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1.
Arch Soc Esp Oftalmol (Engl Ed) ; 98(3): 180-184, 2023 Mar.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36621638

ABSTRACT

An 83-year-old Ecuadorian male, indigent with a history of malnutrition and chronic alcoholism, presented with a clinical feature characterized by progressive growth of larvae at the left eye level (LE), associated with areas of ocular tissue putrefaction. Upon admission, his vision in the right eye (RE) was of hand movement and no light perception in LE, the anterior segment of the RE showed a brunescent cataract, with no other alteration, while the LE presented edema, bipalpebral erythema and an abundant number of mobile larvae distributed throughout the orbit, associated with areas of necrosis, putrefaction and distortion of the anatomy of the ocular tissues. Orbital tomography showed a significant compromise of the orbit, indicating surgical management by left orbital exenteration with taxonomic identification of the larvae as Dermatobia hominis associated with it, antibiotic treatment was implemented and a frontal fasciocutaneous flap was performed by the plastic surgery department.


Subject(s)
Diptera , Myiasis , Animals , Humans , Male , Aged, 80 and over , Ecuador , Larva
2.
J Environ Manage ; 320: 115880, 2022 Oct 15.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35940014

ABSTRACT

In view of accelerated climate change and urban demographics, balancing human and ecosystem needs for water resources is a critical environmental challenge of global significance. Since water, agriculture, health, and energy are inextricably linked, sustainable development goals (SDGs) actions in one policy area commonly have impacts on the others, as well as on the ecosystems that natural resources and human activities ultimately depend upon. Managing urban water supply systems therefore requires a nexus approach that integrates goals across sectors, reduces the risk that SDG actions will undermine one another, and ensures sustainable resource use. We developed a transdisciplinary methodological framework based on a Pareto frontier analysis to define the sustainable solutions of a multi-objective optimization among four competing criteria, water provision, water quality, energy cost, and biodiversity conservation. The study was applied to three mountainous headwater basins in the Ecuadorian Andes, which provide around 30% of Quito's total water supply. We found that an optimized management of water intake structures would meet current consumption needs while reducing the probability of emergence of water pathogens and limiting the impact on aquatic biodiversity by 30% and 9% respectively, without any increase in energy costs for pumping water from other sources. Nonetheless, under future scenarios of climate change and water demand, higher energy consumption, and therefore an increase in operating costs, would be needed to meet urban demand and preserve environmental conditions. Overall, the range of Pareto optimal water supply strategies across the water-health-energy-biodiversity nexus provides valuable information for decision makers and offers support for achieving sustainable management of water resources.


Subject(s)
Ecosystem , Sustainable Development , Cities , Climate Change , Conservation of Natural Resources , Ecuador , Humans , Water Supply
3.
Sci Rep ; 10(1): 4321, 2020 03 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32152352

ABSTRACT

Environmental, socioeconomic, educational, custom, occupation, and native pathogen microbiota factors have been identified as unique etiological factors by region for chronic renal insufficiency (CRI). In the region of Tierra Blanca, Veracruz, there is a significant incidence of CRI. The objective of this research was to identify the presence of the genus Bacillus spp. and its kinetic characterization for recognition as a possible non-traditional etiology of CRI in the region. The methodology included the isolation and morphological, biochemical, molecular and kinetic characterization of strains of the genus Bacillus spp. and an analysis of factors that indicate that their presence could affect the occupational health of the population, prompting cases of CRI. The presence of Bacillus cereus (pathogenic strain for humans) was established (biochemical identification, similarity 99%, by 16S rRNA gene) in sugarcane crops, mainly in the MEX-69-290 variety, with the higher growth rate and lower lag phase, compared to the other isolates. The strains are reported as a potential danger of direct infection and a risk factor for the indirect development of CRI, in the non-traditional cause modality, in the sugarcane fields. It is recommended that committed actions be undertaken to protect and promote the health of the population.


Subject(s)
Bacillus/isolation & purification , DNA, Bacterial/analysis , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/epidemiology , Saccharum/microbiology , Bacillus/classification , Bacillus/genetics , DNA, Bacterial/genetics , Humans , Incidence , Mexico/epidemiology , Microbiota , RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/genetics , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/etiology , Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/pathology , Risk Factors , Saccharum/growth & development
4.
J Neonatal Perinatal Med ; 13(3): 381-386, 2020.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31771081

