagonist, ZM 241385 (10 µM). Sildenafil-induced CC relaxing effect was compared with that of LASSBio-1359. Isobolographic analysis was performed to identify possible synergistic interaction between LASSBio-1359 and sildenafil. For in vivo study, blood pressure response in the CC of guinea pig was measured after administration of LASSBio-1359 (10 mg/kg intravenously) or sildenafil (10 mg/kg intravenously). RESULTS: LASSBio-1359 caused relaxation of phenylephrine-induced contraction of isolated CC in a concentration-dependent manner (IC50 = 10.1 ± 1.8 µM), which was shifted to the right in the presence of ZM 241385 (IC50 = 27.1 ± 1.4 µM; P <.05). Isobolographic analysis showed synergistic interaction between LASSBio-1359 and sildenafil. As sildenafil, LASSBio-1359 increased blood pressure oscillation in the CC confirming its systemic efficacy. CONCLUSION: CC relaxing effects induced by the adenosine A2A receptor agonist, LASSBio-1359, demonstrated in vitro and in vivo experimental protocols, represent a promise therapeutic option for the treatment of erectile dysfunction. Synergistic interaction of LASSBio-1359 with sildenafil suggests a combined use to reach a higher population of patients with erectile dysfunction.

Synthesis of N-methylarylnitrones derived from alkyloxybenzaldehydes and antineoplastic effect on human cancer cell lines.

New O-isoprenylated-N-methylarylnitrones derived from isomeric o, m and p-hydroxybenzaldehydes have been prepared and the antineoplastic effects on human cancer cell lines were evaluated. The O-geranylated nitrone LQB-278 (1b) and its isomers 2b and 3b inhibited the NO production, but the anti-leukemic activity was drastically dependent on nitrone isomer, with the 1b being the most effective one (IC50 of 6.7 µM) on Jurkat leukemia cell, by MTT assay. In addition, 1b up-regulated p21CIP1/WAF1/Sdi1 protein expression (flow cytometry), a cell cycle inhibitor, reduced cell growth, and induced DNA fragmentation (increased sub-G1 phase cells) and phosphatidylserine externalization in plasmatic membrane (increased annexin V positive cells). Finally, the 1b up-regulation of p21 expression and apoptosis induction seem to be the mechanisms by which it promotes its anti-leukemic effects, making this new molecular architecture a promising prototype for leukemia intervention.

Série histórica da dengue e do aedes aegypti no Ceará / Time series analysis of incidence of dengue and Aedes aegypti in Ceará / Serie historica de la dengue y el Aedes aegypti en Ceará

Analisar o comportamento epidemiológico da dengue no Ceará e o controle do Aedes aegypti. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo documental, com base na consulta aos boletins epidemiológicos divulgados pela Secretaria Estadual de Saúde do Ceará referentes ao período de 1986 a 2011 e outros documentos complementares. Realizou-se análise descritiva da incidência de dengue no Ceará nesse período, segundo faixa etária, formas graves, óbitos e circulação do vírus DEN-V. Analisou-se o programa de controle vetorial e a evolução da infestação e transmissão da dengue no mesmo período. Resultados: Constatou-se que, de 1986 a 2011, ocorreram cinco epidemias de dengue no Ceará, com elevada incidência, sendo que, de 2008 a 2010 as crianças foram as mais acometidas. Em média, houve infestação pelo Aedes aegypti em 120 municípios e transmissão em 84, anualmente. A circulação de mais de um sorotipo culminou em um grande número de óbitos quase todos os anos, superior ao aceitável pela Organização Mundial de Saúde. Conclusão: O comportamento epidemiológico da dengue no Ceará justifica a classificação de ?área de vulnerabilidade de risco muito alto? feita pelo Ministério da Saúde. Nos últimos anos, a proporção de casos graves tem aumentado, decorrendo, provavelmente, da circulação simultânea de três sorotipos virais e da população sensibilizada por infecções anteriores. Essa situação é agravada pela presençado vetor em quase todo o estado e pela deficiência da política de controle vetorial...

