Compliance of nutritional recommendations of spanish pregnant women according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics: a cohort study / Cumplimiento de las recomendaciones nutricionales de mujeres embarazadas en España en relación a sus características sociodemográficas: estudio de una cohorte

Objective: To assess nutrient intakes and compliance with nutritional recommendations in pregnant women according to selected sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles. Methods: Cross-sectional study based on data from Spanish INMA cohort which recruited 2,585 pregnant women between 2003 and 2008 from four different regions of Spain. Sociodemographic information and anthropometry was collected and dietary intake was assessed through Food Frequency Questionnaires. The adequacy of food group intake was assessed considering current recommendations and from the Spanish Society of Nutrition. Moreover, intake of vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E, were compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes of the US Institute of Medicine. Results: Percentage of women that did not fulfil the recommendations for cereals and legumes (3-4 servings/ day) was 70.0%, for fruit intake (2-3 servings/day) it was 39.2%, for vegetables (2-4 servings/day) 47.3% and for dairy (3-4 servings/day) it was 51.6%. Intake of fruit and vegetables increased with age, educational degree and with physical activity (p<0.005). Also non-Spanish achieved better the recommendations. Percentage of pregnant women that did not fulfil the requirements (DRI) of vitamins A and C was 13.2 % and 16.2 respectively. More than 65% of the women did not met the recommended diary intake of vitamin E of 19 mg/day during the lactation period. Conclusions: Maternal age, education, having healthy habits, as well as country of origin are factors strongly associated with the composition of the diet. Sedentary women and those with a low education are at risk for low vitamin and antioxidant intake and non-optimal food choices during pregnancy (AU)

Objetivo: Estudiar las ingesta dietética y cumplimiento de las recomendaciones nutricionales de una población de mujeres embarazadas, de acuerdo a sus características sociodemográficas y hábitos de vida. Métodos: se trata de un estudio prospectivo basado en datos de la cohorte española INMA (Infancia y Medioambiente). Se han reclutado 2.585 mujeres embarazadas entre los años 2003 y 2008 en cuatro regiones diferentes de España. La ingesta dietética ha sido recogida mediante Cuestionarios de Frecuencia Alimentaria (CFA) y la información antropométrica, sociodemográfica y de estilos de vida a través de cuestionarios generales. La ingesta de grupos de alimentos y de vitaminas A, C y E y carotenoides fueron comparadas con las ingestas dietéticas de referencia de las guías Española y Americana. Resultados: El porcentaje de mujeres embarazadas que no cumplían las recomendaciones de cereales y legumbres (3-4 raciones /día) fue del 70 %, de frutas (2-3 raciones /día) el 39,2%, de verduras (2-4 raciones /día) fue del 47,3% y de lácteos (3-4 raciones /día) el 51,6%. La ingesta de frutas y verduras fue mayor en mujeres extranjeras y aumento con la edad, con el nivel de estudios y en mujeres con mayor actividad física (p<0.005). El porcentaje de mujeres embarazadas que no cumplieron los requerimientos (CDR) de vitaminas A y C fueron el 13,2% 16, 2% respectivamente. Más del 65% de las mujeres no cumplieron el mínimo de ingesta de vitamina E (19 mg/día) recomendado para mujeres embarazadas y en periodo de lactancia. Conclusiones: En este estudio se ha observado que factores como la edad, educación, tener hábitos de vida saludables así como el país de origen están fuertemente asociados a la composición de la dieta en las mujeres embarazadas. Mujeres sedentarias y con bajo nivel educativo tienen ingesta más bajas de vitaminas y antioxidantes procedentes de las frutas y verduras y por lo tanto más riesgo de llevar una dieta poco adecuada durante el embarazo (AU)

Compliance of nutritional recommendations of Spanish pregnant women according to sociodemographic and lifestyle characteristics: a cohort study.

OBJECTIVE: To assess nutrient intakes and compliance with nutritional recommendations in pregnant women according to selected sociodemographic characteristics and lifestyles. METHODS: Cross-sectional study based on data from Spanish INMA cohort which recruited 2,585 pregnant women between 2003 and 2008 from four different regions of Spain. Sociodemographic information and anthropometry was collected and dietary intake was assessed through Food Frequency Questionnaires. The adequacy of food group intake was assessed considering current recommendations and from the Spanish Society of Nutrition. Moreover, intake of vitamin A, vitamin C and vitamin E, were compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes of the US Institute of Medicine. RESULTS: Percentage of women that did not fulfil the recommendations for cereals and legumes (3-4 servings/day) was 70.0%, for fruit intake (2-3 servings/day) it was 39.2%, for vegetables (2-4 servings/day) 47.3% and for dairy (3-4 servings/day) it was 51.6%. Intake of fruit and vegetables increased with age, educational degree and with physical activity (p<0.05). Also non-Spanish achieved better the recommendations. Percentage of pregnant women that did not fulfil the requirements (DRI) of vitamins A and C was 13.2 % and 16.2 respectively. More than 65% of the women did not met the recommended diary intake of vitamin E of 19 mg/day during the lactation period. CONCLUSIONS: Maternal age, education, having healthy habits, as well as country of origin are factors strongly associated with the composition of the diet. Sedentary women and those with a low education are at risk for low vitamin and antioxidant intake and non-optimal food choices during pregnancy.