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Neonatal infections are a leading cause of morbi-mortality despite advances in antimicrobials and neonatal care. Preterm infants have greater susceptibility to sepsis due to an immature immune system and lower immunoglobulin levels. Intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIG) have been used in several studies as an adjuvant treatment to improve this physiological immune deficiency, with different outcomes. METHODS: Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants who developed sepsis in the neonatal ICU were studied. They were randomly divided in 2 groups: one group was treated with antibiotics (Group I), and the other received antibiotics plus a 500 mg/kg/day of IVIG during 7 days (Group II). Serum IgG concentration was determined at initiation, during and after treatment Group I, and daily during the 7 days of therapy in Group II. RESULTS: The baseline IgG concentration in group II was 486 g/dL, and increased to 852 mg/dL after the first dose of IVIG (p < 0.01). After the seventh day of infusion a mean IgG level of 1898 mg/dL was achieved. A direct correlation (r = 0.94) between IgG concentration and days of treatment was observed. Blood cultures were positive in 70% of the infants in group I and 75.5% in group II. Staphylococcus epidermidis was the most frequent isolated bacteria in blood cultures. The lethality rate was 25.0% in group I and 5.0% in Group II (p < 0.03). We did not observe collateral effects with the administration of IVIG. CONCLUSIONS: Prolonged therapy with IVIG seems to be safe and effective as an adjuvant treatment in VLBW infants with sepsis.


Subject(s)
Duration of Therapy , Immunoglobulins, Intravenous/administration & dosage , Infant, Premature, Diseases , Infant, Premature/immunology , Neonatal Sepsis , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Female , Humans , Immunoglobulin G/blood , Immunologic Factors/administration & dosage , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Infant, Premature, Diseases/diagnosis , Infant, Premature, Diseases/immunology , Infant, Premature, Diseases/microbiology , Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy , Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/physiology , Male , Neonatal Sepsis/diagnosis , Neonatal Sepsis/immunology , Neonatal Sepsis/microbiology , Neonatal Sepsis/therapy , Staphylococcus epidermidis/isolation & purification , Treatment Outcome
5.
Rev. otorrinolaringol. cir. cabeza cuello ; 76(3): 325-330, dic. 2016. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-845634

ABSTRACT

El tumor fibroso solitario (TFS) es una neoplasia mesenquimal de células fusiformes infrecuente descrita inicialmente en la pleura pero con localización reconocida en otros sitios. El TFS de la glándula tiroides (TFST) es aun más raro. Se describe el caso de una mujer de 65 años de edad, con masa cervical de crecimiento progresivo, a tal punto que ya la masa se hacía notable en parte inferior de su cuello, siendo este el único síntoma narrado. La paciente presentaba una gran masa tiroidea en el lóbulo derecho con extensión intratorácica. Se practicó hemitiroidectomia derecha (paciente tenia historia previa de resección del lóbulo tiroideo izquierdo por lesión benigna) Total, además de toracotomía endoscópica por la extensión de la masa la cual en la tomografía contrastada, se originaba en el lóbulo tiroideo derecho y descendía paralelo a la columna dorsal desplazando a la tráquea y el esófago. La patología reportó un tumor de 15 centímetros, con células fusiformes y patrón de crecimiento hemangiopericítico sin pleomorfismo, atipia, mitosis o necrosis. Luego de practicar diferentes estudios y marcadores tumorales, de todos estudios fueron positivos CD34, Bcl2, CD99 y vimentina. Se diagnosticó tumor fibroso solitario de glándula tiroides. El nervio vago derecho fue lesionado en la cirugía, actualmente está en terapia de voz. Al momento actual casi seis meses luego de su cirugía, no se documenta recidiva tumoral.


Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm initially described as spindle cells in the pleura but recognized location elsewhere. The TFS thyroid gland (TFST) even infrequent. A case of a 65 years old woman with progressive growth of a right cervical mass without associated symptoms described other than cosmesis is described . The patient had a thyroid mass in the right lobe with intrathoracic extension. A right Hemi thyroidectomy and thoracotomy for the extent of the mass was performed. Pathology reported a 15 cm tumor with spindle cell and growth pattern hemangiopericitic without pleomorphism, atypia, mitosis or necrosis. Immunohistochemistry was positive for CD34, Bcl-2, CD99 and vimentin, making the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumor of thyroid gland. The patient's right Vagus nerve was injured intraoperatively and she is currently under voice therapy. Currently now, almost six months after her surgery she is free of disease.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Aged , Solitary Fibrous Tumors/diagnostic imaging , Solitary Fibrous Tumors/pathology , Thyroid Neoplasms/diagnostic imaging , Thyroid Neoplasms/pathology , Goiter , Solitary Fibrous Tumors/surgery , Thyroid Neoplasms/surgery , Tomography, X-Ray Computed
6.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 24(supl.1): S123-S126, 2013. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-763740

ABSTRACT

HELLP syndrome (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) and acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), cause liver dysfunction in the third trimester of pregnancy and determine risk of maternal and fetal mortality. Many maternal complications can occur, including acute renal failure and coagulopathy. Early diagnosis, prompt delivery and adequate supportive care are the key to a good outcome in most of the patients. In some cases, despite an appropriate conventional management, the disease may progress to multiple organ dysfunction, progressive liver insufficiency or severe hepatic complications (subcapsular hematoma, liver rupture), requiring adjunctive medical therapy, such as plasma exchange, surgery or liver transplantation.


