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1.
Clin Oral Investig ; 27(7): 3713-3720, 2023 Jul.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37247088

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on the severity of denture stomatitis (DS) and the counts of Candida spp. in older people (OP) wearing removable prostheses (RP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: This randomized, controlled and triple-blind study included forty-three OP presenting DS. The control group was treated with 0.12% chlorhexidine (CHX) and the experimental group with MCFA, 2 × /day for 15 days. Intraoral examination and counts of Candida spp. were performed at 0, 7, and 15 days. The differences between both groups in the decrease of the severity of DS and the viability of Candida spp. were determined clinically and microbiologically, respectively. RESULTS: OP carriers of RP treated with MCFA presented remission of the clinical signs of DS, but the Candida spp. counts only decreased significantly in the CHX-treated group at 7 days of treatment (p < 0.05). Besides, MCFA was shown to reduce the clinical signs of DS after the first week of application, while CHX after the second week. CONCLUSIONS: The MCFA is effective in reducing the clinical signs of DS associated with oral candidiasis in subjects with RP. Both treatments showed a significant decrease in severity, for MCFA after the first week and for CHX two weeks after starting the corresponding treatment. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The MCFA is an effective, harmless, and accessible treatment alternative against DS, since it manages to reduce the severity of the lesion in the milder cases of DS in the oral mucosa of OP carriers of RP.


Subject(s)
Candidiasis, Oral , Stomatitis, Denture , Humans , Aged , Stomatitis, Denture/drug therapy , Candida , Candidiasis, Oral/drug therapy , Mouth Mucosa/pathology , Chlorhexidine/therapeutic use , Chlorhexidine/pharmacology , Fatty Acids/therapeutic use , Candida albicans
2.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1440271

ABSTRACT

La simulación es un recurso ampliamente utilizado en los procesos formativos en odontología, especialmente para adquirir destrezas motrices y potencialmente en el desarrollo de la autoeficacia. Objetivo: Evaluar el efecto de la simulación háptica en la autoeficacia académica de odontólogos en formación. Materiales y métodos: Este estudio se centró en estudiantes de un curso de anticipación disciplinar (n=134). Se aplicó la escala de autoeficacia general después de dos actividades de tallado con apresto tradicional, mediadas por una sesión de tallado con simulación háptica. Resultados: Al determinar el rol de las dimensiones de autoeficacia en dos actividades de simulación tradicional (ABT1 y ABT2), mediadas por la háptica se obtuvo un promedio de ABT1: x̄=3,27 (n=123) y de ABT2: x̄=3,20 (n=105). De los diez ítems de la escala, hubo diferencia estadística respecto a la disminución del grado de autoeficacia en el Nº1 (p=0,05) y Nº6 (p=0,01). Conclusiones: Se puede establecer que, al utilizar un simulador háptico de manera complementaria a las de apresto tradicional, la intervención influye en la autoeficacia, puesto que se adquiere mayor conciencia de las complejidades asociadas, debiendo desafiar su propia autorregulación para hacerles frente.


Simulation is a widely used resource in dental training processes, especially to acquire motor skills and potentially in the development of self-efficacy. Objective: To evaluate the effect of haptic simulation in the academic self-efficacy of dentists in training. Materials and methods: This study focused on students of a curricular anticipatory course (n=134). The general self-efficacy scale was applied after two carving activities with a traditional approach, complemented by a carving session with haptic simulation. Results: When determining the role of the self-efficacy dimensions in two traditional simulation activities (ABT1 and ABT2) complemented by haptics, we obtained an average of ABT1: x̄=3,27 (n=123) and ABT2: x̄=3,20 (n=105). Of the ten items of the scale, there was a statistical difference regarding the decrease in the degree of self-efficacy in Nº1 (p=0,05) and Nº6 (p=0,01). Conclusions: It can be established that complementing traditional training with a haptic simulator influences self-efficacy, since the students become more aware of the associated complexities, and need to challenge their own self-regulation to deal with them.

3.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1448444

ABSTRACT

Introducción: El propósito del presente es sistematizar y analizar artículos científicos, acerca de la efectividad de ciertos enjuagues bucales para reducir la carga viral contra SARS-COV-2. Metodología: Las búsquedas se realizaron en las bases de datos científicas como PubMed y SciELO, entre otros, utilizando algoritmos de búsqueda, términos MeSH y booleanos. También se aplicaron criterios de inclusión/exclusión, seleccionando artículos provenientes de estudios primarios, publicados entre los meses de enero a septiembre de 2020, en idiomas inglés y español. Se utilizó un diseño metodológico mixto mediante el uso de los criterios de calidad PRISMA y de la Teoría Fundamentada (codificación abierta y central). Resultados: Se encontraron 144 artículos que coincidían con los algoritmos de búsqueda y criterios de calidad, de los cuales sólo ocho fueron analizados en la etapa de elegibilidad. Conclusiones: Se pudo determinar que los enjuagues más frecuentemente investigados en el último tiempo, para la desinfección oral inicial preoperatoria y/o de uso rutinario como enjuague oral contra SARS-COV-2 fueron la povidona yodada 0.2%; clorhexidina 0.12% y 0.2%, aceites esenciales con etanol al 21.6% y peróxido de hidrógeno 1.5% y 3.0%. La clorhexidina 0.2% temperada a 47°C demostró mayor efectividad que clorhexidina 0.12% a temperatura normal y que povidona yodada.


