Manufacturing and validation of small-diameter vascular grafts: A mini review.

The field of small-diameter vascular grafts remains a challenge for biomaterials scientists. While decades of research have brought us much closer to developing biomimetic materials for regenerating tissues and organs, the physiological challenges involved in manufacturing small conduits that can transport blood while not inducing an immune response or promoting blood clots continue to limit progress in this area. In this short review, we present some of the most recent methods and advancements made by researchers working in the field of small-diameter vascular grafts. We also discuss some of the most critical aspects biomaterials scientists should consider when developing lab-made small-diameter vascular grafts.

Inflammation-suppressing cornea-in-a-syringe with anti-viral GF19 peptide promotes regeneration in HSV-1 infected rabbit corneas.

Pathophysiologic inflammation, e.g., from HSV-1 viral infection, can cause tissue destruction resulting in ulceration, perforation, and ultimately blindness. We developed an injectable Cornea-in-a-Syringe (CIS) sealant-filler to treat damaged corneas. CIS comprises linear carboxylated polymers of inflammation-suppressing 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, regeneration-promoting collagen-like peptide, and adhesive collagen-citrate glue. We also incorporated GF19, a modified anti-viral host defense peptide that blocked HSV-1 activity in vitro when released from silica nanoparticles (SiNP-GF19). CIS alone suppressed inflammation when tested in a surgically perforated and HSV-1-infected rabbit corneal model, allowing tissue and nerve regeneration. However, at six months post-operation, only regenerated neocorneas previously treated with CIS with SiNP-GF19 had structural and functional features approaching those of normal healthy corneas and were HSV-1 virus-free. We showed that composite injectable biomaterials can be designed to allow regeneration by modulating inflammation and blocking viral activity in an infected tissue. Future iterations could be optimized for clinical application.

Actualización de la Epidemiología de Tratamientos Quirúrgicos Maxilofaciales en Hospital Público de Santiago de Chile: Estudio Comparativo - Retrospectivo de 4 Años / Epidemiological Update of Maxillofacial Surgical Treatments in a Public Hospital in Santiago de Chile: A Comparative Retrospective Study of 4 Years

La cirugía maxilofacial es una especialidad médico quirúrgica que se encarga tanto del diagnóstico como del tratamiento de enfermedades que afecta al territorio craneofacial. En Chile existen pocos estudios epidemiológicos en cirugía maxilofacial que describan con detalle el tipo de intervenciones realizadas más allá del trauma maxilofacial, y que además involucren el período por pandemia COVID-19. El objetivo del estudio fue actualizar la epidemiología de resolución quirúrgica bajo anestesia general en el Hospital San José de Santiago de Chile entre los años 2018 y 2021 y compararlo con el estudio realizado en mismo recinto entre los años 2007 y 2013. Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo con 607 pacientes. Se recopiló información de acuerdo a edad, género del paciente y tipo de intervención. Del total de intervenciones realizadas, 176 (29%) correspondieron a trauma maxilofacial y 431 (71%) a cirugías de etiología no traumática. Edad promedio de 38,7 años. Proporción entre el sexo masculino y femenino de 1,28:1. La fractura más frecuente fue la mandibular (59,66%), seguida de la orbito cigomática (23,86%) y la panfacial (4,55%). En las cirugías de etiología no traumática predominaron las intervenciones por dismorfosis dentofaciales (23,2%), seguido tumores de los maxilares (20,41%), lesiones orales (18,56%), defocaciones dentarias (16,24%), infecciones (8,81%), patologías de articulación temporomandibular (8,35%) y finalmente retiro de material de osteosíntesis (4.41%). Las intervenciones de etiología no traumática y la resolución de fracturas mandibulares fueron los procedimientos más realizados por la unidad. El conocimiento de estos datos y la comparación con el estudio anterior permite observar el cambio en la epidemiologia, que puede explicarse por la pandemia por COVID-19. Considerando lo anterior, ambos tipos de intervenciones deben ser abordadas de manera integral y con las condiciones adecuadas. Para ello es importante enfocar los recursos en esas áreas y desarrollar mayor entrenamiento en las mismas.