El síndrome HELLP (hemolysis, elevated liver enzymes, and low platelet count) y el hígado graso agudo del embarazo (acute fatty liver of pregnancy -AFLP), son causa de disfunción hepática en el tercer trimestre del embarazo y condicionan riesgo de mortalidad materna fetal. Se pueden presentar diversas complicaciones como insuficiencia renal aguda y coagulopatía, entre otras. El diagnóstico oportuno, la interrupción del embarazo y un manejo de sostén adecuado permiten sacar adelante a la mayoría de las pacientes. En algunos casos, a pesar de un manejo convencional adecuado, la enfermedad puede evolucionar con disfunción multiorgánica, insuficiencia hepática progresiva o complicaciones hepáticas graves (hematoma subcapsular, rotura hepática), requiriendo de terapia médica adyuvante, como la plasmaféresis, cirugía o incluso trasplante hepático.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications/diagnosis , Pregnancy Complications/therapy , Fatty Liver/diagnosis , Fatty Liver/therapy , HELLP Syndrome/diagnosis , HELLP Syndrome/therapy , Diagnosis, Differential , Fatty Liver/complications , Liver Transplantation , Plasmapheresis , HELLP Syndrome/pathology
7.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 22(2): 193-196, abr.-jun. 2011. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-661818

ABSTRACT

The metabolic syndrome is a common disorder in liver transplant recipients and a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, one of the leading causes of death in the late post transplant period. The components of metabolic syndrome are often exacerbated by transplant specific factors, such as immunosuppression. In addition to cardiovascular disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease recurrent or de novo, and accelerated fibrosis in hepatitis C can also be considered as complications of metabolic syndrome post liver transplantation. Early recognition and aggressive management of metabolic syndrome can improve the survival of liver transplant recipients.


El síndrome metabólico es una entidad frecuente en los pacientes receptores de trasplante hepático y un importante factor de riesgo para las enfermedades cardiovasculares, una de las principales causas de muerte en el período post trasplante tardío. Los componentes del síndrome metabólico se encuentran frecuentemente exacerbados por factores propios del trasplante, como la terapia inmunosupresora. Además de la patología cardiovascular, la hepatopatía grasa no alcohólica recurrente o de novo, y la fibrosis acelerada en hepatitis por virus C se pueden considerar también complicaciones post trasplante hepático del síndrome metabólico. Un reconocimiento precoz y un manejo agresivo del síndrome metabólico pueden mejorar la sobrevida de los pacientes trasplantados hepáticos.


Subject(s)
Humans , Metabolic Syndrome/etiology , Liver Transplantation/adverse effects , Diabetes Complications , Dyslipidemias/complications , Cardiovascular Diseases/etiology , Hypertension/complications , Fatty Liver/complications , Immunosuppression Therapy/adverse effects , Obesity/complications , Insulin Resistance , Metabolic Syndrome/diagnosis , Metabolic Syndrome/therapy
8.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 21(2): 271-275, abr.-jun. 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-570022

ABSTRACT

Las infecciones bacterianas constituyen una complicación frecuente y severa en pacientes cirróticos debido a la existencia de alteraciones inmunológicas diversas, traslocación bacteriana y una mayor respuesta inflamatoria. La producción aumentada de citoquinas proinflamatorias, óxido nítrico y otros mediadores favorece el desarrollo de otras complicaciones, tales como deterioro hemodinámico, insuficiencia renal y encefalopatía hepática. Los efectos hemodinámicos de los mediadores inflamatorios son capaces de acentuar las alteraciones de la circulación sistémica y renal propias de la cirrosis. La insuficiencia renal en pacientes con sepsis no relacionada a peritonitis bacteriana espontánea tiene mal pronóstico incluso en casos reversibles y el índice MELD pareciera ser un buen predictor en este sentido. Estudio recientes sobre encefalopatía hepática sugieren que la respuesta inflamatoria y sus mediadores pueden ser importantes en la modulación de los efectos del amonio sobre el cerebro en los pacientes con cirrosis. El diagnóstico y tratamiento oportuno de la infección permiten mejorar el pronóstico en estos pacientes. La relación entre infección y hemorragia digestiva es estrecha, fundamentando el uso de antibióticos profilácticos. El uso de albúmina en cirróticos con infecciones diferentes a peritonitis bacteriana espontánea no ha demostrado reducir la incidencia de insuficiencia renal ni la mortalidad.