Introduction: The purpose of this research was systematize and analyze scientific articles, about the effectiveness of certain mouthwashes to reduce the viral load against SARS-COV-2. Methodology: The searches were performed in the PubMed and SciElo scientific databases, among others, using search algorithms, MeSH and Boolean terms. Certain criteria of inclusion/exclusion were also applied, selecting articles from primary studies, published between the months of January and September of 2020, in both English and Spanish. A mixed methodological design was used through the employment of quality criteria such as PRISMA and the Grounded Theory (open and central coding). Software based on texts and numbers were used for the data analysis plan. Results: 144 articles matching the search algorithms and quality criteria were found, of which only eight were analyzed in the eligibility stage. Conclusions: It was determined that the most frequently investigated mouthwashes in recent times, for preoperative initial oral disinfection and/or for a daily basis use as an oral rinse were the povidone iodine 0.2%; chlorhexidine 0.12% and 0.2%; essential oils with ethanol 21.6% and hydrogen peroxide 1.5% and 3.0%. The chlorhexidine 0.2% tempered at 47°C proved to be more effective than the chlorhexidine 0.12% at normal temperature and the povidone iodine.

4.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33946521

ABSTRACT

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic compounds that resist biochemical degradation, moving long distances across the atmosphere before deposition occurs. Our goal was to provide up-to-date data on the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins/furans (PCDD/Fs) and dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (DL-PCBs) in breast milk from Chilean women and to estimate the exposure of infants due to breast milk consumption. In Chile, we conducted a cross-sectional study based on methodologies proposed by the WHO, with a sample of 30 women recruited from three defined areas: 10 from the Arica Region (urban; Arica and Parinacota Region), 10 from Coltauco (rural; O'Higgins Region), and 10 from Molina (40% rural; Maule Region). High-resolution gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) was performed on pooled samples from each area. We calculated equivalent toxic concentrations (WHO-TEQ) based on the current WHO Toxic Equivalency Factors (TEF). The minimum and maximum values of ∑ PCDDs/Fs + DL-PCBs-TEQ were 4.317 pg TEQ/g fat in Coltauco and 6.31 pg TEQ/g fat in Arica. Molina had a total TEQ of 5.50 pg TEQ/g fat. The contribution of PCDD/Fs was approximately five-fold higher than that of DL-PCBs. The Estimated Daily Intake (EDI) of ∑ PCDDs/Fs + DL-PCBs based on the three pooled samples ranged between 6.71 and 26.28 pg TEQ/kg body weight (bw)/day, with a mean intake of 16.11 (±6.71) pg TEQ/kg bw/day in breastfed children from 0 to 24 months old. These levels were lower than those reported in international studies. Despite the fact that the observed levels were low compared to those in most industrialized countries, the detection of a variety of POPs in breast milk from Chilean women indicates the need for follow-up studies to determine whether such exposures during childhood could represent a health risk in adulthood.


Subject(s)
Benzofurans , Dioxins , Polychlorinated Biphenyls , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins , Adult , Animals , Benzofurans/analysis , Child , Child, Preschool , Chile , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dibenzofurans , Dioxins/analysis , Female , Furans , Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry , Humans , Infant , Infant, Newborn , Milk, Human/chemistry , Pilot Projects , Polychlorinated Biphenyls/analysis , Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins/analysis
5.
Arch. pediatr. Urug ; 91(supl.2): 43-48, dic. 2020. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1142243

ABSTRACT

Resumen: Introducción: las patologías respiratorias con broncoobstrucción representan una causa frecuente de ingresos hospitalarios, siendo la vía inhalatoria de elección en su tratamiento. Objetivos: conocer la técnica de inhaloterapia realizada por estudiantes de Medicina, posgrados de Pediatría y cuidadores, y de los niños y adolescentes hospitalizados. Metodología: estudio prospectivo, descriptivo, de junio a agosto de 2019. Se elaboró un cuestionario con el procedimiento de la técnica inhalatoria con máscara facial, boquilla e higiene del dispositivo. Se solicitó al cuidador que describiera el procedimiento que realizaba al administrar fármacos inhalados. Se realizó una intervención explicando la correcta técnica y posteriormente se solicitó que describiera nuevamente el procedimiento. Estudiantes de Medicina y posgrados de Pediatría fueron evaluados según recomendaciones internacionales. Resultados: del total de 80 participantes, tres realizaron el procedimiento de forma adecuada. Luego de la intervención, 27 lograron una técnica correcta. En cuanto a la higiene del dispositivo, tres participantes lo realizaron correctamente previo a la intervención. Posteriormente, 44 lo refirieron adecuadamente. Participaron 25 profesionales de la salud, 15 describieron de forma correcta el procedimiento en menores de 5 años y siete en niños mayores. Posteriormente al taller informativo, 24 lograron describir adecuadamente la técnica en menores de 5 años y 15 en mayores. Conclusiones: la mayoría de los cuidadores desconocen la correcta técnica de inhaloterapia. Se debería implementar intervenciones destinadas a evaluar y entrenar a los pacientes de forma regular. Es fundamental capacitar al personal de salud para la mejora en la calidad de utilización del dispositivo.


Summary: Introduction: broncho-obstructive respiratory pathologies are a frequent cause of hospital admissions, and inhalation remains the main choice of treatment. Objectives: learn about the inhalation technique performed by medical students and postgraduate students of pediatrics and by caregivers of hospitalized children and adolescents. Methodology: prospective, descriptive study carried out from June to August 2019. A questionnaire was prepared about the inhalation technique requiring facial mask, and mouthpiece and about the hygiene of the device. Caregivers were asked to describe the procedure performed when administering inhaled drugs. An intervention was performed explaining the correct technique and the caregiver was asked to describe the procedure again. Medical and Pediatrics' students were assessed as per the international recommendations. Results: out of 80 participants, 3 performed the procedure appropriately. After the intervention, 27 they performed the technique correctly. 3 participants performed the device hygiene correctly before the intervention, and after the intervention, 44 did it properly. 25 health professionals participated, 15 correctly described the procedure on children under 5 years of age and 7 described it correctly on older children. After the information workshop, 24 managed to adequately describe the technique on children under 5 years of age and 15 for older patients. Conclusions: Most caregivers are unaware of correct inhalation therapy techniques. Regular interventions aimed at evaluating and training patients should be implemented. It is essential to train health staff to improve the quality of use of the device.