Maxillofacial surgery is a medical- surgical specialty that deals with both diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting the craniofacial territory. In Chile there are few epidemiological studies in maxillofacial surgery that describe in detail the type of interventions performed beyond maxillofacial trauma, and that also involve the COVID-19 pandemic period. The aim of the study was to update the epidemiology of surgical resolution under general anesthesia at the Hospital San José in Santiago de Chile between 2018 and 2021 and to compare it with the study performed at the same hospital between 2007 and 2013. A retrospective study was performed with 607 patients. Information was collected according to age, patient gender and type of intervention. Of the total number of interventions performed, 176 (29%) corresponded to maxillofacial trauma and 431 (71%) to surgeries of non-traumatic etiology. Average age of 38.7 years. Male to female sex ratio of 1.28:1. The most frequent fracture was mandibular (59.66%), followed by orbito-zygomatic (23.86%) and panfacial (4.55%). In surgeries of non-traumatic etiology, interventions for dentofacial dysmorphosis predominated (23.2%), followed by tumors of the jaws (20.41%), oral lesions (18.56%), dental defocations (16.24%), infections (8.81%), temporomandibular joint pathologies (8.35%) and finally removal of osteosynthesis material (4.41%). Interventions of non-traumatic etiology and resolution of mandibular fractures were the procedures most performed by the unit. The knowledge of these data and the comparison with the previous study allows us to observe the change in epidemiology, which can be explained by the COVID-19 pandemic. Considering the above, both types of interventions should be approached in a comprehensive manner and with the appropriate conditions. To this end, it is important to focus resources in these areas and to develop more training in them.

Impact of artificial intelligence on human loss in decision making, laziness and safety in education.

This study examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on loss in decision-making, laziness, and privacy concerns among university students in Pakistan and China. Like other sectors, education also adopts AI technologies to address modern-day challenges. AI investment will grow to USD 253.82 million from 2021 to 2025. However, worryingly, researchers and institutions across the globe are praising the positive role of AI but ignoring its concerns. This study is based on qualitative methodology using PLS-Smart for the data analysis. Primary data was collected from 285 students from different universities in Pakistan and China. The purposive Sampling technique was used to draw the sample from the population. The data analysis findings show that AI significantly impacts the loss of human decision-making and makes humans lazy. It also impacts security and privacy. The findings show that 68.9% of laziness in humans, 68.6% in personal privacy and security issues, and 27.7% in the loss of decision-making are due to the impact of artificial intelligence in Pakistani and Chinese society. From this, it was observed that human laziness is the most affected area due to AI. However, this study argues that significant preventive measures are necessary before implementing AI technology in education. Accepting AI without addressing the major human concerns would be like summoning the devils. Concentrating on justified designing and deploying and using AI for education is recommended to address the issue.

Retirada de elementos de osteosíntesis asociados a cirugías de trauma maxilofacial en hospital público de Santiago de Chile. Estudio retrospectivo de 4 años / Removal of osteosynthesis elements associated with maxillofacial trauma surgery in a public hospital in Santiago, Chile. Retrospective study of 4 years

