Blockade of Kv7 channels reverses the inhibitory effects of exchange protein directly activated by cAMP activation on purinergic contractions of the murine detrusor.

Purinergic contractions of the detrusor are reduced by cAMP, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. We examined the effects of BK and Kv7 channel modulators on purinergic contractions of the detrusor and tested if the inhibitory effects of activators of the cAMP effectors, PKA and EPAC, were reduced by blockade of BK or Kv7 channels. Purinergic contractions of the murine detrusor were induced by electric field stimulation (EFS) or application of the P2X receptor agonist α,ß-MeATP. EFS responses were inhibited by the L-type Ca2+ channel blocker nifedipine, but not by the SERCA inhibitor CPA or the SOCE blocker GSK7975A. The Kv7 channel opener retigabine and BK channel activator compound X inhibited purinergic responses, while blockade of Kv7 or BK channels with XE991 or iberiotoxin, respectively, augmented these responses. Application of the EPAC activator 007-AM or PKA activator 6-MB-cAMP inhibited EFS responses. These effects were unaffected by iberiotoxin; however, XE991 reduced the effects of 007-AM, but not 6-MB-cAMP. Kv7.5 was the only Kv7 transcript detected in isolated detrusor myocytes. These data suggest that purinergic contractions of the detrusor are regulated by BK and Kv7 channels and the latter may also play a role in EPAC-dependent inhibition of this activity.

Functional expression of NaV1.7 channels in freshly dispersed mouse bronchial smooth muscle cells.

Isolated smooth muscle cells (SMCs) from mouse bronchus were studied using the whole cell patch-clamp technique at ∼21°C. Stepping from -100 mV to -20 mV evoked inward currents of mean amplitude -275 pA. These inactivated (tau = 1.1 ms) and were abolished when external Na+ was substituted with N-Methyl-d-glucamine. In current-voltage protocols, current peaked at -10 mV and reversed between +20 and +30 mV. The V1/2s of activation and inactivation were -25 and -86 mV, respectively. The current was highly sensitive to tetrodotoxin (IC50 = 1.5 nM) and the NaV1.7 subtype-selective blocker, PF-05089771 (IC50 = 8.6 nM), consistent with NaV1.7 as the underlying pore-forming α subunit. Two NaV1.7-selective antibodies caused membrane-delineated staining of isolated SMC, as did a nonselective pan-NaV antibody. RT-PCR, performed on groups of ∼15 isolated SMCs, revealed transcripts for NaV1.7 in 7/8 samples. Veratridine (30 µM), a nonselective NaV channel activator, reduced peak current evoked by depolarization but induced a sustained current of 40 pA. Both effects were reversed by tetrodotoxin (100 nM). In tension experiments, veratridine (10 µM) induced contractions that were entirely blocked by atropine (1 µM). However, in the presence of atropine, veratridine was able to modulate the pattern of activity induced by a combination of U-46619 (a thromboxane A2 mimetic) and PGE2 (prostaglandin E2), by eliminating bursts in favor of sustained phasic contractions. These effects were readily reversed to control-like activity by tetrodotoxin (100 nM). In conclusion, mouse bronchial SMCs functionally express NaV1.7 channels that are capable of modulating contractile activity, at least under experimental conditions.

Inhibitory effects of openers of large-conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels on agonist-induced phasic contractions in rabbit and mouse bronchial smooth muscle.

Airway smooth muscle expresses abundant BKCa channels, but their role in regulating contractions remains controversial. This study examines the effects of two potent BKCa channel openers on agonist-induced phasic contractions in rabbit and mouse bronchi. First, we demonstrated the ability of 10 µM GoSlo-SR5-130 to activate BKCa channels in inside-out patches from rabbit bronchial myocytes, where it shifted the activation V1/2 by -88 ± 11 mV (100 nM Ca2+, n = 7). In mouse airway smooth muscle cells, GoSlo-SR5-130 dose dependently shifted V1/2 by 12-83 mV over a concentration range of 1-30 µM. Compound X, a racemic mixture of two enantiomers, reported to be potent BKCa channel openers, shifted V1/2 by 20-79 mV over a concentration range of 0.3-3 µM. In rabbit bronchial rings, exposure to histamine (1 µM) induced phasic contractions after a delay of ~35 min. These were abolished by GoSlo-SR5-130 (30 µM). Nifedipine (100 nM) and CaCCinhA01 (10 µM), a TMEM16A blocker, also abolished histamine-induced phasic contractions. In mouse bronchi, similar phasic contractions were evoked by exposure to U46619 (100 nM) and carbachol (100 nM). In each case, these were inhibited by concentrations of GoSlo-SR5-130 and compound X that shifted the activation V1/2 of BKCa channels in the order of -80 mV. In conclusion, membrane potential-dependent regulation of L-type Ca2+ channels appears to be important for histamine-, U46619-, and carbachol-induced phasic contractions in airway smooth muscle. Contractions can be abolished by BKCa channel openers, suggesting that these channels are potential targets for treating some causes of airway obstruction.