Effect of 8-Week Consumption of a Dietary Pattern Based on Fruit, Avocado, Whole Grains, and Trout on Postprandial Inflammatory and Oxidative Stress Gene Expression in Obese People.

Overweight and obesity constitute a major global public health problem. Healthy dietary patterns induce changes at the molecular level. Currently, there are no studies evaluating the effect of a diet based on fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT diet) on the expression of obesity-related genes. This randomized controlled crossover study included 44 obese Colombians with BMI ≥30 kg/m2 who followed either a FAWGT diet or a usual diet (UD) characterized by a high intake of saturated fat and foods rich in processed carbohydrates. After 8 weeks of intervention, a postprandial expression study of inflammation and oxidative stress-related genes was carried out with a real-time PCR. The intervention with a FAWGT diet decreased the expression of inflammatory (NFKB1, IL6, IL1ß) and oxidative stress (NFE2L2) genes compared with the intake of the UD. Finally, the postprandial expression of NFkB1 was positively correlated with triglyceride levels after a dietary intervention with the FAWGT diet and the IL1ß gene, and likewise with insulin levels after following the usual diet. The consumption of the FAWGT diet for 8 weeks reduced the inflammatory status; thus, it can be considered a valid alternative to other healthy diets, since it induces beneficial changes on the genes involved in inflammation and oxidative stress in obese people.

Alternative Foods in Cardio-Healthy Dietary Models That Improve Postprandial Lipemia and Insulinemia in Obese People.

Obesity is one of the major health problems worldwide. Following healthy dietary patterns can be difficult in some countries due to the lack of availability of certain foods; thus, alternative foods are needed. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of a dietary pattern consisting of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout (FAWGT) on postprandial insulinemia and lipemia in obese Colombian subjects. A randomized controlled crossover study was conducted, in which 44 subjects with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 followed either a FAWGT diet or a diet high in saturated fat and rich in processed carbohydrates. Levels of lipids and carbohydrates were measured during the postprandial state. The FAWGT diet reduced fasting insulin, VLDL, and HOMA-IR after 8 weeks (p < 0.05), while there was a lower postprandial increase in TG, VLDL, and insulin levels after both acute and chronic intake of FAWGT diet (p < 0.05). The intake of FAWGT-diet was characterized by high consumption of foods rich in fiber, MUFAs, and vitamins C and E (p < 0.05). The consumption of a diet composed of fruit, avocado, whole grains, and trout has emerged as a valid alternative to the foods included in other heart-healthy diets since it improves postprandial lipemia and insulinemia in obese people and has similar beneficial effects to these healthy models.

Brief intervention on the consumption of fruits and vegetables and physical activity in university students

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that up to 2.7 million lives could be saved annually if enough fruits and vegetables were consumed. Regular physical activity has been shown to reduce the risk of various diseases and help with energy balance and weight control. For university students it is complex to follow healthy guidelines such as the consumption of fruits and vegetables and the realization of physical activity due to the lack of time to cook and academic commitments. Objective: To determine the nutritional status and physical activity of university students before and after an educational intervention with WHO recommendations. Materials and methods: A prospective longitudinal study in which 70 university students were evaluated. The intervention consisted of an individualized educational talk. The nutritional status was evaluated by means of a survey on the consumption of fruits and vegetables and anthropometric measurements and physical condition by recording the time of habitual physical activity per week and the Harvard step test. The data were analyzed using the statistical software XL-STAT version 2014.3.07. Results and discussion: The intervention had a positive effect on healthy lifestyle habits, increasing the percentage of compliance with the physical activity recommendations, 16% in men and 9% in women. In addition, the intake of fruits and vegetables increased by 14% and 12%, respectively. Conclusions: These improvements provide a basis for designing and implementing strategies that increase the percentage of adherence to healthy lifestyle habits through lowcost and easy-to-adopt interventions. (AU)

Postprandial lipid profile in young colombian people. A comparison of two breakfasts / Perfil lipídico posprandial en jóvenes colombianos. Una comparación de dos desayunos

El objetivo fue comparar el perfil lipídico posprandial de estudiantes universitarios que ingirieron un desayuno característico de la región andina colombiana, alto en grasas saturadas y bajo en carbohidratos complejos, en comparación con un desayuno experimental con bajo contenido de grasa y alto en carbohidratos complejos; y su relación con medidas antropométricas. 75 estudiantes universitarios consumieron uno de los dos desayunos después de un ayuno de 12 horas. Se realizó un perfil completo de lípidos en ayunas, tres y seis horas después de la ingestión del desayuno. De los 75 pacientes, 11 fueron excluidos, 28 personas consumieron el desayuno experimental y 36 el habitual. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos; sin embargo, hubo una tendencia a disminuir los niveles de todos los componentes del perfil lipídico en el desayuno experimental, excepto las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). El área bajo la curva (AUC) no difirió entre los desayunos. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la relación cintura / cadera (WHR) obtuvo una relación inversa con el HDL y una relación directa con las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL). En conclusión, no hubo diferencias en el efecto agudo de ambos desayunos, posiblemente debido a factores como: el tabaquismo, el ejercicio, el estilo de vida sedentario, el tipo de alimento utilizado en la dieta; variables que no fueron discriminadas en este estudio. La principal contribución de este estudio es la descripción del comportamiento a lo largo del tiempo de las variables del perfil lipídico y su relación con las variables antropométricas. Es posible que el efecto de estas dietas sea significativo a largo plazo

The aim was to compare the postprandial lipid profile of university students who ate a regular breakfast of the Colombian Andean region, high in saturated fats and low in complex carbohydrates, compared with an experimental breakfast with low fat content and high in complex carbohydrates and its relation with anthropometric measurements. 75 university students consumed one of the two breakfasts after a 12-hour fast. A complete lipid profile was performed in a fasted state, three and six hours after breakfast ingestion. Of the 75 patients, 11 were withdrawn, 28 people consumed the experimental breakfast and 36 the usual one. There was no significant difference between the two groups; however there was a tendency to decrease the levels of all the components of the lipid profile in the experimental breakfast, except for High density lipoprotein (HDL). The Area under the Curve (AUC) did not show differences between breakfasts. The body mass index (BMI) and the waist / hip ratio (WHR) showed an inverse relationship with HDL and a direct relationship with Low density lipoproteins (LDL). In conclusion, there were not differences in the acute effect of both breakfasts, possibly due to factors such as smoking, exercise, sedentary lifestyle, type of food used in the diet, variables that were not discriminated in this study. The main contribution of this study is the description of the behavior over time of the lipid profile variables and their relationship with the anthropometric variables. It is possible that the effect of these diets is likely to be significant in the long terms