Bacterial infections are a frequent and severe complication in cirrhotic patients due to the existence of multiple immune alterations, bacterial translocation and increased inflammatory response. Increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, nitric oxide and other mediators promotes the development of other complications such as hemodynamic deterioration, renal failure and hepatic encephalopathy. Hemodynamic effects of inflammatory mediators are able to increase changes of systemic and renal circulation, typical of cirrhosis. Renal failure in patients with sepsis unrelated to spontaneous bacterial peritonitis has a poor prognosis, even in reversible cases; MELD score might be a good predictor in this regard. Recent studies about hepatic encephalophaty suggest that inflammatory response and its mediators may be important in modulating the effect of ammonia on the brain of the cirrhotic patient. Early diagnosis and treatment of the infection can improve the prognosis in these patients. The relationship between infection and gastrointestinal bleeding is narrow, justifying the use of prophylactic antibiotics. The administration of albumin to patients with cirrhosis and infections other than spontaneous bacterial peritonitis has not shown to reduce the incidence of renal failure or mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Liver Cirrhosis/complications , Bacterial Infections/complications , Liver Cirrhosis/physiopathology , Liver Cirrhosis/immunology , Hepatic Encephalopathy/etiology , Bacterial Physiological Phenomena , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/etiology , Bacterial Infections/therapy , Opportunistic Infections/complications , Renal Insufficiency/etiology , Inflammation Mediators/physiology , Bacterial Translocation
9.
Rev. chil. obstet. ginecol ; 73(4): 223-227, 2008. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-519008

ABSTRACT

Antecedentes: En Chile aproximadamente 475.297 mujeres se encuentran expuestas al riesgo de embarazos no deseados y abortos provocados, ya sea porque usan anticonceptivos de baja eficacia o no los usan. Objetivos: Conocer el perfil biosocial de las usuarias que demandan la píldora de anticoncepción de emergencia, una vez que ésta estuvo disponible para las beneficiarías de los Consultorios de Atención Primaria del Servicio de Salud. Métodos: Se analizó las características sociodemográficas y antecedentes gineco-obstétricos de la totalidad de las 93 fichas de las mujeres que solicitaron anticoncepción de emergencia entre el segundo semestre de 2006 y el primer semestre de 2007, en un Consultorio de Atención Primaria de Salud del Servicio de Salud Metropolitano de Santiago. Resultados: El perfil obtenido es de una mujer joven de promedio de 23,6 años, soltera, estudiante, beneficiaría exenta de pago del sistema de salud público, con edad promedio de inicio de relaciones sexuales de 16,2 años, que ha tenido entre una y dos parejas sexuales, sin hijos, que no utiliza un método anticonceptivo habitual, que consulta por haber tenido una relación sexual no protegida en las últimas 24 horas. Conclusiones: El perfil identificado corresponde a una población de conducta sexual desprotegida, de alto riesgo de embarazo no deseado y de aborto inseguro, que deben ser incorporadas a los programas regulares de control de la fecundidad.


Background: In Chile approximately 475,297 women are in risk of unwanted pregnancies and induced abortions, either because of low effectiveness contraceptive use or not use at all. Objective: To determine the biosocial profile of users who demand the pill of emergency contraception once they were available to the beneficiaries of a primary care health service. Method: This investigation analyzed sociodemographic characteristics and background obstetric-gynecological of 93 medical files of women who requested emergency contraception in a Primary Care Health of the Central Region Metropolitan Santiago, between the second semester of 2006 at first semester of 2007. Results: The profile obtained was a young woman of 23.6 years, single, student, benefician/ exempt of paying in the public health system, with an age of onset sexual intercourse of 16.2 years, who has had between one and two sexual partners, without children, who are not using a regular contraceptive method, and who consults mainly by having unprotected sexual intercourse in the last 24 hours. Conclusions: The profile identified corresponds to a population of unprotected sexual conduct, with a high risk of unwanted pregnancy and unsafe abortion, which should be incorporated into regular programmes of fertility control.


Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Middle Aged , Contraception, Postcoital/statistics & numerical data , Contraception, Postcoital/psychology , Contraception, Postcoital , Primary Health Care , Contraception Behavior , Contraceptives, Oral , Chile/epidemiology , Demography , Health Services Needs and Demand , Sexual Behavior , Socioeconomic Factors
11.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 17(1): 43-51, ene.-mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-430767

ABSTRACT

Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal representan un tipo infrecuente de tumor de origen mesenquimático, con origen en las células intersticiales de Cajal. Se caracterizan por expresar un receptor de membrana mutante con actividad tirosina quinasa anormal (c-kit CD117) que condiciona su activación permanente y una proliferación celular no controlada. Pueden encontrarse a cualquier nivel del tracto gastrointestinal, pero son más frecuentes en estómago e intestino delgado. Frecuentemente cursan de forma asintomática, constituyendo un hallazgo endoscópico o radiológico. La enfermedad localizada habitualmente es de buen pronóstico tras su resección quirúrgica, mientras que la sobrevida es baja en etapas avanzadas, con escasa respuesta a la quimioterapia convencional. El surgimiento del imatinib, un inhibidor de la tirosina quinasa, ha representado un verdadero hito, dado su eficacia en el control de la enfermedad irresecable o metastásica, permitiendo un importante aumento en la sobrevida de estos pacientes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/diagnosis , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/physiopathology , Gastrointestinal Neoplasms/drug therapy , Gastrointestinal Tract/cytology , Protein-Tyrosine Kinases , Stromal Cells , Stomach/cytology , Intestine, Small/cytology , Mutation , Piperazines/therapeutic use , Pyrimidines/therapeutic use , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit/metabolism , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Signs and Symptoms
12.
Gastroenterol. latinoam ; 17(1): 79-85, ene.-mar. 2006. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-430771

ABSTRACT

La fibrosis retroperitoneal constituye una afección infrecuente y de causa generalmente no identificable, sin embargo, se ha descrito su asociación con algunas drogas, enfermedades del tejido conectivo y patología neoplásica. Se caracteriza por el depósito de tejido fibroso en el retroperitoneo y manifestaciones secundarias a la compresión ureteral o de estructuras vasculares. Las técnicas de imágenes (principalmente la tomografía axial computarizada) resultan importantes en su sospecha y diagnóstico diferencial, con utilidad en la exclusión de una enfermedad tumoral subyacente. La biopsia abierta se considera el gold standar para establecer el diagnóstico, cobrando especial relevancia en los casos sin una causa evidente. El enfrentamiento terapéutico tradicional se basa en la cirugía (ureterolisis) y suspensión de drogas potencialmente injuriantes, pero diferentes terapias médicas han sido planteadas, incluyendo el uso de corticoides, inmunosupresores y tamoxifeno, ya sea en forma exclusiva o asociados a técnicas intervencionistas o quirúrgicas propiamente tales.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/diagnosis , Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/etiology , Retroperitoneal Fibrosis/therapy , Adrenergic beta-Antagonists , Adrenal Cortex Hormones/therapeutic use , Diagnosis, Differential , Abdominal Pain/etiology , Immunosuppression Therapy , Ureteral Obstruction/surgery , Ureteral Obstruction/etiology , Signs and Symptoms , Tamoxifen/therapeutic use
13.
Rev. chil. nutr ; 32(1): 37-41, abr. 2005. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-476874

ABSTRACT

Las cecinas son un importante componente de la dieta de los chilenos y su consumo es creciente en la población. Dentro de las cecinas, las vienesas o salchichas, constituyen una variedad de cecinas de alto consumo. En el mercado chileno existe una amplia oferta de vienesas/salchichas, las que son elaboradas con carne de cerdo, vacuno, pollo, pavo, con grasas de origen animal y/o vegetal, y con otros componentes que determinan la elaboración de productos con diferente cantidad de grasa y de colesterol y una variación en el aporte de ácidos grasos saturados (AGS), ácidos grasos monoinsaturados (AGMI), ácidos grasos poliinsaturados (AGPI), y de ácidos grasos omega-6 y omega-3. Se analizó el contenido de humedad, de grasa total, de colesterol, de AGS, AGMI, y de AGPI omega-6 y omega-3 de once productos considerados como los de mayor consumo en la Región Metropolitana de Chile. De los once productos analizados diez presentan un contenido de grasa en el rango de 20 a 25 g/100g. Un solo producto, identificado como "light", contiene una cantidad sustancialmente menor de grasa (11 por ciento). El colesterol varía en un rango de 35 mg/100g a 92 mg/100g, lo cual indica una gran dispersión en el contenido del esterol. El contenido de AGS, de AGMI, y de AGPI es relativamente similar para todos los productos con la excepción del producto "light"por su menor composición de grasa total. Destaca un producto identificado como vienesa de vacuno por su alto contenido de AGPI omega-3 que origina una relación omega-6/omega-3 muy baja (2,5) comparada con el promedio de los otros productos (11-13). La información analítica aportada por el trabajo puede ser útil para los propios fabricantes, para los organismos reguladores, para aquellos profesionales relacionados con el diseño y control de dietas de composición específica, y para el público consumidor en general.