Resumo: Introdução: as patologias respiratórias bronco-obstrutivas são uma causa frequente de internações hospitalares e a inalação é ainda a principal opção de tratamento. Objetivos: aprender sobre a técnica de inalação realizada por estudantes de Medicina e Pediatria e por cuidadores de crianças e adolescentes hospitalizados. Metodologia: estudo prospectivo, descritivo, realizado de junho a agosto de 2019. Elaborou-se um questionário sobre a técnica de inalação que requer máscara facial e bocal e sobre a higiene do dispositivo. Pediu-se ao cuidador que descrevesse o procedimento realizado ao administrar drogas inaladas. Fizemos uma intervenção explicando a técnica correta e pedimos ao cuidador que descrevesse o procedimento novamente. Avaliamos aos estudantes de medicina e aos de pós-graduação em Pediatria de acordo com as recomendações internacionais. Resultados: dos 80 participantes, 3 realizaram o procedimento adequadamente. Após a intervenção, 27 deles realizaram a técnica corretamente. 3 participantes realizaram a higiene do dispositivo corretamente antes da intervenção e, após a intervenção, 44 a realizaram corretamente. Participaram 25 profissionais de saúde, 15 descreveram corretamente o procedimento para crianças menores de 5 anos e 7 descreveram corretamente para crianças maiores. Após o workshop informativo, 24 conseguiram descrever adequadamente a técnica para crianças menores de 5 anos e 15 para pacientes mais maiores. Conclusões: a maioria dos cuidadores desconhecem as técnicas corretas de terapia por inalação. Devem-se implementar intervenções regulares destinadas a avaliar e treinar pacientes. É essencial treinar a equipe de saúde para melhorar a qualidade de uso do dispositivo.

6.
Rev. esp. nutr. comunitaria ; 25(2): 0-0, abr.-jun. 2019. tab
Article in Spanish | IBECS | ID: ibc-191441

ABSTRACT

FUNDAMENTOS: El ingreso económico es un determinante clave en la elección de alimentos. El objetivo fue determinar el cambio en la intención de compra de porciones de alimentos cuando el presupuesto aumenta en un entorno de compra simulado. MÉTODOS: Estudio de intervención no aleatorizado en 70 adultos de 18 a 70 años responsables de las compras en el hogar. Se realizaron 2 compras no consecutivas de alimentos, en un supermercado online. Para cada compra se asignó un monto de dinero, primero de 87.220 CLP (134,2 USD) y segundo de 235.400 CLP (362,2 USD). Los participantes fueron clasificados según años de escolaridad. Los alimentos comprados se transformaron en porciones de consumo. RESULTADOS: La edad promedio fue de 42,1 +/- 13,5 años. Aquellos con ≤12 años de escolaridad aumentan la mediana de consumo de frutas y verduras en 1,7 porciones/día; de alimentos ricos en azúcares (ARA) 2,9 porciones/día y legumbres 2,1 porciones/semana cuando aumenta el presupuesto destinado a la compra, en comparación con los de mayor escolaridad que aumentan a 1,4 porciones / día de frutas y verduras; 2,2 porciones/día de ARA. Los participantes con mayor escolaridad tienen elecciones alimentarias más saludables con el monto 1 en comparación con los de menor escolaridad. CONCLUSIONES: Cuando aumenta el presupuesto para comprar alimentos, las familias tienden a elegir más alimentos saludables, independientemente del nivel educacional


BACKGROUND: The economic income is a key determinant the choice of food. The objective was to determine the change in intention to purchase food portions when the budget increases in a simulated purchase environment. METHODS: A non-randomized intervention study was conducted on 70 adults aged 18-70 years responsible for home purchases. Two non-consecutive purchases of food were made in an online supermarket. For each purchase, an amount of money was allocated, the first of CH $ 87,220 (USD $ 134.2) and the second of CH $ 235,400 (USD $ 362.2). The participants were classified according to years of schooling. The purchased foods were transformed into consumption portions. RESULTS:The mean age was 42.1 +/- 13.5 years. In those ≤12 years of schooling increase the median consumption of fruits and vegetables by 1.7 servings / day; of foods rich in sugars (ARA) 2.9 servings / day and legumes 2.1 servings / week when the budget allocated to the purchase increases, compared to those with higher schooling that increase to 1.4 servings / day of fruits and vegetables; 2.2 servings / day of ARA. Participants with higher education have healthier food choices with the amount 1 compared to those with less education. CONCLUSIONS: Families when they have a higher income tend to choose a greater amount of foods considered healthy, regardless of the educational level


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Young Adult , Adult , Middle Aged , Aged , Intention , Portion Size/statistics & numerical data , Food Preferences/classification , Choice Behavior/classification , Feeding Behavior/classification , Value-Based Purchasing/statistics & numerical data , Consumer Behavior/statistics & numerical data , Diet, Healthy/statistics & numerical data , Educational Status
7.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1003812

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: La odontología está en búsqueda de miradas más integradoras, una de ellas se relaciona con la sexualidad. La educación sexual en odontología, ha tenido escasa representación curricular, instalándose más desde lo curativo que de lo preventivo. Este estudio evaluó el grado de conocimiento, las conductas y motivos relativos a los métodos preventivos y al riesgo asociado a las prácticas de sexo oral, en estudiantes de odontología de una universidad chilena. Material y métodos: Este estudio cuantitativo, transversal y analítico, utilizó como instrumento de recogida de datos, una encuesta anónima y autoaplicada, en 50 estudiantes voluntarios. Este instrumento indagó acerca de las condiciones relativas a salud sexual, específicamente en prácticas de sexo oral. Los análisis estadísticos fueron realizados utilizando los programas SPSS® v20 y Excel®. Resultados: En cuanto a los conocimientos de métodos preventivos para prácticas de sexo oral, además del condón, otras barreras fueron poco conocidas (13%). El 90% reportó haber practicado sexo oral alguna vez, de estos, 78% no utilizó barreras de protección. De los que reportaron haber usado barrera, el 100% utilizó condón. Conclusiones: Los conocimientos, conductas y motivos en salud sexual denotan un conocimiento deficiente relativo a métodos preventivos para prácticas de sexo oral y su riesgo asociado.