Introducción: El manejo quirúrgico del trauma maxilofacial implica el uso elementos de osteosíntesis (OTS) para la reducción abierta y fijación interna rígida. Sin embargo, existen razones que determinan su retirada. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la prevalencia de la retirada del material de osteosíntesis y sus causas en el Hospital San José de Santiago de Chile entre los años 2018 y 2021.Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo descriptivo. Se seleccionaron pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente por trauma maxilofacial durante el periodo de 4 años. Se analizaron número de pacientes operados, edad, género, comorbilidades, sitio de fractura, cantidad de cirugías de retirada y tiempo en posición de dichos elementos. Referente a la remoción, se obtuvo localización y etiología.Resultados: Las cirugías por trauma maxilofacial correspondieron a 176; de estas, 17 (9,66 %) requirieron la retirada de OTS, retirando un total de 19 elementos. La edad promedio fue 36,5 años. El género masculino predominó sobre el femenino (3,25:1). La zona anatómica frecuente de retirada fue la mandíbula (94,7 %), especialmente el ángulo mandibular. Las principales causas fueron exposición de placa y/o tornillos y la infección del sitio quirúrgico (36,8 %). La mayoría de las retiradas de OTS ocurrieron antes de los 12 meses (84 %) con un tiempo promedio en posición de 10,23 meses.Conclusiones: Los resultados encontrados muestran una baja prevalencia de la retira de OTS, los hombres son los más afectados, el sitio anatómico de retiro frecuente es el hueso mandibular, las causas principales son la exposición de la placa o infección. Estos hallazgos son concordantes con lo reportado en la literatura. (AU)

Introduction: Surgical management of maxillofacial trauma involves the use of osteosynthesis elements (OTS) for open reduction and rigid internal fixation. However, there are reasons that determine their removal. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of osteosynthesis material removal and its causes at Hospital San José in Santiago de Chile between 2018 and 2021.Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study. Patients who underwent surgery for maxillofacial trauma during the 4-year period were selected. The number of operated patients, age, gender, comorbidities, fracture site, number of removal surgeries and time in position of these elements were analyzed. Regarding removal, location and etiology were obtained.Results: There were 176 surgeries for maxillofacial trauma, of which 17 (9.66 %) required the removal of OTS, removing a total of 19 elements. The average age was 36.5 years. The male gender predominated over the female (3.25:1). The frequent anatomical area of removal was the mandible (94.7 %), especially the mandibular angle. The main causes were plaque and/or screw exposure and surgical site infection (36.8 %). Most OTS removals occurred before 12 months (84 %) with an average time in position of 10.23 months.Conclusions: The results found show a low prevalence of OTS removal, males are the most affected, the frequent anatomical site of removal is the mandibular bone, the main causes are plaque exposure or infection. These findings are consistent with those reported in the literature. (AU)

Individual scale factor approach for the vibrational circular dichroism similarity-guided spectral and conformational analysis of perezone and dihydroperezone.

Evaluation of DFT calculated vibrational parameters for the IR and VCD spectra similarity of perezone (1) and dihydroperezone (2) was undertaken. Conformational sets were obtained using different search engines, and the parameters needed for spectra prediction were obtained using several combinations of commonly employed functionals and basis sets, and then weighted spectra were generated and compared with observed traces to provide infrared similarity (SIR ) and enantiomeric similarity index (ESI) values. These values evidenced a poor performance of the evaluated levels of theory that were overcome when using the individual scaling factors approach, providing 16% to 139% increases of the ESI values. The best performing level of theory was the B3LYP/DGDZVP2 with ESI values of 0.722 and 0.792 for 1 and 2. Moreover, a correlation analysis showed that the irregular DFT performance arises from rotational strength deviations, which suggests to discard conformational abundance accuracy as the main source of differences. Furthermore, a similarity guided conformational analysis showed that conformations with high ESI values prefer particular orientations of the CC bonds directly attached to the stereogenic carbon atom, with more distant dihedral angles having less influence. Additionally, folded and extended conformers appear to be equally capable to yield high individual ESI values, although abundances of folded conformers just account for 16% of the total population. Nevertheless, abundance optimization showed that a high ESI similarity value of 0.834, is possible when the population of these conformers is increased to 26%, suggesting that a larger abundance of these conformers might be present in solution.

