ABSTRACT
BACKGROUND: Handful studies report the prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among medical students from India and none from the eastern part of the country. AIM: To estimate the prevalence of risk factors of CVD and their correlation with CVD risk ratio among the MBBS students from eastern India. METHODS: 433 students were studied. International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long form was used for assessment of physical activity and Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) to elicit psychological stress levels. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) was calculated. Total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein ratio was calculated as the CVD risk ratio. RESULTS: 39.3% were women and 68.6% of the subjects were in junior classes. 22.4% subjects had high PSS while 30% performed low physical activity. Tobacco and alcohol intake was prevalent in 29.3% and 21.0% respectively. High CVD risk ratio was found in 14.3%. Most risk factors were more prevalent among juniors except diabetes. Among the non-overweight and non-obese subjects there was a significant positive correlation between WHtR and CVD risk score (R = 0.33, p < 0.001). 82.7% of the variance in CVD risk ratio could be explained by WHtR, Body mass index, Triglycerides and Low-density lipoprotein (F(7, 425) = 296.085), of which LDL (ß = 0.755) contributed the most. CONCLUSIONS: High prevalence of different modifiable CVD risk factors revealed among the subjects in this study is concerning. WHtR appears promising as an independent early predictor of CVD risk in Indian population. A dedicated CVD risk assessment tool for the young population is necessary.
ABSTRACT
COVID-19 pandemic is creating havoc in the world. It is also spreading in India creating a massive healthcare problem. Few major hospitals were closed down because of the spread among healthcare personnel. Management of several commonly occurring diseases needed modifications to a lesser or greater extent because of this pandemic. Management of acute coronary syndrome (ACS) also requires certain modifications. In this opinion paper an attempt has been made to give an outline of ACS management in this changed scenario.
Subject(s)
Acute Coronary Syndrome/therapy , Coronavirus Infections/prevention & control , Disease Transmission, Infectious/prevention & control , Infection Control/organization & administration , Outcome Assessment, Health Care , Pandemics/prevention & control , Pneumonia, Viral/prevention & control , Acute Coronary Syndrome/diagnosis , Acute Coronary Syndrome/mortality , COVID-19 , Communicable Disease Control/organization & administration , Coronavirus Infections/epidemiology , Disease Management , Female , Humans , India , Male , Pandemics/statistics & numerical data , Patient Care Team/organization & administration , Pneumonia, Viral/epidemiology , Practice Guidelines as Topic , Risk Assessment , Severity of Illness Index , Survival AnalysisABSTRACT
A 22 year-old lady with multi-drug-resistant pulmonary tuberculosis was on Kanamycin, Cycloserine, Ethionamide, Pyrazinamide and Moxifloxacin since more than two months. She presented with muscle cramps and carpopedal spasm. Investigation revealed hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis. She also had hypomagnesemia, hypochloremia and hypocalciuria. Serum urea and creatinine levels were normal. Patient was treated with intravenous and oral potassium chloride. Kanamycin was stopped. Metabolic alkalosis and hypokalemia improved gradually over one month. Biochemical parameters were like Gitelman's syndrome but it reversed with stoppage of Kanamycin. Gitelman-like syndrome with Kanamycin toxicity has not been reported in literature previously.