ABSTRACT: Dentistry is in search of more inclusive points of view, one of them related to sexuality. Sexual education has had little curricular representation in Dentistry, being approached more from a curative point of view rather than a preventive one. This study evaluated the degree of knowledge, conduct and motives related to preventive methods and the risk associated with oral sex practices among dental students of a Chilean university. Materials and methods: This quantitative, transversal and analytical study used an anonymous and self-applied survey on 50 voluntary students. The instrument inquired about conditions related to sexual health, specifically oral sex practices. Statistical data was analyzed using softwares such as SPSS v20 and Excel. Results: In terms of knowledge about preventive methods for oral sex practices, aside from condoms, other barriers where little known (13%); 90% reported having practiced oral sex once, and among these, 78% didn't use protection barriers. Of those who reported having used a barrier, 100% used condoms. Conclusions: Knowledge, conducts and motives in sexual health report a deficient knowledge of preventive methods for oral sex practices and their associated risk.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Adult , Sexual Behavior , Students, Dental , Risk , Sexuality , Sexual Health
8.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-959754

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN: Introducción: Estomatitis Subprotésica, proceso inflamatorio crónico de la mucosa adyacente a prótesis removible. 71,4% de los sujetos con esta condición es portador de Candida y la severidad se relaciona con la presencia de esta levadura. Para su tratamiento se indica antimicóticos tópicos de la familia de polienos o de azoles. El propósito del estudio fue determinar el recuento de levaduras del género Candida en adultos mayores con candidiasis oral, antes y después de ser tratados con miconazol. Materiales y métodos: Se consignaron antecedentes sistémicos y locales en 32 adultos mayores con estomatitis subprotésica. Se determinó recuento de levaduras del género Candida en saliva, antes y después del tratamiento tópico con Miconazol 2%. Se aceptaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas con un error alfa igual o menor a 0.05%. Resultados: Los recuentos de levaduras del inicio del estudio disminuyeron significativamente a los días 8 y 15 después del tratamiento (mediana 6.800, 163, 60, respectivamente). 56,2% de los individuos presentó persistencia de levaduras después del tratamiento; 21,8% de ellos con recuentos superiores a 400 UFC/ml de saliva. Conclusiones: En el 56,2% de los individuos del estudio se observó persistencia de levaduras del género Candida luego de 2 semanas de tratamiento con miconazol al 2%.


ABSTRACT: Introduction: Denture stomatitis is a chronic inflammatory process of the mucosa adjacent to removable prosthesis. 71.4% of the subjects with this condition are carriers of Candida and the severity is related to the presence of this yeast. Topical antimycotics belonging to the polyene or azole family are indicated for its treatment. Efficacy of miconazole is reported to be from 80% to 100%, although resistance is described in isolates of Candida. The purpose of the study was to determine the count of Candida in older adults with oral candidiasis, before and after being treated with miconazole. Methodology: Systemic and local antecedents were recorded in 32 elderly adults with denture stomatitis. Differences in number of the colony forming units of Candida yeast, were determined before and after topical treatment with Miconazole 2%. Statistical significances were set at a value of p < 0.05. Results: Yeast counts at the start of the study significantly decreased 8 and 15 days after treatment (median 6,800, 163, 60, respectively). 56.2% of the subjects presented persistence of yeasts after treatment; 21.8% of them with counts higher than 400 CFU / ml saliva. Conclusion: In 56.2% of the study subjects, persistence of Candida yeasts was observed after 2 weeks of treatment with 2% miconazole.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Stomatitis, Denture , Yeasts , Candidiasis , Miconazole , Cross-Sectional Studies
9.
Am J Trop Med Hyg ; 99(3_Suppl): 26-33, 2018 09.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30047371

ABSTRACT

From 1975 to 1983, a large epidemic of typhoid fever (TF) affected the metropolitan region (MR) of Chile (incidence rate [IR] of 219.6 per 105 in 1983). In 1983-1984, interventions were implemented focusing on person-to-person transmission (vaccination, food handlers' control, and mass communication) and regulations to control irrigation waters containing fecal contaminates. In 1991, a second intervention was quickly implemented to avoid the cholera epidemic affecting neighboring countries (total prohibition of growing or selling crops in the MR). We explored the potential impact of these interventions on the epidemic. We created a yearly database of the MR TF cases, population, and contextual factors of TF from 1969 to 2012. We first analyzed the epidemic (Joinpoint regression), identified predictors of TF (Poisson multiple regression), and then analyzed the effect of the interventions (interrupted time series model). The main predictor of the TF epidemic was the rate of unemployment. In relation to the 1983-1984 person-to-person interventions, TF came down by 51% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 30.2-65.0%) and continued to decrease at a rate of 10.4% (95% CI: 5.8-15.6%) per year until 1991. In 1991, with the strong environmental control of the sewage-irrigated crops, TF further decreased by 77% (95% CI: 69.0-83.1%) and continued decreasing thereafter at 13% (95% CI: 11.3-15.6%) per year until the end of the study period. Today, 40 years after the epidemic, TF is a rare disease in the MR of Chile.