Cantolisis Lateral como Complemento al Acceso Transconjuntival en Fracturas de Órbita, Reporte de Casos

El acceso transconjuntival asociado a cantotomía lateral ha sido utilizado para permitir una mejor visualización de fracturas del piso de órbita. Esta técnica ha reportado entropión, ectropión y complicaciones en el reposicionamiento tarsal. Para disminuir la morbilidad descrita, hemos complementado este acceso con otra técnica denominada "Cantolisis Lateral" la que ha sido ampliamente utilizada como tratamiento de urgencia para hematoma retrobulbar, con pocos reportes sobre su utilidad en el tratamiento de las fracturas orbitarias. Reportamos los resultados post operatorios de la aplicación de la técnica cantolisis lateral como complemento al acceso transconjuntival en una serie de casos de 16 pacientes. La distopía cantal y la discontinuidad del tarso inferior fueron las complicaciones más frecuentes reportadas. Sin embargo, los pacientes no se percataron de ellas. No se reportaron ectropión ni entropión.

Transconjunctival approach associated with lateral canthotomy has been used to allow a better visualization of orbital floor fractures. This technique has reported entropion, ectropion and complications in tarsal repositioning. To decrease the described morbidity, we have complemented this approach with another technique called "Lateral Cantholysis" which has been widely used as an emergency treatment for retrobulbar hematoma, with few reports about its usefulness in the treatment of orbital fractures. We report the postoperative results of the application of the lateral cantholysis technique as a complement to the transconjunctival approach in a case series of 16 patients. Cantal dystopia and lower tarsal discontinuity were the most frequent complications reported. However, patients were not aware of them. No ectropion or entropion were reported.

Management of knowledge and competence through human resource information system-A structured review.

The fourth industrial revolution will be ushered in by future high technology, and as a result, the world will face new difficulties relating to people, the environment, and profitability. Accordingly, the competitive edge and long-term viability of businesses would depend on the knowledge workers who could overcome these excruciatingly difficult obstacles and have the knowledge and competency to influence the overall performance of any type of company. But managing knowledge workers falls under the purview of human resources, and only effective human resources tools, plans, and procedures can ensure the success of this task. One such tool, which has the capacity and capability to change the whole scenario in an organization's favor, is the human resource information system (HRIS). The purpose of this structured review is to provide insight into a field of HRM (i.e., HRIS) that has largely been neglected by other reviews of the literature and has only been briefly discussed by a small number of publications published in reputable, top-tier journals. A customized HRIS framework is the result of this structured literature review for managing knowledge and competence. The study presents the content analysis of 48 articles, systematically and purposefully selected for this literature review, published during the past three decades. The study has several implications for policymakers and HR practitioners.

A Study on Perception and Exposure to Occupational Risks at Public School Food Services in Bahia, Brazil.

Food service work is hazardous due to the intense rhythm of food production, and the working conditions can cause discomfort, fatigue, and occupational accidents and illnesses. For the perception of exposure to occupational hazards, workers must participate in continuing education programs. This study aimed to verify the perception and exposure to occupational risks at school food services (SFS) in Bahia, Brazil. This cross-sectional study was conducted in SFS from public schools in Bahia/Brazil. Researchers identified sociodemographic variables, occupational characteristics, and the Perception of Exposure to Occupational Risks by SFS food handlers. Also, anthropometric assessment (weight, height, and waist circumference), the presence of comorbidities, and the identification of exposure to occupational risks and measures of environmental comfort were evaluated. Most workers were female (98.6%; n = 140), mean age of 46.85 y/o, working as SFS food handlers between 1 and 5 years (50.7%; n = 72) but with no training on occupational risks (52.8%; n = 75). This lack of training is not associated with demographic or other occupational variables. The majority of the food handlers present a fair or good perception of exposure to occupational risk. These food handlers are also mostly overweight, and higher BMI was associated with hypertension and edema. The SFS were classified as of high occupational risk (mean of 31.24% of adequacy) environments. Ergonomic Risks had the lowest percentage of adequacy (7.69%, very high risk) regarding occupational risks, followed by chemical risks (31.5% of adequacy, high risk), accident risk (32.19%, high risk), and physical risk (36.89%, high risk). The excess of activities associated with precarious physical structure, insufficient number of equipment and utensils (in inadequate conservation) favors the exposure to occupational risk in SFS.

