ABSTRACT
Background and Aim: The use of helmets has been reported to reduce the incidence and severity of head injuries in motorcyclists. However, there remains a significant gap in knowledge regarding the effectiveness of helmets, especially in preventing jaw and tooth injuries. Patients and Methods: In this retrospective analytical study record, all traffic accidents that occurred continuously from 2017 to 2019 in which the motorcyclists were on at least one side of the collision based on inclusion criteria. Data from injury variables in medical records were merged with data related to helmet use in the trauma registration system in Excel software. Then, the final analysis was performed with STATA software version 14 at a significance level of < 0.05. Results: In total, 1807 people participated in the study, and 160 (9.37) people used helmets. The incidence rate of jaw and tooth injuries was 86 (5.04%). Logistic regression implied that the odds ratio for helmet use was 0.7, which considering the p value of 0.419, shows no significant relationship between wearing helmets and jaw and tooth injuries. Conclusion: Helmets alone cannot prevent jaw and tooth injuries, and designers should design helmets that protect the head and the jaw and tooth. In prevention programs and campaigns for motorcyclists, every age, gender, job, grade group and marital status are target groups.
ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND/AIM: Post-traumatic stress disorders, depression, and pain are rarely discussed in the literature on maxillofacial injuries, and psychiatric symptoms and pain are not identified and managed in such patients. The aim of this study was to determine the symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorders, depression, and pain in people with maxillofacial injuries following motor vehicle accidents. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, people injured in motor vehicle accidents from March to September 2015 who were referred to a medical educational center in the northern part of Iran for treatment follow-up were sampled. The existing symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder by PSS, depression by BDI-II, and pain by NRS were assessed. SPSS software version 21 was used for analysis. RESULTS: Maxillofacial injured patients had significant differences in terms of post-traumatic stress disorder (p = .006), depression (p = .001), pain (p = .001), and length of hospital stay (p = .002) than patients without maxillofacial injuries. CONCLUSIONS: Motor vehicle accident victims with maxillofacial injuries suffered significantly more from post-traumatic stress disorders and depression, pain and length of hospital stay than patients with other injuries.