Subject(s)
Epidemics , Typhoid Fever/epidemiology , Typhoid Fever/prevention & control , Chile/epidemiology , Endemic Diseases , Humans , Public Health , Sanitation , Time Factors , Water Microbiology
10.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-794507

ABSTRACT

Objetivo El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la relación entre el lado de masticación habitual y la presencia de trastornos temporomandibulares (TTM) en adultos jóvenes. Materiales y métodos Estudio analítico de casos y controles, ciego simple, en estudiantes adultos jóvenes de la Facultad de Odontología de la Universidad de Chile. La muestra consistió en 70 sujetos (22-26 años). Se utilizó el ángulo funcional masticatorio (AFM) para definir el lado de masticación habitual y el RDC/TMD para determinar el tipo de TTM y el lado con mayor prevalencia. Se aplicó el test de Chi-cuadrado y el test exacto de Fisher (IC 95%). Resultados Un total de 56 sujetos (80,0%) fueron masticadores unilaterales y 14 (20,0%) masticadores bilaterales. En 34 sujetos (48,6%) se diagnosticó patología según RDC/TMD, mientras que en 36 individuos (51,4%) no se evidenció TTM. No hubo diferencia respecto al lado de masticación y presencia de TTM (p = 0,63). Se observó una alta tendencia entre la masticación unilateral y presencia de patología articular (grupos II y III, RDC/TMD) (p = 0,06). Conclusión A pesar de observarse una alta tendencia entre masticación unilateral y patología articular, la relación entre tipo de masticación y TTM no ha podido establecerse. Si bien tampoco se encontró diferencia significativa entre lado de masticación y su coincidencia con el lado de la patología, esto podría ser por la diversidad de factores implicados en los TTM.


Objective The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the habitual chewing side and the presence of temporomandibular disorders (TMD) in young adults. Materials and methods An analytical case-control and simple blind study was performed on 70 young adult subjects (22-26 years) from the Faculty of Dentistry of the University of Chile. The masticatory functional angle (MFA) was used to determine the habitual chewing side in all subjects, as well as applying the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) in order to determine the type of TMD and the most prevalent side. Data were analysed using Chi squared test and Fisher's exact test (95% CI). Results A total of 56 subjects (80.0%) were unilateral chewers and 14 (20.0%) were bilateral chewers. A diagnosis of TMD was made in 34 (48.6%) subjects according to RDC/TMD, while 36 individuals (51.4%) showed no evidence of any disorder. There were no differences between unilateral chewing and the presence of TMD (p=0.63). There was a high trend between unilateral chewing and presence of joint disease (groups II and III, RDC/TMD) (p=0.06). Conclusion Despite a high trend between unilateral chewing and joint disease observed, the relationship between the type of chewing and TMD has not been established. No relationship was found between the chewing side and its coincidence with the disease side. This could be because of the different factors involved in TMD.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Young Adult , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/physiopathology , Functional Laterality/physiology , Mastication/physiology , Temporomandibular Joint Disorders/diagnosis , Case-Control Studies , Chi-Square Distribution , Single-Blind Method
11.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-780562

ABSTRACT

Objetivo Relacionar la autopercepción estética de pacientes desdentados rehabilitados protésicamente con la opinión de expertos en estética facial. Materiales y métodos A una muestra por conveniencia de 40 pacientes desdentados se les tomó 2 fotografías faciales 3D: sin prótesis y con prótesis nuevas, respectivamente. Posteriormente a cada paciente se le mostró sus imágenes y evaluó su satisfacción respecto al cambio facial mediante una pregunta en escala tipo Likert. A continuación se mostró las imágenes a 5 profesionales con especialidades relacionadas con estética facial, quienes evaluaron el cambio facial de cada paciente utilizando la misma escala tipo Likert. Finalmente, se procedió a comparar los resultados mediante el test no paramétrico de Wilcoxon para determinar diferencias estadísticas entre las preferencias de los pacientes y los expertos. Resultados Tanto las respuestas de los pacientes como de los expertos fueron positivas. Se encontró diferencia estadística al comparar las respuestas de ambos grupos, con un valor p = 0,00, siendo los expertos más críticos en su evaluación. Conclusión La autopercepción estética del paciente desdentado total rehabilitado con prótesis totales y la opinión del panel de expertos son concordantes, siendo ambas positivas. Cabe destacar que estos últimos fueron más críticos en sus apreciaciones.


Objective To determine the relationship between the aesthetic self-perception of edentulous patients rehabilitated with dentures and the opinion of facial aesthetics experts. Materials and methods Two facial 3D photographs, without dentures and with new dentures, respectively, were taken of a convenience sample of 40 edentulous patients. The images were subsequently shown to the patients, and they assessed their satisfaction of the facial change using Likert scale question. The photographs of the patients were also shown to 5 professionals with specialties related to facial aesthetics. Facial change was evaluated using the same Likert scale as the patients. Finally, the results were compared using the non-parametric Wilcoxon test to determine any statistical differences between the preferences of patients and the experts. Results The perception of patients and experts are positive. Significant statistical differences were found after comparing the responses of both groups, with p=.00, with the experts being more critical in their assessment. Conclusion The aesthetic perception of edentulous patients rehabilitated with complete dentures and the opinion of a panel of aesthetic experts are concordant, both being positive. It is important to note that experts were more critical in their assessment.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , Aged, 80 and over , Self Concept , Mouth, Edentulous/psychology , Photography, Dental , Surveys and Questionnaires , Mouth, Edentulous/rehabilitation , Patient Satisfaction , Dental Prosthesis , Esthetics, Dental
12.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-746939