Vaccine Passport and Traveler Behaviors in the New Market of the Domestic and International Tourism Industry Facing the With-Corona Era.

To ensure a smooth and rapid recovery of tourism, countries around the world are stepping up vaccinations against COVID-19. China, in particular has a very high vaccination rate due to its own vaccine production. Following this trend, many countries have started introducing vaccine passports as an alternative solution to verify valid and vaccinated travelers. This study attempted to understand the fundamental perceptions of travelers' intentions using vaccine passports. A total of 601 samples were investigated and analyzed. As a result, four factors were identified: perceived usefulness, destination trust, risk perception, and perception of incentives. Also, this study performed means comparisons analysis with the major demographic characteristics of respondents. Based on this study, it is expected that the results will contribute to the revival of the travel industry in the future and provide valuable implications for marketing plans to help the travel industry suffer from COVID-19.

Tumor Odontogénico Adenomatoide Quístico, presentación inusual. Reporte de dos casos

RESUMEN: El tumor odontogénico adenomatoide es un tumor benigno, poco común, que corresponde al 2-7% de los tumores odontogénicos. Se presenta con mayor prevalencia en la segunda década de vida y se ubica preferentemente en maxilar anterior. Es una lesión encapsulada, no agresiva, de crecimiento lento, que puede pasar desapercibida durante años. Deriva del epitelio odontogénico, y se caracteriza histológicamente por células epiteliales dispuestas en nidos, remolinos o cordones con escaso tejido conjuntivo. Puede presentar estructuras canaliculares un patrón ductiforme, con calcificaciones y presenta cápsula. El presente estudio reporta dos casos, el primero es una mujer de 30 años y el segundo el de un hombre de 36 años, ambos con un tumor odontogénico adenomatoide ubicado en zona maxilar anterior derecha, asintomático, sin asociación con diente incluido y de presentación quística a nivel imagenológico e histopatológico. Se discuten características clínicas, radiográficas, histopatológicas y terapéuticas de los casos.

ABSTRACT: Adenomatoid odontogenic tumor is a benign, rare tumor that accounts for 2-7% of odontogenic tumors. It appears with greater prevalence in the second decade of life and is located preferentially in the anterior maxilla. It is a slow-growing, non-aggressive, encapsulated lesion that can go unnoticed for years. It is derived from the odontogenic epithelium, and is characterized histologically by epithelial cells arranged in nests, eddies, or cords with little connective tissue. It may have canalicular structures and a ductiform pattern, with calcifications and it has a capsule. The present study reports two cases, the first is a 30-year-old woman and the second is a 36-year-old man, both with an adenomatoid odontogenic tumor located in the right anterior maxillary area, asymptomatic, without association with an included tooth and cystic presentation at the imaging and histopathological levels. The clinical, radiographic, histopathological and therapeutic characteristics of the cases are discussed.

Planificación digital en tratamiento de fibroma osificante juvenil psamomatoide maxilar. Presentación de un caso / Digital planning in the treatment of juvenile maxillary psamomatoid ossifying fibroma. Presentation of a case

Los fibromas osificantes son neoplasias fibro-óseas benignas que afectan al esqueleto craneofacial y mandibular. El fibroma osificante psamomatoide juvenil es una variante rara del fibroma osificante, la que puede ser localmente agresiva y con una alta tasa de recidiva. Se presenta el caso de una paciente de 15 años con antecedentes mórbidos de hipotiroidismo e hiperparatiroidismo, quien consulta por aumento de volumen y desplazamiento de dientes en maxilar derecho. El resultado histopatológico fue compatible con fibroma osificante psamomatoide juvenil. Dado el contexto hospitalario durante la pandemia de COVID-19, el tratamiento consistió en hemimaxilectomía con autoinjerto libre de cresta ilíaca mediante planificación digital. (AU)