Sausages are important in the Chilean diet and consumption is increasing in the population. Products identified as vienesas and salchichas are the type of sausages having the higher consumption. A wide offer of sausages manufactured with pork, cow, chicken, and turkey meat, and having different composition of fats from animal and/or vegetable origin are now available from the Chilean retail market. As result of the fat composition, sausages contain different amount of cholesterol, saturated fatty acids (SAFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and omega-6/omega-3 ratios. In this report we analyzed the total fat, cholesterol, SAFA, MUFA, PUFA content, and the omega-6/omega-3 ratio of the eleven most consumed sausages in the Región Metropolitana de Chile. From the products analyzed, ten exhibited a fat content in the range 20-25 /100g. Only the product identified as light contained a very low amount of fat (11 percent). Cholesterol was in a very wide range of concentration from 35 mg/100g to 92 mg/100g. SAFA, MUFA, and PUFA were relatively similar for all the products, the product identified as light being an exception. It is remarkable the high content of omega-3 PUFA and the low ratio omega-6/omega-3 of the product identified as vienesa de vacuno. Analytical information about the fat composition of sausages may be useful for manufacturers, for the regulatory organism, for the professionals involved in sausage production, and also for the consumers.


Subject(s)
Humans , Eating , Chile , Cholesterol , Cholesterol, Dietary , Dietary Fats/analysis
14.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 132(3): 285-294, mar. 2004. ilus, tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-384169

ABSTRACT

Background: Acute variceal bleeding in cirrhotic patients is an emergency with a high risk of rebleeding and death. Endoscopic procedures such as sclerotherapy or banding, combined or not with drugs such as octreotide could be considered. Aim: To assess the value of octreotide in the control of acute variceal bleeding. Patients and methods: Ninety-two patients were randomized into three groups: endoscopic therapy plus octreotide 50 Ág/h bolus and continuous infusion for 5 days (n= 36); octreotide (same dosage) (n= 13) and endoscopic therapy only (banding and/or sclerotherapy) (n= 43). Results: Haemostasis at 24 hours was achieved in 97 percent of patients with combined treatment, 69 percent of patients receiving octreotide, and 93 percent of patients with endoscopic therapy (p= 0.2). Three patients with combined treatment, four patients receiving octreotide and eight patients with endoscopic therapy, rebled during the first five days (p= 0.15). The mean of blood units transfused was similar in the three groups. No differences were observed in hospital days and side effects. At 42 days of follow up, eight patients with endoscopic therapy, one patients with combined therapy and 2 patients receiving octreotide, died (p=NS). Conclusions: Octreotide is useful in the management of acute variceal bleeding. The absence of important side effects, renders it as a safe adjuvant treatment associated with endoscopic treatment (Rev MÚd Chile 2004; 132: 285-94).


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Octreotide/therapeutic use , Esophageal and Gastric Varices , Endoscopy , Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage/therapy
15.
Am J Perinatol ; 18(7): 379-85, 2001 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11731891

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study is to test a four-dose Hepatitis B vaccine schedule in premature infants (PI) and assess the immunogenicity of the vaccine with this schedule. We studied 29 PI who received the vaccine against Hepatitis B at birth, 1, 5, and 9 months of age. Antibodies against surface antigen (Anti-HBs) were measured before the third and fourth doses and 12 weeks after the fourth dose. Levels higher than 10 mIU/mL were considered protective, whereas more than 100 mIU/mL was an excellent response. Twenty-nine PI were studied. The average weight at the time of the initial dose was 1398 g, gestational age of 32.5 weeks, and a postnatal age of 9 days. Since the initial measurement, protective levels were achieved in all patients. The response was excellent in 24.1, 75.9, and 89.7%, after the second, third, and fourth doses, respectively. No correlation was found between the type of response and the infants' weight or the postnatal age. The Anti-HBs geometrical levels were 51.9, 133, and 133 mIU/mL after the second, third, and fourth doses, respectively. The favorable results obtained might be due to: the four-dose schedule itself, the dose we used (10 microg), the time interval between the doses, and even a race factor. Our schedule seems to be useful for PI infants and probably is no longer necessary to delay the vaccination, although this should be confirmed by further studies.