ABSTRACT

El 63,2% de la población chilena mayor de 65 años utiliza prótesis removible. Cuando estas pierden funcionalidad pueden producirse lesiones en la mucosa oral, siendo la más prevalente la estomatitis protésica, proceso inflamatorio de la mucosa de soporte de diversa extensión y severidad, cuyo principal factor etiológico es la infección por Candida spp. El objetivo de esta investigación fue determinar la cantidad y las especies de levaduras del género Candida y su asociación con estomatitis protésica en portadores de prótesis removible antes y después del tratamiento rehabilitador. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo cuantitativo, n = 34, en ambos géneros, edad promedio de 69 años, portadores de prótesis removible no funcionales, con y sin estomatitis protésica. Para el recuento e identificación de levaduras del género Candida se tomaron muestras de saliva antes y después del tratamiento. Las variables fueron analizadas estadísticamente. Los resultados indicaron el diagnóstico de estomatitis protésica en el 55,9% de los sujetos, de los cuales tipo I = 29,4% y tipo II = 26,5%. Los recuentos de Candida spp. fueron mayores en aquellos con estomatitis protésica, tanto antes como después del tratamiento. Al instalar prótesis funcionales el recuento disminuyó significativamente, sin embargo permaneció alto en aquellos con estomatitis protésica diagnosticada previa al tratamiento rehabilitador. La especie identificada más frecuentemente fue Candida albicans.


Almost two-thirds (63.2%) of the Chilean population aged 65 and above use removable prosthesis. When they cease to be functional, injuries may occur in the oral mucosa, with denture stomatitis being the most prevalent. This is an inflammatory process of the supportive mucosa of varying extension and severity, with its main etiologic factor being infection by Candida spp. The aim of this investigation was to determine the quantity and species of yeast of the genus Candida and their association with denture stomatitis in carriers of removable prosthesis, before and after the rehabilitation treatment. A descriptive quantitative study was conducted on 34 patients, with a mean age of 69 years, and carriers of a non-functional removable prosthesis, with and without prosthetic stomatitis. Saliva samples were taken before and after the treatment for the counting and identification of genus Candida yeast. The variables were statistically analyzed. The results showed a diagnosis of prosthetic stomatitis in 55.9% of the subjects, of which 29.4% were Type I and 26.5% were Type II. The Candida sppcount was higher in the subjects with prosthetic stomatitis both before and after the treatment. The count decreased significantly after installing a functional prosthesis. However, it remained high in those with prosthetic stomatitis. The most frequently identified species was Candida albicans.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Stomatitis, Denture/microbiology , Candida/isolation & purification , Denture, Partial, Removable/adverse effects , Denture, Partial, Removable/microbiology , Saliva/microbiology , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Mouth Rehabilitation/adverse effects
13.
Acta bioeth ; 19(2): 307-313, nov. 2013.
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-696529

ABSTRACT

Este estudio pretende comprender, a través del análisis del discurso, el compromiso bioético de estudiantes de odontología que participan en el proceso enseñanza-aprendizaje clínico. Mediante una metodología cualitativa se abordó el objeto de estudio en su escenario natural. La recolección de datos se realizó a través de diversas fuentes de información. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron análisis documental, observación no participante y entrevista semiestructurada. Para analizar los datos se identificaron temas significativos, determinando unidades de registro con el fin de categorizar la información. Para comprender los procesos involucrados se presenta información empírica mediante descripción de tendencias. Éstas describen la información empírica utilizando indicadores por categoría. El análisis explicativo reconstruye el sentido de la información obtenida. Se concluye que la comunicación, confianza y responsabilidad son indicadores de escaso desarrollo en el colectivo. El análisis del discurso, desde la perspectiva de los estudiantes, devela diversas visiones de las prácticas docentes relativas al compromiso bioético, planteándose entonces la necesidad de repensarlas para contribuir con una formación profesional de real compromiso social.


This study pretends to understand, through speech analysis, the commitment to bioethics of dentistry students, who participate in the process of clinical training. Through a qualitative methodology the object of study was approached in its natural setting. Data collection was carried out through diverse information sources. The instruments used were documental analysis, observation without participating and semi structure interviews. In order to analyze data, meaningful topics were identified, determining units to record for categorizing information. To understand the processes involved, empirical information is shown by describing tendencies. These describe empirical information using indicators for each category. The analysis builds the meaning of information recorded. It is concluded that communication, trust and responsibility are indicators of scarce development in general. Speech analysis, under the perspective of students, reveals diverse visions about teaching practices related to bioethics commitment, raising the need to reconsider these practices in order to contribute to a professional training of real social commitment.


Este estudo pretende compreender, por meio da análise do discurso, o compromisso bioético de estudantes de odontologia que participam do processo ensino-aprendizagem clínico. Mediante uma metodologia qualitativa se abordou o objeto de estudo em seu cenário natural. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de diversas fontes de informação. Os instrumentos utilizados foram análise documental, observação não participante e entrevista semiestruturada. Para analisar os dados se identificaram temas significativos, determinando unidades de registro com a finalidade de categorizar a informação. Para compreender os processos envolvidos se apresenta informação empírica mediante descrição de tendências. Estas descrevem a informação empírica utilizando indicadores por categoria. A análise explicativa reconstrói o sentido da informação obtida. Conclui-se que a comunicação, a confiança e a responsabilidade são indicadores de escasso desenvolvimento no coletivo. A análise do discurso, a partir da perspectiva dos estudantes, desvela diversas visões das práticas docentes relativas ao compromiso bioético, propondo-se então a necessidade de repensá-las para contribuir com uma formação profissional de real compromisso social.