Ossifying fibromas are benign fibro-osseous neoplasms that affect the craniofacial and mandibular skeleton. Juvenile psamomatoid ossifying fibroma is a rare variant of ossifying fibroma, which can be locally aggressive, and with a high recurrence rate. We present the clinical case of a 15-year-old patient with a morbid history of hypothyroidism and hyperparathyroidism, who consulted for increased volume and displacement of teeth in the right maxilla. The histopathological result was consistent with juvenile psamomatoid ossifying fibroma. Owing to the hospital situation during the COVID-19 the treatment consisted of hemimaxillectomy with iliac crest autograft using digital planning. (AU)

The histone H3.1 variant regulates TONSOKU-mediated DNA repair during replication.

The tail of replication-dependent histone H3.1 varies from that of replication-independent H3.3 at the amino acid located at position 31 in plants and animals, but no function has been assigned to this residue to demonstrate a unique and conserved role for H3.1 during replication. We found that TONSOKU (TSK/TONSL), which rescues broken replication forks, specifically interacts with H3.1 via recognition of alanine 31 by its tetratricopeptide repeat domain. Our results indicate that genomic instability in the absence of ATXR5/ATXR6-catalyzed histone H3 lysine 27 monomethylation in plants depends on H3.1, TSK, and DNA polymerase theta (Pol θ). This work reveals an H3.1-specific function during replication and a common strategy used in multicellular eukaryotes for regulating post-replicative chromatin maturation and TSK, which relies on histone monomethyltransferases and reading of the H3.1 variant.

Nanoengineered Sprayable Therapy for Treating Myocardial Infarction.

We report the development, as well as the in vitro and in vivo testing, of a sprayable nanotherapeutic that uses surface engineered custom-designed multiarmed peptide grafted nanogold for on-the-spot coating of an infarcted myocardial surface. When applied to mouse hearts, 1 week after infarction, the spray-on treatment resulted in an increase in cardiac function (2.4-fold), muscle contractility, and myocardial electrical conductivity. The applied nanogold remained at the treatment site 28 days postapplication with no off-target organ infiltration. Further, the infarct size in the mice that received treatment was found to be <10% of the total left ventricle area, while the number of blood vessels, prohealing macrophages, and cardiomyocytes increased to levels comparable to that of a healthy animal. Our cumulative data suggest that the therapeutic action of our spray-on nanotherapeutic is highly effective, and in practice, its application is simpler than other regenerative approaches for treating an infarcted heart.

Vibrational circular dichroism enantiomeric similarity index improvement for absolute configuration discrimination using individual infrared scaling factors.

The use of IR individual scaling factors (ISF) for the correction of DFT-calculated frequencies, and its effect on IR and VCD similarity functions, has been evaluated using (+)-(R)-3-methylcyclopentanone as a probe molecule. Contrary to using a single scaling factor to improve spectra matching, this approach sequentially searches for the optimal scaling factor for each calculated transition using a computational search algorithm to maximize the overlap of the calculated and observed IR spectra expressed as the IR similarity (SIR ) function. The obtained ISFs are then applied to the calculated frequencies, which are used to produce a scaled VCD spectrum for comparison with the observed trace, thereby yielding enantiomeric similarity index (ESI) values as a similarity measure. This procedure provides a significant improvement of the SIR and ESI values when compared with the use of a single scale factor, showing 15.1% and 34.1% in average increments, respectively, and values as high as 0.98 and 0.94, respectively. When a set of manually found ISFs is used, most differences in SIR and ESI performance disappear, and nearly perfect spectra matches are found throughout the levels of theory tested. This suggests that the observed differences in computed IR/VCD spectra with commonly used levels of theory are related to differences in frequency rather than to intensity accuracy. Finally, the use of ISFs is expected to enhance the ability to aide stereochemical assignments, particularly in cases where sufficiently accurate frequencies are difficult to obtain due to the system size or complexity.

Evaluation of Therapeutic Collagen-Based Biomaterials in the Infarcted Mouse Heart by Extracellular Matrix Targeted MALDI Imaging Mass Spectrometry.