To analyze the epidemiological behavior of dengue in the state of Ceara and the control of Aedes aegypti. Methods: This is a documentary study that used as data source the epidemiological bulletins published by the Ceara State Department of Health and other complementary documents from 1986 to 2011. A descriptive analysis of the incidence of dengue in this period was carried out according to age, severe forms, deaths and circulation of DEN-V virus. The study analyzed the vector control program and the evolution of infestation and dengue transmission in the same period. Results: It was found that, from 1986 to 2011, Ceara had five dengue epidemics with high incidence rates, and from 2008 to 2010, children were the most affected group. On average, there was Aedes aegypti infestation in 120 municipalities and transmission in 84 of them annually. The circulation of more than one serotype resulted in a large number of deaths almost every year, more than that estimated by the World Health Organization. Conclusion: The epidemiological behavior of dengue in Ceara justifies the classification made by the Ministry of Health that acknowledges the State as a Very High Risk-area with vulnerability to the disease. In recent years, the rate of severe cases has increased, probably because of the simultaneous circulation of three serotypes and the population?s sensitization due to previous infections. This situation is aggravated by the vector presence in nearly the entire State and a deficient vector control policy...

Analizar el comportamiento epidemiológico de La dengue en Ceará, y el control del Aedes aegypti. Métodos: Se trata de un estudio documental basado en revisiones de boletines epidemiológicos divulgados por la Secretaria Estadual de Saludde Ceará, correspondientes al periodo entre 1986 y 2011 y otros documentos complementares. Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de la incidencia de dengue en Ceará nesse periodo según la franja etaria, formas graves, muertes y circulación del virus DEN-V. Se analizó el programa de control vectorial y la evolución de infestación y trasmisión de la dengue en el mismo periodo. Resultados: Se constató que entre 1986 y 2011 ocurrieron cinco epidemias de dengue en Ceará con elevada incidencia, siendo que, entre 2008 y 2010 los niños fueron los más acometidos. Hubouna media de 120 municipios con infestación por el A. aegypti al año y transmisión en 84 de ellos. La circulación de más de un serotipo dio lugar a un gran número de muertes casi cadaaño, más del aceptable por la Organización Mundial de la Salud. Conclusión: El comportamiento epidemiológico de la dengue en Ceará justifica la clasificación hecha por el Ministerio de La Salud, en Área de vulnerabilidad de Riesgo Muy Elevado para La aparición de la enfermedad. En los últimos años la proporción de casos graves ha aumentado probablemente en consecuencia de La circulación simultánea de tres serotipos virales y de la población sensibilizada por infecciones anteriores. Esta situación está peor por la presencia del vector en casi todo el Estado y por La deficiencia de la política de control vectorial...

Assessment of lymphocele incidence following 450 renal transplantations

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of lymphocele in the follow-up of patients who underwent renal transplantation, as well as potential factors responsible or associated to its development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All records from patients who were treated for lymphocele in our institution between May 1989 and December 2002 were reviewed, as well as their clinical outcome following treatment. RESULTS: Among 450 patients who underwent renal transplantation in the period, only 3 required treatment, with 2 of them treated due to the collection volume, and the other due to symptoms (pain), representing an incidence of only 0.6 percent. COMMENTS: The occurrence of perirenal fluid collections following renal transplantation is frequent. In cases where treatment is required, this can generate an excessive morbidity for the patient, which motivates the development of preventive methods, such as minimally invasive therapy, for such cases. CONCLUSION: Careful ligation of lymphatic vessels both during graft preparation and during its implantation, added to post-operative drainage can significantly contribute to reducing the incidence of lymphocele following renal transplantation.

Assessment of lymphocele incidence following 450 renal transplantations.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the incidence of lymphocele in the follow-up of patients who underwent renal transplantation, as well as potential factors responsible or associated to its development. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All records from patients who were treated for lymphocele in our institution between May 1989 and December 2002 were reviewed, as well as their clinical outcome following treatment. RESULTS: Among 450 patients who underwent renal transplantation in the period, only 3 required treatment, with 2 of them treated due to the collection volume, and the other due to symptoms (pain), representing an incidence of only 0.6%. COMMENTS: The occurrence of perirenal fluid collections following renal transplantation is frequent. In cases where treatment is required, this can generate an excessive morbidity for the patient, which motivates the development of preventive methods, such as minimally invasive therapy, for such cases. CONCLUSION: Careful ligation of lymphatic vessels both during graft preparation and during its implantation, added to post-operative drainage can significantly contribute to reducing the incidence of lymphocele following renal transplantation.