Subject(s)
Humans , Bioethics , Education, Dental , Ethics, Clinical , Guideline Adherence , Students, Dental , Data Collection , Learning , Qualitative Research , Social Responsibility , Teaching
14.
Rev Chilena Infectol ; 29(4): 420-6, 2012 Aug.
Article in Spanish | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23096542

ABSTRACT

The Chilean Ministry of Health (MINSAL) led an investigation to identify associated factors to human influenza A (H1N1) infection in turkeys from poultry farms, Valparaíso. The Agriculture and Livestock Farming Service (SAG) informed the detection of influenza A (low pathogenicity) in turkeys and the Public Health Institute (ISP) confirmed influenza A (H1N1).The study included 100% of operative wards: 31% presented positive event (influenza A (H1N1)); 60% if considered only reproductive wards. Dissemination and dispersion velocity of 13 wards in 18 days evidenced a continuous common source. Interviews were performed to 89% of workers of whom 20% presented influenza-like disease: 26% from reproductive wards and 4% from raising and rearing farms. Of15 risk factors studied insemination and age in females showed statistically significant RR in low oviposition index wards. A man-bird transmission is proposed, through direct transmission of saliva during manual insemination or indirect transmission through contaminated semen. To the authors, this is the first turkey 2009 influenza H1N1 outbreak detected worldwide,in this case with a documented cloacal transmission path.


Subject(s)
Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza in Birds/transmission , Influenza, Human/transmission , Insemination, Artificial/veterinary , Adult , Aged , Animal Husbandry/methods , Animals , Chile/epidemiology , Female , Humans , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Insemination, Artificial/methods , Male , Middle Aged , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Semen/virology , Surveys and Questionnaires , Turkeys , Young Adult
15.
Rev. chil. infectol ; 29(4): 420-426, ago. 2012. graf, tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-649830

ABSTRACT

The Chilean Ministry of Health (MINSAL) led an investigation to identify associated factors to human influenza A (H1N1) infection in turkeys from poultry farms, Valparaíso. The Agriculture and Livestock Farming Service (SAG) informed the detection of influenza A (low pathogenicity) in turkeys and the Public Health Institute (ISP) confirmed influenza A (H1N1).The study included 100% of operative wards: 31% presented positive event (influenza A (H1N1)); 60% if considered only reproductive wards. Dissemination and dispersion velocity of 13 wards in 18 days evidenced a continuous common source. Interviews were performed to 89% of workers of whom 20% presented influenza-like disease: 26% from reproductive wards and 4% from raising and rearing farms. Of15 risk factors studied insemination and age in females showed statistically significant RR in low oviposition index wards. A man-bird transmission is proposed, through direct transmission of saliva during manual insemination or indirect transmission through contaminated semen. To the authors, this is the first turkey 2009 influenza H1N1 outbreak detected worldwide,in this case with a documented cloacal transmission path.


El MINSAL lideró una investigación para identificar factores asociados a infección por influenza A(H1N1) en pavos de planteles avícolas, Valparaíso. El Servicio Agrícola Ganadero informó la detección de influenza A (baja patogenicidad) en pavos y el ISP confirmó influenza A(H1N1). El estudio incluyó 100% de los pabellones operativos: 31% presentó evento positivo (influenza A(H1N1); 60% al considerar sólo pabellones de reproducción. La diseminación y velocidad de dispersión de 13 pabellones en 18 días evidenció una fuente común continua. Se entrevistó a 89% de los trabajadores y 20% presentó ETI: 26% de pabellones de reproducción y 4% de granjas de cría y recría. De 15 factores analizados, inseminación y edad de las hembras mostraron RR estadísticamente significativos en los planteles con baja ovipostura. Se plantea transmisión hombre-ave directa por saliva en inseminación manual o transmisión indirecta por semen contaminado. Es el primer brote de influenza A(H1N1) 2009 en pavos detectado en el mundo y que se comprueba vía de transmisión cloacal.


Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Disease Outbreaks/veterinary , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype , Influenza in Birds/transmission , Influenza, Human/transmission , Insemination, Artificial/veterinary , Animal Husbandry/methods , Chile/epidemiology , Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity , Influenza in Birds/epidemiology , Influenza, Human/epidemiology , Insemination, Artificial/methods , Retrospective Studies , Risk Factors , Surveys and Questionnaires , Semen/virology , Turkeys
16.
Vigía (Santiago) ; 13(27): 12-18, 2012.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, MINSALCHILE | ID: lil-620946

ABSTRACT

El siguiente documento da cuenta del grado de avance en la implementación del RSI (2005) en Chile, de acuerdo a las áreas de trabajo sugeridas por la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS), las que por facilidad del informe se han organizado en las siguientes: 1) Impulso de las alianzas con otros sectores, 2) Fortalecimiento de los sistemas nacionales de vigilancia, prevención, control y respuesta a las enfermedades, que incluye el fortalecimiento de los sistemas de alerta y respuesta, 3) Fortalecimiento de la Seguridad Sanitaria en los Viajes y el Transporte, 4) Fortalecimiento de la gestión de riesgos específicos, 5) Respaldo de los derechos, obligaciones y procedimientos, 6) Realización de estudios y vigilancia de los progresos. En cada una de las secciones se señalan el objetivo y los avances, considerando para su descripción los resultados previstos para cada una de las áreas de trabajo.


The following document realizes the degree of progress of the IHR (2005) in Chile, according to the work areas suggested by WHO, which for ease of report has been organized into: 1) promotion of partnerships with other sectors, 2) Strengthening ofthe surveillance, prevention, control and disease response national systems, including strengthening of alert and response systems, 3) Strengthening of health safety in travels and transportation, 4) Strengthening of specific risk management, 5) Support of rights, obligations and procedures, 6) Research and progress monitoring. En each section it is noted the objective and advances, considering for description the expected results for each work areas.