The goal of this study was to develop strategies to localize human collagen-based hydrogels within an infarcted mouse heart, as well as analyze its impact on endogenous extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling. Collagen is a natural polymer that is abundantly used in bioengineered hydrogels because of its biocompatibility, cell permeability, and biodegradability. However, without the use of tagging techniques, collagen peptides derived from hydrogels can be difficult to differentiate from the endogenous ECM within tissues. Imaging mass spectrometry is a robust tool capable of visualizing synthetic and natural polymeric molecular structures yet is largely underutilized in the field of biomaterials outside of surface characterization. In this study, our group leveraged a recently developed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization imaging mass spectrometry (MALDI IMS) technique to enzymatically target collagen and other ECM peptides within the tissue microenvironment that are both endogenous and hydrogel-derived. Using a multimodal approach of fluorescence microscopy and ECM-IMS techniques, we were able to visualize and relatively quantify significantly abundant collagen peptides in an infarcted mouse heart that were localized to regions of therapeutic hydrogel injection sites. On-tissue MALDI MS/MS was used to putatively identify sites of collagen peptide hydroxyproline site occupancy, a post-translational modification that is critical in collagen triple helical stability. Additionally, the technique could putatively identify over 35 endogenously expressed ECM peptides that were expressed in hydrogel-injected mouse hearts. Our findings show evidence for the use of MALDI-IMS in assessing the therapeutic application of collagen-based biomaterials.

Asociación de la presión arterial con adiposidad y actividad física en escolares y adolescentes de la Araucanía en Chile / Association of blood pressure with adiposity and physical activity in schoolchildren and adolescents from Araucanía in Chile. Introduction

El objetivo del estudio fue determinar la asociación de valores de presión arterial (PA) con parámetros de adiposidad y nivel de actividad física (NAF) en escolares y adolescentes en la región de la Araucanía en Chile. Materiales y métodos. Estudio descriptivo, transversal y correlacional que consideró una muestra de 1.125 niños, niñas y adolescentes de 6 a 13 años. Se analizaron parámetros de adiposidad: índice de masa corporal, perímetro de cintura y del brazo, pliegue bicipital, tricipital, subescapular y suprailíaco y porcentaje de masa grasa, PA sistólica (PAS), diastólica (PAD) y NAF. Resultados. 60,4% de la muestra esta normotenso; 23,6% pre HTA y 16,0% HTA, sin asociación significativa entre la PA con el sexo (p>0,05). Se encontró para el total de la muestra una correlación significativa entre la PAS con todos los parámetros de adiposidad estudiados (p<0,001; p<0,050). Para la PAD solo el grupo de 6 a 8 años presentó asociación significativa con todos estos parámetros (p<0,001; p<0,050). El NAF se asoció con la clasificación de la PA. Esta asociación tuvo significancia estadística en el grupo de 6 a 8 años (p<0,05). Conclusiones. Se evidencia una elevada frecuencia de PA alta en escolares de una región de Chile. Se identifican asociaciones significativas entre la PA con algunas medidas de adiposidad corporal y el NAF en la muestra de estudio. Esta información puede ser de gran importancia para la predicción de la hipertensión en la infancia en el contexto de atención primaria en salud(AU)

The objective of the study was to determine the association of blood pressure (BP) values with parameters of adiposity and level of physical activity (NAF) in schoolchildren and adolescents in the Araucanía region of Chile. Materials and methods. Descriptive, cross-sectional and correlational study that considered a sample of 1.125 subjects, boys and girls between 6 and 13 years old. Adiposity parameters were analyzed: body mass index, waist and arm circumference, bicipital, tricipital, subscapular and suprailiac fold and% fat mass. Systolic (SBP) and diastolic (DBP) and NAF were also analyzed. Results. 60.4% of the sample is normotensive; 23.6% preHTA and 16.0% HT, without significant association between BP and sex (p> 0.05). For the entire sample, there is a significant correlation between SBP and all the adiposity parameters studied (p <0.001; p <0.050). For DBP, only the 6 to 8-year-old group presented a significant association with all these parameters (p <0.001; p <0.050). The NAF was associated with the PA classification. This association is statistically significant in the 6 to 8-year-old group (p <0.050). Conclusions. A high frequency of high BP is evidenced in schoolchildren from a region of Chile. Significant associations were identified between BP with some measures of body adiposity and NAF in the study sample. This information can be of great importance for the prediction of hypertension in childhood in the context of primary health care(AU)

