Hyperpyrexia in a previously healthy pregnant female with COVID pneumonia: a case report and review of the literature.

BACKGROUND: Infection due to the SARS-CoV-2 virus can have a wide range of presentations from asymptomatic/mildly symptomatic to severe disease with multiorgan failure. Fever is a common symptom. But hyperpyrexia defined as temperature > 41.5 °C is not usual in COVID-19. CASE PRESENTATION: A 24-year-old previously well Sri Lankan female in the 24th week of gestation of her first pregnancy presented with fever and shortness of breath. She was confirmed to have coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). History was suggestive of late presentation on approximately the eighth day of the illness. She had rapidly deteriorating hypoxia due to COVID pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation two days after the admission. There was evidence of cytokine storm without any secondary bacterial infection. She received glucocorticoids, tocilizumab, and intravenous antibiotics. Although she initially showed mild improvements, she subsequently developed high-grade fever with the axillary temperature rising to 41.7 °C starting from the seventh day of admission. There were no causative medicines or risk factors to explain hyperpyrexia. She died on the ninth day of admission. CONCLUSIONS: There are no reports of patients developing this complication during pregnancy. The pathophysiology of this rare life-threatening complication remains elusive. Detailed reporting and in-depth analysis of such patients will facilitate the understanding of the associations and successful management of these patients.

Response and Survival Estimates of Patients With Plasma Cell Myeloma in a Resource-Constrained Setting Using Protocols From High-Income Countries: A Single-Center Experience From Sri Lanka.

PURPOSE: There is a significant disparity in global cancer care and outcome between countries. Progress in the treatment of symptomatic plasma cell myeloma (PCM) in high-income countries is not seen in low- and middle-income countries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is was a retrospective cohort study of all patients diagnosed with PCM between May 1, 2013, and September 30, 2021, at the first hemato-oncology center in Sri Lanka. We aimed to provide data on clinicopathologic characteristics, response, and survival estimates. RESULTS: A total of 79 patients with PCM received first-line therapy during the study period. The median age was 64 years, and approximately one third (33%) of patients were older than 70 years. There were 42 (53%) males and 37 females. Hypercalcemia, renal impairment, anemia, and bone disease were detected in 36.7%, 38%, 72.1%, and 81%, respectively. Thirty-nine, 34, and six patients received a combination of cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone; bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone; and other treatments, respectively. The overall response rate (≥ partial response) was approximately 97% for both cyclophosphamide, thalidomide, and dexamethasone and bortezomib, thalidomide, and dexamethasone. Twenty-three (29%) of these patients died during the study period, but only 14 (18%) died due to PCM or associated sepsis. After a median follow-up of 40.6 months (range, 35.2-59.07 months), the median overall survival was 84.2 months (95% CI, 60.87 to not available). The 5-year estimated overall survival was 65%. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the only well-characterized study on long-term survival of patients with PCM in Sri Lanka. We have shown that it is possible to successfully apply Western treatment and supportive care protocols to the local population. These published data will help to benchmark and improve the treatment and develop blood cancer care in the local setting.

Blood cancer care in a resource limited setting during the Covid-19 outbreak; a single center experience from Sri Lanka.

BACKGROUND: The Covid-19 pandemic has caused significant morbidity and mortality among patients with cancer. Most countries employed measures to prevent spread of Covid-19 infection which include shielding, quarantine, lockdown, travel restrictions, physical distancing and the use of personal protective equipment. This study was carried out to assess the change in patient attendance and the efficacy of newly implemented strategies to mitigate the impact of Covid-19 on services at the Lanka Hospital Blood Cancer Centre (LHBCC) in Colombo, Sri Lanka. METHODOLOGY: Telephone consultation, infection control, personal protective measures and emergency admission policy were implemented with the aim of having a Covid-19 free ward and to prevent cross-infections. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with 1399 patient episodes (in-patient care or day-case review). We analysed patients treated as in-patient as well as day-case basis between 01st April 2020 and 31st December 2020. RESULTS: There were 977 day-case based episodes and 422 in-patient based episodes. There was a 14% drop in episode numbers compared to same period in 2019. There was no cross infection and no patients with Covid-19 related symptoms or positive test results entered the LHBCC during the study period. CONCLUSION: Services in blood cancer care were maintained to prevent late stage presentation and adverse outcome. Measures implemented to prevent Covid-19 were effective to allow continuation of treatment. This study highlights the importance of implementing strict protocols, clinical screening, use of appropriate personal protective equipment in delivering blood cancer care during the Covid-19 pandemic. This is the only documented study relating to outcome and successful applicability of measures to prevent spread of Covid-19 infection and maintaining services among blood cancer patients in Sri Lanka.