Subject(s)
Hepatitis B Vaccines/administration & dosage , Hepatitis B Vaccines/immunology , Immunization Schedule , Infant, Premature/immunology , Vaccination/methods , Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic , Drug Administration Schedule , Hepatitis B Antibodies/blood , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Longitudinal Studies , Mexico , Treatment Outcome
16.
Prev Med ; 32(5): 424-8, 2001 May.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-11330992

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: Vaccination programs among health care workers are based on seroprevalence studies, which seldom include medical residents or students. The objective of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of antibodies against measles, rubella, varicella, hepatitis B (HBV), hepatitis C (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among medical residents. METHODS: This study was designed as a prospective survey. A self-reported questionnaire was used to obtain the information. Serum samples were tested for antibodies by commercial immunoenzymatic assays. Statistical analysis was descriptive; history of exposure was evaluated as a diagnostic test and sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were calculated according to Bayes theorem. RESULTS: Eighty-nine residents were included, the median age was 27 years, and 58 (65.2%) were female. Seventy-two (79.7%) had been vaccinated against HBV, but vaccination was complete in only 30/72 (41.6%). All were positive for measles and varicella, with the exception of one case for each. The serology for rubella was negative in 12 residents (10 women). Three residents had anti-core against HBV, with negative surface antigen. One positive case for HCV was confirmed by Western blot. All were negative for HIV. A history of prior varicella had a 100% positive predictive value; in contrast, the negative predictive value was quite low (7%). CONCLUSIONS: Negative serology for rubella among women and incomplete vaccination against HBV support the implementation of vaccination programs in medical schools in Mexico.


Subject(s)
Antibodies, Viral/blood , Biomarkers/blood , HIV Antibodies/blood , Internship and Residency/statistics & numerical data , Personnel, Hospital/statistics & numerical data , Seroepidemiologic Studies , Adult , Female , Hepacivirus/immunology , Hepatitis B virus/immunology , Herpesvirus 3, Human/immunology , Hospitals, Pediatric , Humans , Male , Measles virus/immunology , Mexico , Prospective Studies , Rubella virus/immunology , Surveys and Questionnaires
17.
Bol. méd. Hosp. Infant. Méx ; 54(7): 345-51, jul. 1997. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-225283

ABSTRACT

La desnutrición es uno de los azotes que más afectan a la infancia en la América Latina. Las dos causas más importantes son la pobreza y la ignorancia. Los doctores R. Aguilar y E. Ajtemberg hicieron estudios sobre subalimentación en 10,000 niños pobres en el "Consultorio Infantil Dolores Sanz", habiendo obtenido los resultados alarmantes expresados en la gráficas. En ellas se ve que las curvas de peso y talla son inferiores a las normales; en algunas ocasiones se encontraron casos de "enanismo de subalimentación". En 969 niños, se comprobaron las desnutriciones de segundo y tercer grado. En 939, se presentaron cuadros de carencia vitamínica y en 88 de ellos se presentó el síndrome edematoso hipoproteinémico-avitaminósico. La pelagra fue la más frecuentemente encontrada, con otras asociaciones. No se encontraron casos clínicos de avitaminosis C. La geofagía se encontró con frecuencia entre estos mismos niños. El Hospital Infantil ha adoptado la denominación de desnutrición de primer grado, en los casos de pérdida inferior al 25 por ciento del peso normal; de segundo grado cuando pasa del 25 por ciento y no llega al 40 por ciento y de tercer grado cuando pasa del 40 por ciento, según la clasificación iniciada por el doctor Federico Gómez


Subject(s)
Humans , Infant , Child, Preschool , Child , Avitaminosis/etiology , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/classification , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/epidemiology , Protein-Energy Malnutrition/etiology , Nutrition Disorders/classification , Nutrition Disorders/diet therapy , Nutrition Disorders/etiology , Nutritional Dwarfism , Pellagra/etiology , Mexico/epidemiology , Poverty
18.
Rev. chil. anat ; 15(2): 127-31, 1997. ilus, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-211916