Biosupramolecular complexes of amphiphilic photosensitizers with human serum albumin and cucurbit[7]uril as carriers for photodynamic therapy.

In the present work, we evaluated the supramolecular interactions between three photosensitizers, namely toluidine blue O (TBO, positively charged) and two fatty acid conjugates of 6 and 14 carbon atoms chain lengths (TBOC6 and TBOC14), with human serum albumin (HSA) and the macrocycle cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), alone or in combination within a biosupramolecular system as potential carriers of photosensitizers for Photodynamic therapy (PDT). Binding studies were carried out using photophysical and calorimetric techniques and accompanied with molecular docking simulations. Amphiphilic photosensitizers, particularly TBOC14, showed stronger binding to HSA and (CB[7]). Comparing the different delivery systems, (CB[7]) had a marginal effect on cell uptake and phototoxicity in HeLa cells, while HSA showed enhanced cell uptake with phototoxicities that depended on the photosensitizer. Despite low cell uptake, the combination of both (CB[7]) and HSA was the most phototoxic, which illustrates the potential of combining these systems for PDT applications.

Manifestación de impétigo y herpes zóster relacionado con el uso de mascarilla durante la pandemia de COVID-19. Informe de caso / Mask-related manifestation of impetigo and herpes zoster during the COVID-19 pandemic. Case report

Objetivo: Presentar un caso clínico en el que el paciente cursa impétigo que podría estar relacionado con el uso de mascarillas faciales por un tiempo prolongado. Caso clínico: Se reporta el tratamiento y la evolución de un caso clínico en un paciente adulto que consultó en un centro clínico privado por la presencia de lesiones vesiculares en la región labial superior con aumento de volumen generalizado en ambos labios. El cuadro clínico es compatible con infección por impétigo y herpes zóster asociado al uso prolongado de una mascarilla de tela. Se describe la importancia del empleo correcto de estas mascarillas que se están usando como medida de protección personal en el contexto de la pandemia por COVID-19, ya que las mismas pueden contribuir a generar infecciones faciales si no se mantiene una higiene apropiada (AU)

Aim: To present a clinical case in which the patient has impetigo that could be related to the use of facial masks for a long time. Clinical case: The treatment and evolution of a clinical case of an adult patient who attended a private clinical centre due to the presence of vesicular lesions in the upper labial region with generalized increase volume in both lips is reported. The clinical presentation is compatible with impetigo and herpes zoster infection associated with prolonged use of a cloth mask. The importance of the correct use of cloth masks that are being used as a personal protection measure in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic is described, since they can contribute to facial infections if proper hygiene is not observed (AU))

Riboflavin Surface Modification of Poly(vinyl chloride) for Light-Triggered Control of Bacterial Biofilm and Virus Inactivation.

Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) is the most used biomedical polymer worldwide. PVC is a stable and chemically inert polymer. However, microorganisms can colonize PVC producing biomedical device-associated infections. While surface modifications of PVC can help improve the antimicrobial and antiviral properties, the chemically inert nature of PVC makes those modifications challenging and potentially toxic. In this work, we modified the PVC surface using a derivative riboflavin molecule that was chemically tethered to a plasma-treated PVC surface. Upon a low dosage of blue light, the riboflavin tethered to the PVC surface became photochemically activated, allowing for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacterial biofilm and lentiviral in situ eradication.