ABSTRACT
ABSTACT Wnt/ß-catenin signaling pathway through Frizzled receptors has been shown to play a key role in both normal development and tumorigenesis. Overexpression of Wnt pathway genes, such as Fzd7 in several malignancies is well-documented. Therefore, targeting of Fzd7 and its ligand inhibits cancer cells proliferation metastasis. In the present study we isolated single chain variable fragments (scFvs) against Fzd7 receptor using phage display method. Semi-synthetic human naive antibody libraries (Tomlinson I + J) was employed in panning procedure to isolate specific scFv against specific peptide from extracellular domain of Fzd7 receptor. The reactivity and growth inhibition effects of the selected antibodies was evaluated using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), MTT and annexin V assays, respectively. Seven scFvs reactive to Fzd7 were selected following 4 rounds of panning. The results showed that the selected scFvs inhibits cell growth through apoptosis cell death in a triple negative breast cancer cells, MDA-MB-231. Given that Fzd7 and Wnt pathway plays a critical role in tumor progression, selected blocking scFvs represent significant potential for immunotherapy of breast cancer cells.
Subject(s)
Frizzled Receptors/administration & dosage , Frizzled Receptors/immunology , Single-Chain Antibodies/administration & dosage , Single-Chain Antibodies/immunology , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/immunology , Apoptosis/drug effects , Apoptosis/immunology , Cell Line, Tumor , Cell Surface Display Techniques , Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor/methods , Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/methods , Humans , Immunoassay/methods , Treatment Outcome , Triple Negative Breast Neoplasms/pathologyABSTRACT
Leishmaniasis is one of the most common infectious diseases transmitted by an obligate intracellular genus Leishmania. As there is no efficient vaccination strategy for leishmaniasis, new immunostimulatory components may enhance protective immune responses against this parasite. Lipophosphoglycan 3 (LPG3) is an essential protein required for LPG assembling. In this study, the ability of recombinant LPG3 (rLPG) and its fragments to activate isolated healthy human T-cells and cytokine secretion was evaluated in vitro. The results showed that rLPG3 and its N-terminal fragment (rNT-LPG3) enhanced expression of CD69 on the surface of T-cells and promoted differentiation of CD4(+) T-lymphocytes toward a T-helper 1 (T(H)1) phenotype, in part, through up-regulation of interferon (IFN)-γ expression in a TLR2-independent manner. These results indicated the protective effects of LPG3 (particularly NT-LPG3 fragment) as a potent immunostimulatory component of leishmania in vaccination against leishmaniasis. Further investigations in in vivo assays are clearly warranted.
Subject(s)
Glycosphingolipids , Leishmania major/immunology , Leishmaniasis Vaccines , Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects , Th1 Cells/immunology , Toll-Like Receptor 2/immunology , Female , Glycosphingolipids/genetics , Glycosphingolipids/immunology , Glycosphingolipids/pharmacology , Humans , Leishmania major/genetics , Leishmaniasis Vaccines/genetics , Leishmaniasis Vaccines/immunology , Leishmaniasis Vaccines/pharmacology , Male , Recombinant Proteins/genetics , Recombinant Proteins/immunology , Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology , Toll-Like Receptor 2/agonistsABSTRACT
MSCs are multipotent progenitors which reside in bone marrow. They support hematopoietic stem cells homing, self renewal and differentiation in bone marrow. They can also differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, myocyates and many other tissues. In vivo, when trauma happens, MSCs operate cell renewal and migrate to the damaged tissues to regenerate that injury. In vitro, MSCs are able to proliferate and differentiate to a variety of cell lineages. This makes them a very hopeful tool for cell-based regenerative therapy for large bone defects, maxillofacial skeletal reconstruction, cardiovascular and spinal cord injury and so many other defects. The most important characteristic that make MSCs an excellent tool for cell replacement is their ability to escape from immune rejection. For therapeutic purposes they usually isolated from human bone marrow or fat and they should proliferate in order to reach an adequate number for implantation. Conventionally DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS is used for their expansion, but currently autologous platelet rich products are replaced FBS. Platelet granules contain so many growth factors that can support MSCs proliferation.