ABSTRACT

Existe una preocupación generalizada por la exposición del hombre a un número cada vez mayor de contaminantes ambientales que afectan directamente su salud y calidad de vida. Todos los organismos requieren cobre para un normal crecimiento y metabolismo, sin embargo una deficiencia de este químico o exceso del mismo, pueden afectar variadas funciones. Se propone estudiar el efecto del ion cobre en diferentes dosis, sobre el desarrollo embrionario de pollos de distintos días de incubación. Huevos embrionados de gallinas (Gallus gallus) se instalaron en la cámara de aire con 0.1 ml de sulfato de cobre, en concentraciones de 29 y 58 lig/huevo en los días 2 (D2) y cuatro (D4) de incubación, tratamiento realizado a 38º C y con aire humedecido. Los controles se trataron con suero fisiológico. Después de 14 días fueron analizados los siguientes parámetros: peso y longitudes pico-caudal, de tarsos y miembros anteriores. El material fue fotografiado y evaluado macroscópicamente para la visualización de anormalidades externas. Los pesos y longitudes ápico-caudal y de alas de los embriones tratados en D2 y D4, utilizando ambas concentraciones de cobre, no presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con los grupos controles. La longitud de tarsos derechos e izquierdos, fue menor que los controles sólo en aquellos embriones tratados con 58 ug cobre/huevo en el D4, resultados estadísticamente significativo. Las anormalidades frecuentemente observadas fueron evisceración, ausencia de plumas y pollos hemorrágicos. Con menor frecuencia se observaron pollos con rotación anormal del cuello, edema y mieromelia. Los resultados confirman el efecto tóxico del cobre registrado en éste y otros modelos experimentales, discutiéndose, además, otros factores que podrían estar asociados al efecto teratogénico del químico en estudio


Subject(s)
Animals , Chick Embryo , Copper/adverse effects , Chick Embryo , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/diagnosis , Ions
19.
Rev Invest Clin ; 48(1): 35-41, 1996.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-8815484

ABSTRACT

We describe a newborn patient with herpes simplex infection localized to the central nervous system. The diagnosis was suspected on clinical grounds and it was corroborated by tissue culture isolation of the virus and by herpes simplex glycoprotein B DNA detection by PCR in cerebrospinal fluid. We describe the clinical manifestations of this patient and we present some considerations regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of this viral infection in the newborn period.


Subject(s)
Encephalitis, Viral/congenital , Herpes Simplex/congenital , Acyclovir/therapeutic use , Adult , Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use , Encephalitis, Viral/complications , Encephalitis, Viral/diagnosis , Encephalitis, Viral/drug therapy , Female , Herpes Genitalis , Herpes Simplex/complications , Herpes Simplex/diagnosis , Herpes Simplex/drug therapy , Herpes Simplex/transmission , Humans , Infant, Newborn , Pregnancy , Pregnancy Complications, Infectious
20.
Rev. chil. anat ; 12(1): 19-24, 1994. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-144039

ABSTRACT

Variados efectos sobre el desarrollo embrionario han sido informados cuando huevos de gallina son inyectados con diferentes tóxicos, incluyendo arsénico. Escasos antecedentes existen en relación a las formas arsenicales y al efecto que causan en diferentes estadios del desarrollo embrionario de aves. este estudio se propone conocer el efecto que sales arsenicales As+3 y As+5, en diferentes dosis y días de incubación, ejercen sobre la embriogénesis de aves. Huevos embrionados de gallina (gallus gallus) fueron instilados en la cámara de aire con 0,1 ml de arsenito y arseniato de sodio en concentraciones de 9,0 y 4,5 µg/huevo en dias cero (D0) y dos (D2) de incubación, realizada a 38ºC, con humadad constante. Huevos controles fueron tratados con suero fisiológico. Después de 14 días de desarrollo, se realiza la evaluación de peso, longitudes ápico-caudal, de tarso y alas. El material obtenido fue fotografiado y sometido a observaciones macroscópicas para la visualización de malformaciones externas. Los resultados indican alta mortalidad o desarrollo detenido, originados en los huevos que recibieron As+3 o As+5 en concentraciones de 9,0 µg/huevo en el D2. Concentraciones de 4,5 µg/huevo de arsenito en D0 producen mayor mortalidad embrionaria en comparación con arseniato. Esta misma concentración de As+3 y As+5 inyectada en el D2 produce disminución de peso (p<0,05) comparada con controles. El As+5 4,5 µg/huevo en D0 induce formación de embriones de menor tamaño. esta concentración tanto para As+3 y As+5 produce disminución de longitud de alas, cuando los huevos se inyectaron en D0. Anormalidades frecuentemente observadas fueron: ausencia de plumas, retardo del desarrollo, evisceración y anormalidades en el esqueleto. Escasamente ciclopía inilateral, deformación del pico, acrania y edema. Se discute el efecto teratogénico de arsénicos tri y pentavalente y se sugieren algunos parámetros como biomarcadores para evaluar embriones de pollo en el día 14 del desarrollo


Subject(s)
Animals , Chick Embryo , Arsenic/toxicity , Chick Embryo , Fetal Development/drug effects , Abnormalities, Drug-Induced/embryology , Water Pollution, Chemical/analysis , Drinking Water , Teratogens/analysis
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