Objetivo: Estudiar las ingesta dietética y cumplimiento de las recomendaciones nutricionales de una población de mujeres embarazadas, de acuerdo a sus características sociodemográficas y hábitos de vida. Métodos: se trata de un estudio prospectivo basado en datos de la cohorte española INMA (Infancia y Medioambiente). Se han reclutado 2.585 mujeres embarazadas entre los años 2003 y 2008 en cuatro regiones diferentes de España. La ingesta dietética ha sido recogida mediante Cuestionarios de Frecuencia Alimentaria (CFA) y la información antropométrica, sociodemográfica y de estilos de vida a través de cuestionarios generales. La ingesta de grupos de alimentos y de vitaminas A, C y E y carotenoides fueron comparadas con las ingestas dietéticas de referencia de las guías Española y Americana. Resultados: El porcentaje de mujeres embarazadas que no cumplían las recomendaciones de cereales y legumbres (3-4 raciones /día) fue del 70 %, de frutas (2-3 raciones /día) el 39,2%, de verduras (2-4 raciones /día) fue del 47,3% y de lácteos (3-4 raciones /día) el 51,6%. La ingesta de frutas y verduras fue mayor en mujeres extranjeras y aumento con la edad, con el nivel de estudios y en mujeres con mayor actividad física (p.

Association between different obesity measures and the risk of stroke in the EPIC Spanish cohort.

INTRODUCTION: There is still a scientific debate on the exact role played by obesity on stroke risk. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to analyze the association between obesity, measured by different indices such as body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and a new one called A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and the risk of total and ischemic stroke. SUBJECTS/METHODS: A total of 41,020 subjects (15,490 men and 25,530 women) aged 29-69 years participated in the study. All participants were recruited between 1992 and 1996 and followed up until 2008 to ascertain incident cerebrovascular disease events. Cox proportional hazards models were designed to estimate the relative risk and 95% CI between obesity and cerebrovascular disease incidence. RESULTS: After 13.8 years of follow-up, a total of 674 stroke cases (55.3% in men) were registered (531 ischemic, 79 hemorrhagic, 42 subarachnoid hemorrhage and 22 unspecified). WC fourth quartile (HR 1.95; 95% CI 1.20-3.19) and WHR fourth quartile (HR 1.58; 95% CI 1.12-2.25) were positively associated with total stroke only in men. BMI was not associated with stroke incidence. The new index, ABSI, was significantly associated with total stroke incidence only in men (HR 1.54; 95% CI 1.06-2.23). CONCLUSIONS: Data from the Spanish EPIC cohort study show a strong association of WC and WHR with the relative risk of suffering a stroke only in men, while no associations were found for BMI. It supports the suggestion of other authors of using more than one obesity index in the study of stroke risk prediction.

Prenatal exposure to hexachlorobenzene (HCB) and reproductive effects in a multicentre birth cohort in Spain.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible association between birth size or gestational length and maternal serum concentrations of hexachlorobenzene (HCB) in a population exposed to background levels. METHODS: A total of 1568 mother-child pairs recruited in three Spanish areas (INMA Project) from 2004 to 2008 participated in the study. Multivariate analysis was performed between birth weight and length, weeks of gestation, preterm birth or small for gestational age and HCB concentrations in maternal serum. RESULTS: The median concentration of HCB was 45.45 ng/g lipids. No association was found between HCB exposure levels and birth weight (ß: -50.42 [-109.88; 9.04]), birth length (ß: -0.07 [-0.32; 0.18]), gestation age (HR: 1.07 [0.94; 1.22]), small for gestational age (OR: 0.95 [0.56; 1.61]) and preterm birth (OR: 0.60 [0.29; 1.28]). Results remain similar after adjustment for other organochlorines. CONCLUSION: Our findings support the idea that exposure to low levels of HCB does not affect the intrauterine growth nor the duration of gestation.