Subject(s)
Health Surveillance Services , National Health Surveillance System , Epidemiological Monitoring , Chile , World Health Organization
17.
Vigía (Santiago) ; 12(26): 3-6, 2010.
Article in Spanish | LILACS, MINSALCHILE | ID: lil-605311

ABSTRACT

En Chile, la implementación del Reglamento Sanitario Internacional (2005), instrumento regulatorio internacional que permite abordar situaciones de impacto sanitario, se inició en el año 2007 con la instalación de Oficinas Sanitarias en los principales puntos de ingreso al país, la designación de puertos y la instalación del Centro Nacional de Enlace. Durante la denominada primera pandemia del siglo XXI nuestro país, en congruencia a lo ratificado con la entrada en vigor del RSI (2005), no cerró ni recomendó el cierre de fronteras, así como tampoco suspendió vuelos provenientes de zonas que ya presentaban casos de la enfermedad, sino que reforzó la vigilancia epidemiológica de la nueva influenza humana causada por el virus A (H1N1), lo cual en los puntos de entrada formó parte de las medidas sanitarias que fueron establecidas en orden de detectar, verificar, notificar y controlar ante el inevitable ingreso del nuevo virus. Acciones de educación, comunicación de riesgo y trabajo intersectorial favorecieron este accionar.


In Chile, the implementation of the International Health Regulations (2005), an international regulatory instrument that allows the management of situations with sanitary impact, started in 2007 with the establishment of border sanitary offices at the main points of entry to the country, the designation of ports and the establishment of the National Focal Point. During the called “first pandemic of the 21st century ” , in congruence with the entry into force of the IHR (2005), our country did not close or recommend the closure of borders, also did not suspend flights coming from areas that already reported cases of the disease, however, Chile reinforced the epidemiological surveillance of human influenza caused by the new AH1N1 virus at points of entry. This was one of the health measures established in order to detect, verify, report and control the inevitable entry of this new virus. This strategy was reinforced by doing educational activities, risk communication and working with different sectors of the country organization.


Subject(s)
Humans , Sanitary Control of Airports and Aircrafts , Influenza, Human/prevention & control , Epidemiological Monitoring , Influenza A virus , Disease Outbreaks/prevention & control , Chile
18.
Odontol. pediatr. (Lima) ; 5(1): 9-12, ene.-jul. 2006. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS, LIPECS | ID: lil-609825

ABSTRACT

Se realizó un estudio de prevalencia de traumatismos dento alveolares en 336 niños entre 3 y 5 años 11 meses de la comuna de Concepción, Chile, estudiándose las variables sexo, edad, nivel socioeconómico y tipo de lesión encontrada. La prevalencia fue de 11,90%, con un 72% de lesiones de esmalte, 25% de cambios de coloración y 2,5% de lesiones de tejidos blandos. Un 8.73% de los niños de Jardines Particulares presentaron trauma a diferencia de un 13.8% de los niños de Jardines Públicos. Los pacientes de género masculino presentaron un 20%más de traumatismos dentoalveolares que las de género femenino, no siendo esta diferencia estadísticamente significativa. Los grupos etáreos de 4 y 5 años presentaron un 37.5% de prevalencia, a diferencia del grupo de 3 años que presentó un 25%. Sólo un 47,05% de los padres había notado la presencia del trauma.


A prevalence study on dentoalveolar trauma in 336 children between 3 and 5 years 11 months of age in Concepción, Chile is presented. Studied variables were gender, age, socioeconomic status and type oflesion encountered. Calculated prevalence for dentoalveolar trauma was 11,9%. Lesions encountered were enamel lesions (72%), changes in colour (25%) and soft tissue lesions (2,5%). Prevalence of lesions was 8,73% in private kindergartens and 13,8% in public ones. Male gender had 20% more lesions than females (Non statistically significant). Age group between 4 and 5 years had prevalence of 37,5% while 3 year-old group had only a 25% prevalence. Only 47,05% of parents had noticed the presence of dentoalveolar trauma in their children. When noted it immediately prompted odontological assistance.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Tooth Fractures/complications , Child, Preschool , Prevalence , Tooth Injuries/complications , Chile
19.
Rev. chil. cir ; 40(2): 29-34, jun. 1988. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: lil-63516

ABSTRACT

Se revisó las características histológicas y clínicas de 25 casos de CME de las glándulas salivales mayores y menores. Hubo 13 casos en las mayores (11 parotídeos) y 12 en las menores (4 palatinos). Se clasificó a los tumores en CME de malignidad baja (MB) (14 casos), malignidad intermedia (MI) (5 casos) y malignidad alta (MA) (6 casos). Los de MB fueon predominantemente quísticos, con mayor proporción de células mucinosas, con leve atipia, mínima actividad mitótica, escasa capacidad invasora, tamaño promedio 2.1 cm. y márgenes quirúrgicos libres. En éste grupo no hubo recidivas ni metástasis regionales o a distancia. Los de MI fueron mayoritariamente sólidos, con alta proporción de células intermedias y epidermoides, con células mucinosas en cantidad apreciable, con moderada atipia, con actividad mitótica algo mayor; en el resto de las características no hubo diferencias con el grado de MB. Los de MA fueron sólidos, con franco predominio de células epidermoides, con marcada atipia, con abundantes mitosis; con invasión agresiva local y general, con tamaño promedio de 5.25 cm. Todos los pacientes fallecieron antes del año por la enfermedad local o general. El grado histológico y el tamaño del tumor fueron los parámetros que mejor se correlacionaron con la evolución y el pronóstico de nuestros pacientes


Subject(s)
Adult , Middle Aged , Humans , Male , Female , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/classification , Salivary Gland Neoplasms , Salivary Glands/anatomy & histology
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